USRE34028E - Alumina-zirconia ceramic - Google Patents
Alumina-zirconia ceramic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE34028E USRE34028E US07/583,663 US58366390A USRE34028E US RE34028 E USRE34028 E US RE34028E US 58366390 A US58366390 A US 58366390A US RE34028 E USRE34028 E US RE34028E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- zro
- ceramic
- particulate
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
- C04B35/6316—Binders based on silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
Definitions
- percent and parts refer to percent and parts by weight, unless otherwise indicated; g means gram or grams; cm means centimeter or centimeters; and MPa means 10 6 Pascals.
- This invention relates to an alumina ceramic containing a small, strengthening addition of zirconia; the ceramic is one which can be produced by a method that lends itself to mass production.
- the data relate to alumina ceramics and to ceramics composed of alumina and up to 30 percent by volume of ZrO 2 produced by hot pressing at 1500-1600 and 35 MPa (about 5075 pounds per square inch).
- the data presented indicate the alumina-zirconia ceramics to have outstanding thermal shock properties.
- Another journal article, J.Am.Cer.Soc., .[.61.]. .Iadd.Vol. 61.Iaddend., No. 12, pp. 85, 86, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,253, are illustrative of the prior art relating to the production of such ceramics by sintering.
- the patent discloses (Example 1) the production of an .[.aluminazirconia.].
- .Iadd.alumina-zirconia.Iaddend.ceramic from aluminum oxide powder (average particle size 5 microns) and monoclinic zirconium oxide powder (average particle size 1 micron).
- the process involves wet mixing the two powders, drying and granulating the mixture, isostatically pressing a shape from the granules, and sintering the shape at 1600 for one hour.
- the journal article discloses a similar process, including sintering at 1500 and 1600, but is silent as to particle size, disclosing only that "composites with a very fine and homogeneous dispersion" were achieved "by a wet-chemical method, starting from a zirconium sulfate-aluminum sulfate solution.”
- hot pressing alumina-zirconia ceramics at 1500-1600 and 35 MPa is a costly procedure, that even sintering at 1600 is costly, and that alumina produced by a wet chemical method from a zirconium sulfate-aluminum sulfate solution is a costly starting material.
- the ceramics produced by the method of the subject references, and all other alumina-zirconia ceramics that have been suggested by the known prior art are costly and have found only limited commercial use, for example as tool bits.
- Japanese patent application No. 53-126008, Nov. 2, 1978 discloses the production of what has been translated as an "aluminum ceramic" having improved thermal shock resistance by pressing discs from ceramic batches and firing to 1065°. Batches containing 94 to 96 parts by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 1 to 2 parts by weight of CaO, 1 part by weight of MgO, 2 to 3 parts by weight of SiO 2 , up to 2 parts by weight of Cr 2 O 3 and up to 10 parts by weight of ZrO 2 are disclosed.
- the present inventor discovered a ceramic composed of a mixture of particulate Al 2 O 3 , particulate ZrO 2 and glass bonding the Al 2 O 3 and the ZrO 2 into a dense, gas impervious structure, and also found that all or any part of the particulate .[.ZrO 2 in.]. .Iadd.ZrO 2 in .Iaddend.such ceramics can be replaced by particulate HfO 2 or by a solid solution of HfO 2 and ZrO 2 , in particulate form, as well as that Y 2 O 3 can advantageously be present to stabilize at least a part of the ZrO 2 , the HfO 2 or the ZrO 2 -HfO 2 solid solution in a cubic crystalline structure.
- the glass constitutes from 1 to 15 percent of such ceramics, while particulate Al 2 O 3 constitutes from 75 to 85 percent, based upon the weight of the ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 .
- "Manning" U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,852 is directed to this discovery.
- the instant invention is based upon the discovery of a ceramic which consists essentially of from 1 to 15 percent of glass and from 99 to 85 percent of a mixture of particulate Al 2 O 3 and particulate ZrO 2 in which particulate ZrO 2 is present in a sufficient amount, usually from 1/4 to 6 percent based on the weight of the ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , to strengthen the ceramic significantly, by comparison with an otherwise identical ceramic where the particulate ZrO 2 is replaced either by the glass or by particulate Al 2 O 3 .
- the particulates should have an ultimate particle size finer than 15 microns.
- the glass constitutes a vitreous phase bonding the particulates into a dense, gas impervious structure and, preferably, is a calcium magnesium silicate glass containing from 45 to 80 percent of SiO 2 , from 8 to 55 percent of CaO and MgO, and not more than 15 percent of Al 2 O 3 .
- the glass constitutes from 3 to 12 percent of the ceramic, most desirably from 5 to 12 percent. Available data indicate that a large increase in strength is achieved when .[.larger.].
- ZrO 2 is an expensive constituent of ceramics of the type in question, it is desirable to minimize the quantity used. Accordingly, ZrO 2 preferably constitutes from 1/4 to 4 percent, most desirably from 1/2 to 11/2 percent, based upon the weight of the Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 therein, in a ceramic according to the instant invention. In fact, the greatest benefit from the expensive batch ingredient is achieved when ZrO 2 , on the indicated basis, ranges from 1/2 to less than 1 percent.
- a ceramic according to the invention consists essentially of particulate Al 2 O 3 , particulate ZrO 2 and glass, but, in accordance with recognized meaning of the recitation, may contain HfO 2 , Y 2 O 3 or other incidental ingredients so long as they do not interfere with the strengthening that is achieved because of the presence of ZrO 2 .
- Example 2 constitutes the best mode presently contemplated by the invention.
- a ceramic batch composed of 0.84 part of ZrO 2 , 82.79 parts of Al 2 O 3 , 16.07 parts of clays and other fluxes and 0.30 part sodium lignosulfonate was wet milled for 8 hours, 70 percent solids in water, in a 17-liter mill jar. The resulting batch was spray dried. The spray dried batch was then pressed isostatically at about 5500 psi.
- the ZrO 2 used as described above in Example 1 is commercially available from TAM Ceramics, Inc. under the trade designation "Zirox 360". It consists of ZrO 2 , 1 to 3 percent of HfO 2 , assay, ZrO 2 at least 98.5 percent, and incidental impurities. A sample from the shipment from which ZrO 2 was used as described herein was found to have a median particle diameter of 9.71 microns and a specific surface area of 0.97 m 2 /cm 3 .
- Example 1 The Al 2 O 3 used as described above in Example 1 is commercially available from Aluminum Company of America under the designation A-10 alumina. Substantially all of the material is minus 10 microns in ultimate particle size, the median ultimate particle size being 8 microns; the material is agglomerated, however, so that it has the following size characteristics relative to screens of the U.S. Sieve Series:
- the material consists of Al 2 O 3 , assay 99.5 percent, and incidental impurities.
- the sodium lignosulfonate used as described above in Example 1 is a water soluble dispersing agent which is commercially available from American Can Company under the designation "MARASPERSE”.
- the clays and other fluxes used as described above in Example 1 contain SiO 2 , MgO, CaO and Al 2 O 3 in such proportions that the fired insulator contained 89.44 percent of Al 2 O 3 , 0.86 percent of ZrO 2 , 7.02 percent of SiO 2 , 1.56 percent of MgO, 0.71 percent of CaO and 0.41 percent of incidental impurities.
- a minor amount of the Al 2 O 3 was dissolved in a glass which also contained the SiO 2 , the MgO and the CaO. The glass constituted about 10 percent of the fired insulator.
- the precise amount of Al 2 O 3 dissolved in the glass was not determined but, on the basis of available phase data, it was estimated that Al 2 O 3 constituted less than 5 percent of the glass.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated to produce insulators from different ceramic batch compositions.
- the compositions of the ceramic batches in parts and the mean Charpy Impact Strengths are given in the following table:
- Insulators were also produced from other ceramic batch compositions using substantially the procedure of Example 1, the only differences being that the batches were milled in 7-liter mill jars, 70 percent solids in water, for 10 hours; and 0.39 part ammonium polyelectrolyte dispersant was used in place of the sodium lignosulfonate.
- the compositions of the ceramic batches in parts and the mean Charpy Impact Strengths are given in the following table:
- Insulators were also produced from other ceramic batch compositions using substantially the procedure of Example 1, the only differences being that the batches were milled in 7-liter mill jars, 72 percent solids in water, for 91/2 hours.
- Control insulators were produced from a batch composed of 83.24 parts of Al 2 O 3 , 15.98 parts of clays and other fluxes, 0.25 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 0.53 part of ammonium polyelectrolyte dispersant, while test insulators were produced from batches composed of 82.75 parts of Al 2 O 3 , 15.98 parts of clays and other fluxes, 0.25 part of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.53 part of ammonium polyelectrolyte dispersant and 0.49 part of various grades of zirconia.
- Grade "SC-101" of zirconia is commercially available From Magnesium Elektron. It was found to have a median particle diameter of 4.14 microns and a specific surface area of 1.47 m 2 /cm 3 . It consists of ZrO 2 , 1-3 percent of HfO 2 , assay, ZrO 2 and HfO 2 at least 98.5 percent, and incidental impurities.
- Grade "Zirox Tr” of zirconia is commercially available from TAM Ceramics, Inc. It was found to have a median particle diameter of 3.43 microns and a specific surface area of 1.49 m 2 /cm 3 . It consists of ZrO 2 , 1-3 percent of HfO 2 , assay ZrO 2 and HfO 2 at least 98.5 percent, and incidental impurities.
- Grade "HSY-3" of zirconia is commercially available from Daiichi Kigenso. It was found to have a median particle diameter of 3.37 microns and a specific surface area of 1.67 m 2 /cm 3 . It consists of ZrO 2 , 1-3 percent of HfO 2 , assay, ZrO 2 and HfO 2 at least 93.1 percent, 5.4 percent of Y 2 O 3 , and incidental impurities.
- Grade "DK-1" of zirconia is commercially available from Daiichi Kigenso. It was found to have a median particle diameter of 3.37 microns and a specific surface area of 1.76 m 2 /cm 3 . It consists of ZrO 2 , 1-3 percent of HfO 2 , assay ZrO 2 and HfO 2 at least 98.5 percent, and incidental impurities.
- Insulators having a nominal 92 percent Al 2 O 3 content, and containing varying amounts of ZrO 2 were also produced using substantially the procedure of Example 1, the only differences being that a different grade of Al 2 O 3 was used and that the batch was milled in 7-liter mill jars, 72 percent solids in water, for 101/2 hours.
- Typical batch compositions, Charpy Impact Strengths and densities are given in the following table:
- the Al 2 O 3 used in the batches of the previous table was obtained from Aluminum Company of America under the grade designation A-121. Substantially all of the material is minus 5 microns in ultimate particle size; the material is agglomerated, however, so that it has the following size characteristics relative to screens of the U.S. Sieve Series:
- the material consists of Al 2 O 3 , assay 99.5 percent, and incidental impurities.
Abstract
Description
______________________________________ Control Example 2 Example 3 ______________________________________ ZrO.sub.2 0.00 0.42 1.26 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 83.63 83.21 82.37 Clays and 16.07 16.07 16.07 other fluxes Sodium 0.30 0.30 0.30 lignosulfonate Charpy Impact 1.07 1.82 1.82 Strength, footpounds, × 10.sup.3 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Con- Example Example Example Example trol 4 5 6 7 ______________________________________ ZrO.sub.2 0.00 0.84 1.67 2.50 4.18 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 83.55 82.71 81.88 81.05 79.37 Clays and 16.06 16.06 16.06 16.06 16.06 other fluxes Ammonium 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 poly-electrolyte dispersant Charpy Impact 1.824 2.448 2.309 2.040 2.063 Strength, foot- pounds, × 10.sup.3 ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ Example Example Example Example Example Control 8 9 10 11 12 __________________________________________________________________________ Zirconia Grade -- "Zirox 360" "SC-101" "Zirox Tr" "HSY-3" "DK-1" Charpy Impact 1.140 1.940 1.750 2.010 1.760 1.690 Strength Fired Bulk 3.524 3.569 3.571 3.571 3.575 3.571 Density Cantilever 465 534 505 503 526 543 Breaking Load __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ Percent of Added ZrO.sub.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 ______________________________________ Example 2 70 Example 8 70 Example 9 54 Example 10 76 Example 11 54 Example 12 48 Example 1 57 Example 4 34 Example 3 70 Example 5 27 Example 6 12 Example 7 13 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Con- Example Example Example Example trol 13 14 15 16 ______________________________________ ZrO.sub.2 0.00 0.25 0.49 0.73 0.97 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 87.49 87.49 87.49 87.49 87.49 Clays and 11.73 11.48 11.24 11.00 10.76 other fluxes Sodium 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 lignosulfonate Ammonium 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 polyelectrolyte dispersant Charpy Impact 1.32 1.70 1.94 1.96 1.84 Strength, foot- pounds × 10.sup.3 Fired Bulk 3.616 3.634 3.642 3.644 3.651 Density, g/cm.sup.3 ______________________________________
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/583,663 USRE34028E (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1990-09-17 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/893,609 US4751207A (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-06 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
US07/204,597 US4879260A (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1988-06-08 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
US07/583,663 USRE34028E (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1990-09-17 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/893,609 Continuation-In-Part US4751207A (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1986-08-06 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
US07/204,597 Reissue US4879260A (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1988-06-08 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE34028E true USRE34028E (en) | 1992-08-11 |
Family
ID=27394677
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/583,663 Expired - Lifetime USRE34028E (en) | 1986-08-06 | 1990-09-17 | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USRE34028E (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5726110A (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Zirconia-alumina ceramic article |
US20050110382A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-26 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20070123412A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2007-05-31 | Walker William J Jr | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20110077141A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2011-03-31 | Walker William J | Alumina ceramic for spark plug insulator |
US8679995B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2014-03-25 | Superior Technical Ceramics Corporation | Addition of magnesium oxide to zirconia toughened alumina |
Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3167438A (en) * | 1962-08-13 | 1965-01-26 | Gen Electric | Ceramic articles and methods of making |
US3360203A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1967-12-26 | Edward J Smoke | Prereacted raw materials technique for attaining high quality ceramics |
US3615763A (en) * | 1969-06-04 | 1971-10-26 | Gen Motors Corp | High-alumina ceramic body and method of making same |
US3761295A (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1973-09-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Directionally solidified refractory oxide eutectic |
US3930874A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1976-01-06 | Corning Glass Works | Bonded fused grain basic refractory and batch therefor |
DE2447787A1 (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-04-15 | Kyoto Ceramic | Fired alumina ceramics for bone implants - contg. zirconia, titanis or yttria, giving high X-ray absorption and stability |
JPS53126008A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-11-02 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for making alumina ceramics |
US4155124A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1979-05-22 | Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd. | Burnt ceramic bone implant |
US4218253A (en) * | 1977-10-05 | 1980-08-19 | Feldmuhle Aktiengesellschaft | Sintered ceramic material of improved ductility |
US4221650A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1980-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Solid electrolyte oxygen sensors |
US4279654A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1981-07-21 | The Foundation: The Research Institute For Special Inorganic Materials | Process for production of crystallized glass and process for producing composite article using said crystallized glass |
US4313900A (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1982-02-02 | International Business Machines Corp. | Method of forming a ceramic article with a glassy surface |
US4316964A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-02-23 | Rockwell International Corporation | Al2 O3 /ZrO2 ceramic |
US4331773A (en) * | 1980-12-21 | 1982-05-25 | Nihon Tokushurozai Kabushiki Kaisha | Refractory composition |
US4419311A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1983-12-06 | Nils Claussen | Production of high-strength ceramic bodies of alumina and unstabilized zirconia with controlled microfissures |
US4421861A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1983-12-20 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | High-strength and temperature-change resistant ceramic formed body, especially of mullite, its production and use |
US4552852A (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1985-11-12 | Champion Spark Plug Company | Alumina ceramic comprising a siliceous binder and at least one of zirconia and hafnia |
US4751207A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-06-14 | Champion Spark Plug Company | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
US4879260A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-11-07 | Champion Spark Plug | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
-
1990
- 1990-09-17 US US07/583,663 patent/USRE34028E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3167438A (en) * | 1962-08-13 | 1965-01-26 | Gen Electric | Ceramic articles and methods of making |
US3360203A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1967-12-26 | Edward J Smoke | Prereacted raw materials technique for attaining high quality ceramics |
US3615763A (en) * | 1969-06-04 | 1971-10-26 | Gen Motors Corp | High-alumina ceramic body and method of making same |
US3761295A (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1973-09-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Directionally solidified refractory oxide eutectic |
US3930874A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1976-01-06 | Corning Glass Works | Bonded fused grain basic refractory and batch therefor |
DE2447787A1 (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-04-15 | Kyoto Ceramic | Fired alumina ceramics for bone implants - contg. zirconia, titanis or yttria, giving high X-ray absorption and stability |
US4155124A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1979-05-22 | Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd. | Burnt ceramic bone implant |
US4419311A (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1983-12-06 | Nils Claussen | Production of high-strength ceramic bodies of alumina and unstabilized zirconia with controlled microfissures |
JPS53126008A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-11-02 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for making alumina ceramics |
US4218253A (en) * | 1977-10-05 | 1980-08-19 | Feldmuhle Aktiengesellschaft | Sintered ceramic material of improved ductility |
US4221650A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1980-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Solid electrolyte oxygen sensors |
US4279654A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1981-07-21 | The Foundation: The Research Institute For Special Inorganic Materials | Process for production of crystallized glass and process for producing composite article using said crystallized glass |
US4421861A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1983-12-20 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | High-strength and temperature-change resistant ceramic formed body, especially of mullite, its production and use |
US4313900A (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1982-02-02 | International Business Machines Corp. | Method of forming a ceramic article with a glassy surface |
US4316964A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-02-23 | Rockwell International Corporation | Al2 O3 /ZrO2 ceramic |
US4331773A (en) * | 1980-12-21 | 1982-05-25 | Nihon Tokushurozai Kabushiki Kaisha | Refractory composition |
US4552852A (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1985-11-12 | Champion Spark Plug Company | Alumina ceramic comprising a siliceous binder and at least one of zirconia and hafnia |
US4751207A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-06-14 | Champion Spark Plug Company | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
US4879260A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-11-07 | Champion Spark Plug | Alumina-zirconia ceramic |
Non-Patent Citations (11)
Title |
---|
Chemical Abstract, vol. 90, No. 16, Apr. 1979, (90:126363X). * |
Commun. of the Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 65, pp. C 206 C 207, 1982. * |
Commun. of the Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 65, pp. C-206-C-207, 1982. |
J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 59, pp. 49 51, 1976. * |
J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 59, pp. 49-51, 1976. |
J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 61, pp. 85 86, 1978. * |
J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 61, pp. 85-86, 1978. |
S. R. Witek & E. P. Butler, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 4, No. 11 (Nov., 1985) pp. 1412 1414. * |
S. R. Witek & E. P. Butler, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 4, No. 11 (Nov., 1985) pp. 1412-1414. |
S. R. Witek & E. P. Butler, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 69(7) (1986) pp. 523 529. * |
S. R. Witek & E. P. Butler, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 69(7) (1986) pp. 523-529. |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5726110A (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Zirconia-alumina ceramic article |
US7858547B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2010-12-28 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US7169723B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2007-01-30 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20070123412A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2007-05-31 | Walker William J Jr | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20080143229A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2008-06-19 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Spark Plug Having a Ceramic Insulator with Improved High Temperature Electrical Properties |
US7799717B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2010-09-21 | Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Spark plug having a ceramic insulator with improved high temperature electrical properties |
US20050110382A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-26 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20110177932A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2011-07-21 | Walker Jr William John | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US8012898B2 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2011-09-06 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc | Ceramic with improved high temperature electrical properties for use as a spark plug insulator |
US20110077141A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2011-03-31 | Walker William J | Alumina ceramic for spark plug insulator |
US8614542B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2013-12-24 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Alumina ceramic for spark plug insulator |
US8679995B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2014-03-25 | Superior Technical Ceramics Corporation | Addition of magnesium oxide to zirconia toughened alumina |
US9040440B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2015-05-26 | Superior Technical Ceramics Corporation | Method of toughening alumina |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4552852A (en) | Alumina ceramic comprising a siliceous binder and at least one of zirconia and hafnia | |
US4751207A (en) | Alumina-zirconia ceramic | |
EP0279102B1 (en) | Transformation toughened zirconia-titania-yttria ceramic alloys | |
US5008221A (en) | High toughness ceramic alloys | |
US4879260A (en) | Alumina-zirconia ceramic | |
EP0199459B1 (en) | High toughness ceramic alloys | |
JPH0413314B2 (en) | ||
US4640902A (en) | Low thermal conductivity Si3 N4 /ZrO2 composite ceramics | |
JPH04228471A (en) | Sintered ceramic material based on aluminum titanate, preparation thereof and use thereof | |
US5950937A (en) | Alumina-zirconia sintered body, production thereof, and impact grinder using said alumina-zirconia sintered body | |
JPS649266B2 (en) | ||
EP0268721B2 (en) | Pulverulent silicon nitride composition reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers and its use for the manufacturing of sintered parts | |
US4690911A (en) | Zirconia ceramics and process for producing the same | |
US4774209A (en) | Mullite ceramic whisker composite article exhibiting high-temperature strength | |
EP0300716B1 (en) | Alumina-zirconia ceramic | |
US5183610A (en) | Alumina-zirconia ceramic | |
JP3009705B2 (en) | Chromium oxide refractories with improved thermal shock resistance | |
US4425141A (en) | Composite ceramic cutting tool | |
USRE34028E (en) | Alumina-zirconia ceramic | |
EP0276913A2 (en) | Mullite ceramic whisker composite article exhibiting high-temperature strength | |
JPH11500994A (en) | Corundum porcelain, method of manufacturing corundum porcelain, and use of corundum porcelain | |
GB2203141A (en) | Ceramic materials containing aluminium titanate | |
JPS6265976A (en) | Silicon iodide sintered body and its production | |
JPH07109175A (en) | Composite ceramic material used in industrial application under high temperature and severe thermal shock condition and production thereof | |
US5279779A (en) | High alumina insulating refractory product and method for making same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment | ||
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS TRUSTEE, DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC. (MI CORPORATION);REEL/FRAME:011571/0001 Effective date: 20001229 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY, MICHIGAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CHAMPION SPARK PLUG COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011796/0310 Effective date: 19981029 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AVIATION ACQUISITION CORPORATION, OHIO Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNORS:FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLDWIDE, INC.;FEDERAL-MOGUL IGNITION COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:012199/0637 Effective date: 20010531 Owner name: CHAMPION AEROSPACE INC., SOUTH CAROLINA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:AVIATION ACQUISITION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:012199/0601 Effective date: 20010601 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHAMPION AEROSPACE LLC, SOUTH CAROLINA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CHAMPION AEROSPACE INC.;REEL/FRAME:019754/0258 Effective date: 20070625 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLDWIDE, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 011571/0001 AND 011466/0001;ASSIGNOR:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS TRUSTEE;REEL/FRAME:020299/0377 Effective date: 20071217 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A. AS COLLATERAL TRUSTEE, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FEDERAL-MOGUL WORLD WIDE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020431/0075 Effective date: 20071227 |