USRE3436E - Improvement in heating stoves - Google Patents

Description

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aient @wie ABETH Letters Patent No. 84,626, dated December l,

HA WKS 1868i reissue No. 3,436`l dem?. May 11,1869.

rMPRovBMN'r m HEATING s'rovss. 44.*+- The Schedule referred to 1n these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that ELIZABETH Hnwns, siding at the town of Vineland, in 'berlu-nd, and Statcof New Jersey, has heretofore in-' vented certain new and' useful Improvements in Stoves, and whichalso may be applied to furnaces or heaters, und for which Letters Patentof the UnitedStatesofAmerica were granted and issued, in due forni oi' law, bearing date the 1st day of December, 1868, which Letters Patentwere, on the 13th day of J annary, 1h69, duly assigned and transferred unto WILLIAM E. MARSTON, of the city of Troy, county of Rensselaer, and State of New York,-who is sole assignee, and who executes this specification, and description, and cla-iin upon said invention and improvements.

The said Letters .Patent having been found to be defective, in that they do not cover and embrace, inthe claims and specifications thereof all of the origi- 7 nal invention and improvements com ned in the drawformerly= rethe county of Cumings first and originally filedV in tls United States Patent Oiee, and I, thel` said assignee, being now desirous to reissue, as b'y law provided, the said Letters Patent, herewith surrendered, have prepared these specifications, drawings, and claims ofthe said original invention and ixnp1o.'emeuts.

Now, therefore, I, the said sole assignee, do hereby declare that the folhnving is a full, clear, exact, and more perfect description of the said invention and improvement-s, mentioned and contained in the claims hereto annexed, as well as of the construction, arrangement, and opt-ration of the same,- reference being hereby had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, as a part thereof.

Like letters represent and refer to like or correspending part-s of the said invention and improvements.

Figure l represents a vertical section of a coalbnrning or heating stove, containing the said inven-v tion and improvements, on 'a vertical line through the centre of the exit pipe and door, or damper in the base of said stove, and which contains the upper combustion chamber,'the fuel, or re chamber, the lower combustion chamber, the chambers and damper in the base thereof, and the rear combustion-chamber, and the radiating-chamber, each and all of which are more fully described and set forth hereinafter.

Figure 2 is a vertical section on a line,.A B, iig. 5.,' showing the same parts of the invention and improvements as contained in fig. 1, and showingthe reversed draught, and the state, condition, or process ofrthe combustion, with the direct draught shut o, and the downward'draught, caused therehy,in full operation, in the manner substantially asherein described and set forth. v

Figure 3 is a vertical section at right-angles of the vertical line, figs. l and 2, and on the line E F, iig. 5, and showing the damper arranged in the partition in the base of the stove, and also the damper in theinner cylinder wall, or partition, and above the fuel, or tire chambenpann communicating with the upper combustion chamber, each of which is more fully described and set forth hereinafter.

Figure 4 is a. section, showing'the hase ou line C D, at fi. 1. f

Figure o is a section, on a line at G H, fig. 3, and showing the arrangement of the radiator above the base, and more fully described hereinafter.

Figure 6 is a view on the top part of figs. Qi, f5, and 3, showing the circular damper for the admission of atmospheric air to the upper combustion chamber, and thence downward into and. through the fuel, or fire chamber, in themanner and for the purposes substantially vas herein described and set forth.

color, Sto., and each of said dran fully described hereinafter.

The nature of the said invention and improvements herein contained and s et forth, consists ofan arrangement of the fuel, or iire chamber` between au upper ghts will be more f and a lower chamber oficomhustion o'f the evolving i and. escaping gases and smoke, produced from combustion of the fuel in the fuel,or lire chamber, in the scribed and set forth.

It also consists in the employment and arrangement'of a-doubleA or single damper below the lower combustionchamber, and within a suitable partition plate in the base of a. stove, furnace, or heater, in the .manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described and set forth.

It also consists in the employment and arrangement of a vertical radiating chamber and a vertical gas and smoke-combustion chamber, each being arranged and combined with otherA parts or features of the said stove, furnace, orheater, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein described and set forth. It also consists in the employment and arrangement of a downward-draught .damper upon the top of the said stove, furnace, or heater, and` immediately over the upper combustion-chamber, the purposes substantially as herein described and set forth.

It also consists in the employment and arrangement of va single or double damper in the inner cylinder wall, and'commnnicating with the upper combustion chamber, and with the vertical and rear gas and smoke-cousuming or combustion-chamber, in the manner and for the tpurposes substantially as herein described and set tort i -It also consists in the construction and arrangement of a stove, furnace, or heater by which the gases and smoke are caused to rise from the burning fuel in the fire chamber, into an upper chamber' of combustion, and then coming into contact with the atmospheric air entering such chamber, at the top' ofthe same, are

The direct draught is shown at g. l, and the re- V versed draught is 'shown at fig. 2, in red lines and.

manner and by the means substantially as herein de.

inthe manner and for 'returned im na'thougn nl@ trein the fuel cham. ber, and through spaces,-in the re grate, into slower gas and smoke-consuming or combustion chamber, and

thence, through a suitable damper, in the base of such stove, furnace, or,heater,=andf into a vertical gas and Vsmokc-eonsutning or combustion lchamber, lthereby heating the base thereof', andcausing. nearly all,f notall the escaping products of combustion-'to be consumed or burned, in sthc manner and bythe .means substantiallyas hereindescrlbed and set forth. Having thus described the nature of the said original intention, made by the-said ELIZABETH Harms,

and to me duly Vassigned and transferred, as aforesaid,

and to enable'others skilled'inth'eart towhich the said invention and improvementsv appertain, to manu-A facture-and vto use the same, Iwill n'ow andjhere proceed to' describe the construction, anangcmenafand I operation thereof, referring tothe accompanying drawings, 'which'form 'a parto these specifications, `are substantially as lfollows; that is to sa A represents the base of the said stove, furnace, or heater, which is divided into' two chambers, by means of the partition B, constructed and arranged in some suitable manner. A- The topof saidl base A is provided with a circular or other-shaped hole or opening, from which projects a suitable flange, O, tig's.'1,' 2, and 3, alsog. 5, which y ange is for the purpose of receiving the outer casing or cylinder D. Y

The innerl cylinder E, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, may be. supported lat its lower end,'in a manner similar to that shown in relation to the said outer cylinder D. By means of the said outerand inner cylinders, ab air space or air chamberis formed between the two,

the lower end of I which shalhbe of the same height as that of the said outer and inner`cylinders5 and the said cylinders are manner substantially as herein described and s etforth.

There will be full and free communication betweensaid chambers M and N. y.

The said chamber N may be of any form or capacity gesired, and is also a combustion and radiating-chan1 er. f

The said chamber N is separated from the chamber' O, in the said -base A, by means of a partition plate,

` B, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, which partition plate,contains a suitable damper, L, which maybe constructed intwo parts, as show n atg. v3, if deemed best so to do, and is for the purpose of closing or opening the holes or apertures b E, when so required, during the operation of the said sto've, furnace, or heater, where said invention and improvements are applied.l

f The said damper L may be of any'size or capacity desired, or in any form.

Inside of the said inner cylinder E, is the fuel, or re chamber H, which is provided with some suitable fire grate G.

The said chamber is supplied with the fuel from the topof the stove, through some'snitable opening, which maybe opened and closed by convenient means.

The chamber between the said inner and outer cylinders D and E, is closed at the top thereof', by means of a suitable plate, constructed for that purpose, as well as'for the top plate of the stove, and it may he of any form or shapedesired.

The top ofthe inner cylinder E is closed. by the cover l, which is provided with draught openings or' holes,-

that may opened and closed, as the `quire, during the'operation of the stove, furnaoeor heater, andthe samealso forms the covering for the upperpart ofthe upper 'combustion chamber P, gs.

1, 2, and 3.

At the rear side of the l.said inner cylinder E is a v suitable ope ning, near the top, through which the smoke passes out, and intoV the pipe (called the exit pipe) J.

The said opening-in said inner cylinderE Y may be closed or' opened, 'for the purposes vherein named, by means of the damper K. i)

- When open for the purpose of starting up the fire or combustion of the fuel in the fuel chamber H, then the smoke wiiLpass o ut and into the said exit pipe,

.lowugfwordd to wit, the direct draught.

l Wheu'tbe fuel aforesaid, has become thoroughly ignited, so as to evolve the gases and smoke, then said and while thisis going oml'call the same by the fol. l

'damper K is 'closed,so as to produce the return or 'downward draught, substantially as herein described 'and set fort The fuel oliamber H has fire-brick lining, if deemed best to use the same, and when not sof'nsed, then I use heavyfcastdron plates or cylinders, as the case' may require.- f

The said fuel chamber H is so arranged, as to constitute what' is denominated the lower combustion chamber Q, tige. 11, 2, and3, and which chamber will be constructed of any capacity required, the same 'being always' below the firegrate G, and'above the top of the hase, A, or suitably arranged in connection with the said chamber 0, and thus and-thereby, and- `by means thereof, contribute towards the preservation of the said fire vgrate G from too rapid burning out, by `the combustion of the fuel thereon, or by the combuss tion ofthe escaping products of combustion, that is to say, the gases and smoke evolved from the fuel inA said fuel chamber. R, iigs. 1, 2, and 4,

opened wbenit is necessary to use the direct draught for the kindling or starting ofthe fire in the fuel chamber H.

The direct draught is indicated by the arrows at iig. 1, while the reversed or return draught is shown by the red arrows at iig. 2.v

The dark-colored arrowsat g. 2, indicate the'atmoslpheric air passing in .and through the register, or

damper I, at the top of the st ove, furnace, or heater,l

which v is open to any required capacity, when theA return or reverseddraught is in force or operation, substantially als shown at said iig; 2.

- The said damper Rsnay be constructed in any `form I desired, `and it may be a sliding' or revolving damper. R', iig. 4,1is-a-doorin the front part'of the base A, and it isfor thepnrposeof allowing thewithdrawng or removing of theashes, or ash-pan containing ashes, atsuch' times'as it shall become necessary. `The said. damper R maybe constructed in the said door It', or't maybe upon other sidesfof said cham ber in said lbase A.

When it is desirable to use the return draught shown at said iig. 2, it will become necessaryto close the said damper R, also to close the saiddamper R inthe said upper chamber of comlmstion P,'and to open the damper, or register I at the top,and over the said upper combustion chamber P,'and the gases andsmoke .being evolved fronrthe fuel in the fuel chamber H, will arise within the saidupper combustion chamber P, and coming into, contact with theatmospherc air' entering'the said chamber through the said damper, or register I, are borne downwards towards theIV re in the said fuel chamber, and such of said gases and smoke'ns' remain unconsumed, are thrown. into, downis a' damper in the front part of the vchamber 0 and base A. This damper must he and by means 'of which, the same are still more consuined, 'and such as still remain uncon'sumed, are passed into the lower combustion chamber Q below the said lire grate G, and coming into contact with the hot air within said chamber, the more perfect combustion of said smoke and gases is continued, while those yet remaining unconsumed, pass onward through the said damper L, in the said partition plate B, into the said rear chamber N, in the said base, and 'passing from said chamber upward into the rear chamber M, thesame will come into contact with highly heated atmospheric air within said chamber, and the said gases and smoke or products of combustion yet remaining nnconsumed, will be vigorously ignited and consumed'within said vertical rear combustion cham-- ber M.

The said direction of escaping products of combustion, and the consumption of the same, while and during efforts to escape to the exit pipe J, are fully indicated by the red arrows at fig. 2, as aforesaid.

1t willy be seen that there are atleast four points or places of combustion of the evolved gases and smoke; that is to say, rst, in the upper chamber of combustion P; second, in the fuel chamber H; third, in the lower combustion chamber Q; and fourth, in the rear and vertical combustion chamber M; the operation being carried ouin the manner substantially as shown at the said fig. 2

By the arrangement of 'chambers ,for the combustion of the fuel and of the evolving gases and smoke, the said fire grate G, at the bottom of the fuel chamber, and on which the fuel rests, will endure the heat for a much longer time than` heretofore known.

When a double damperis used, it will be constructed substantially as shown at L L,.iig. 3: The same kind .of damper may be used to allow communication from the upper combustion` chamber P, and theeXit-pipe J, figs. 1, 2, and 3.

In the front, and partially upon'the sides ofthe said stove, furnace, or heater, and on the sides of the said upper, and lower-,aud fuel chambers, will be arranged and constructed, the radiating chamber S, iigsjl, 2, 3, and 5, which extends from the top of said base A.,

up to the full height, or nearly so, of said stove, furnace, or heater, substantially `as shown at said figs. l.,

2, and 3, In this chamber the air becomes very highly heated by means of the said combustion and fuel chambers, Q, H, and P.

Atmospheric air from the room where said stove is used, may be admitted into the said radiating chamber, at or near the lower part ofthe same, and passing up Ward in the said chamber, alongthe side of, and in contact with the said inner cylinder E, will become heated, and then and thereafter returned in said room, at 'the upper partof the said radiator or radiating chamber S,- by some suitable opening therein con structed and arranged, and which may be done by means of suitably constructed slides, or dampcrs, or valves.

' 'The said stove, furnace, or heater, may of course be constructed of any' capacity required or desired.

'lhe said register or damper, at the top of the said upper combustion chamber P, may be of any form, shape, or capacity in any case required, and above and around the samemay be arranged some suitable orma nient or design.

As muc-hof said stove, fumace, or heater as possible may be constructed of cast iron, and the remainder f good and substantial sheet iron, save that part made of lire-brick, when found necessaryto use lire brick.

The whole structure may, of course, be suitably orualneuted by suitabiedesigns,' ctc. Whe-lathe tire is made in the stove, and the draught-holes' a a in the damper B in the l'iontcf thebase A, open, the smoke and escaping products of combustion pass out through l .J, the ldamper K being open, and the draught cpenh ings in the cover or top of the-stove being closed, substantially as aforesaid.

rliiie lower part of the 'saidjbase A is not much the said openings or damper, in said cover or top'of the stove, thrown open to any desired capacityfor admission of the air.

It will then he seen that the heat, smoke, andv the heated products of combustion remaining. unconsumed, will pass downward into the front chamber of the base A, thoroughly heating the same, while the process of combustion goes on therein in the manner substantially as aforesaid.

The afbresaid dampers are each and ail when desired, by a suitable connecting rod combined therewith.

The ent-ire height of the stove, furnace, or heater above the said base A, is usually divided into three equalparts.

The fuel and fire chamber H will generally occupy about one-'third of such height, and is placed in the centre, between the'said upper and lower combustion chambers, that is to say, P and Q, substantially as shown at -the said figs. l, 2, and 3, but the said upper combustion chamber 1 may be of greater capacity than that of said lower combustion chamber Q, if deemed best so to do. The said lower chamber Q may communicate with the said chamber o in the base, A,- in or by any suitable means or manner. The saidlower combustion chamberQ may extend downward into the said base, A, or chamber otherein, and then have upon its lower end a damper, to be used in the place and stead of the said partition plate B, and

1 damper thereinLand the operation will then be substantially the same 'as when the said vertical partition plate B, with damper 'therein,is used in the manner and for the purposes aforesaid.

The said dre grate G may or may not he a dumping grate. The usual hre-grate may be used, which will both vibrate or shake and dump.

The said fuel chamber H may be supported between said upper and lower chambers, l? and Q, of combustion, in any good and convenient manner, and by any suitable mechanical means, which will ofcourse sup-1 port the fire brick and fire grate in their proper place and condition. y ..51

Stoves, furnaces, or heaters constructed upon Vthe plan, principle, and containing the features herein lset forth, are cheap, durabie, and certain; .eicieut fin operation, as well as economical in thev use of fuel,

Havingthus described the nature,- construct-ion, and operation of the'original inventionland improvements in stoves, furnaces, and heaters made by ELIZABETH Hawks, and to me assigned, as aforesaid,

What li claim as her invention and improvements, is

l. The base, A, constructed substantially as herein described vand lset forth, with a partition, B, or any equivalent therefor, thereby dividing said base into two chambers, which partition is provided with suitable openings or apertures, b b, and. with the slides or damper Il, substantially as and for the Apurposes herein described and set forth.

2. The arrangement of the outer, or surrounding cylinder, D, and of. the inner cylinder, E, when used in combination with vertical partition plates F, where-- by a i'lue space, or chamber, M, is formed furthe pas.-

sage ofthe smoke, and also for the passage and con sumption of any escaping uuc'onsnmed `gases or products of combustion, and which also form a radiating cham ber, S, in the front of auch rear vertical chamber M, in the manner substantially as herein described and set the hole in the inuercylinder, and through the-pipe I forth.

operated,

3. The'cemhinaton of the hase chamber b with the intermediate combustion ehember Q and with the rear base chamber N, by the means of the partition' B, having therein the demperLl er any other equivalent therefor, the whole being arranged and operated in the manner snbsilantieiy es herein deseribed and set forth.

4. The downward-draught demper I, constructed and arranged upon' the iep of the inner cylinder, E,

when used in .combination with the upper combustionehamber, P, wiish the fnei cheminer H, lower or inter mediate eonibustion ehemner 2, the ehnmher o in the front of the bese, A, lower and bese damper L, the rear chamber N in the rear @are of the base, A, and with the rear veriw chamber M, eeen operating in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described and set forth.

5. The errengemenis and eomhination of the-cylinders D and E and the upright. piates F F, thereby forming a. ue (ii-,chamber for the passage of any eseaping products of combustion from the consuming fuehanil also, and thus, and thereby forming in the front of such fine or chamber, and between said eylinders, a hot-nir chamber for the india-nien of the heet, in the manner substantially es herein described and set forth.

6. The double and sliding dempers L'IL, when eonstx-noted, combined, lanni operated in e s'tove, furnace, or heater, in the manner and for the purposes substantiniiy es herein described and sei; forth.'

In testimony whereof, I hn,veon this 20th day nf.

January, A. D. 1869, herenntn sei; my hand, in the presence of two witnesses. f

` WM. E. MARSTON. Witnesses:

#MARCUS I. Nomen,

R. H. REI. LLE.

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