USRE32545E - Magnetic domain logic device - Google Patents

Magnetic domain logic device Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE32545E
USRE32545E US05/844,109 US84410977A USRE32545E US RE32545 E USRE32545 E US RE32545E US 84410977 A US84410977 A US 84410977A US RE32545 E USRE32545 E US RE32545E
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Prior art keywords
plate
domains
domain
magnetic
bubble
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/844,109
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English (en)
Inventor
Jan W. F. Dorleijn
Willem F. Druyvesteyn
Frederik A. de Jonge
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/02—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components
    • H03K19/16—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using saturable magnetic devices
    • H03K19/168—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using saturable magnetic devices using thin-film devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D9/00—Diffusion development apparatus
    • G03D9/02—Diffusion development apparatus using rupturable ampoules of liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
    • G11C19/02—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements
    • G11C19/08—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure
    • G11C19/0808—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation
    • G11C19/0833—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using magnetic elements using thin films in plane structure using magnetic domain propagation using magnetic domain interaction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic device comprising a first plate of a magnetic material in which at least one domain can be present.
  • the said plate has a preferred magnetization direction which extends transverse to the plane of the plate.
  • the rare-earth and yttriumorthoferrites are examples of materials which are suitable for this purpose.
  • a said domain is an area in the plate which, if a field is applied transverse to the plate, has a magnetization which is opposed to the direction of the applied field.
  • such a domain can have different shapes such as a circular or annular, strip-like etc. section.
  • the magnetic device according to the invention is characterized in that a second plate of magnetic material in which a domain can be present is provided, at least the projection of said second plate covering at least part of the first plate, an interaction force occurring between at least one domain in the first and one domain in the second plate. Consequently, this means that according to the invention domains influence each other; it must be emphasized that these domains are situated in different plates of magnetic material.
  • the plates will generally be arranged to be parallel with respect to each other so as to ensure that the interaction between a domain in a first plate and a domain which is present in a second plate directly thereabove or therebelow, is independent of the position of the domains in the plate.
  • This principle of influencing can be used in a wide field of applications. This influencing can be used particularly advantageously in magnetic devices in which domains are to be displaced.
  • a magnetic device of the kind set forth in which a domain guiding structure is provided for displacing domains in the first plate according to a given trajectory according to the invention is characterized in that said second plate serves to create stable positions for domains in the first plate by means of domains situated in the second plate.
  • said second plate serves to create stable positions for domains in the first plate by means of domains situated in the second plate.
  • a further possibility of application of the principle of the invention for the displacement of domains is offered by a magnetic device which is characterized in that a domain guiding structure is provided in the second plate for displacement of domains according to a given trajectory, these displaceable domains in the second plate defining displaceable stable domain positions in the first plate.
  • a magnetic device of this kind offers a very interesting and simple method of displacing domains.
  • the first plate, or first plates since there can be more than one, can contain information which can be stationary and displaceable, without a domain guiding structure and, for example, rotary or varying fields being required for this purpose.
  • This is achieved by the presence of the said second plate according to the invention in which the said domain guiding structure is present and in which the domains, arranged according to the trajectory of this structure, define stable domain positions in the first plate (plates). If the domains in the second plate are displaced, the corresponding domains in the first plate (plates) are taken along.
  • a further embodiment according to the invention is characterized in that the second plate is completely filled with domains along a guiding structure, domains in the second plate being displaced via means which exert a "pull-push" force on the domains, the displacement of domains in the first plate being determined by said displacement of the domains in the second plate.
  • the domain guiding structure can consist of a continuous strip of permalloy along which the domains travel, the domains being subjected to an external pull-push force which is generated, for example, by current pulses in wire loops which are provided at only one or at a few locations on the plate, their displacement also being stimulated by their mutual repulsion.
  • domain guiding structures are present for displacing domains in the first plate along given trajectories as well as for displacing domains in the second plate according to a given trajectory, a displacement of a domain in the second plate causing and controlling a displacement of domains according to one of the trajects in the first plate.
  • a magnetic device in which a structure for domain guiding is provided on at least one of the plates, consequently, is characterized in that said first and second plate are displaceable with respect to each other, a domain being displaceable in the direction of such a guiding structure as a result of a dimensional variation of the domain.
  • the embodiments according to the invention are not restricted to configurations comprising only a single first and second plate, but there can also be a plurality of first and/or second plates of magnetic material in which domains can be present. It is also to be noted that the thicknesses of the plates may differ. A second plate preferably has a thickness which exceeds that of a first plate. This is due to the fact that the stabilizing effect provided by such a second plate is greater in that case, so that a plurality of first plates can benefit therefrom. The same can be noted with respect to the distance between a first and a second plate. In given cases this distance will be equal to 0.
  • FIG. 1 shows a domain in a first and in a second magnetic plate according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the arrangement of FIG. 1,
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show magnetic devices according to the invention, comprising a domain guiding structure both for a first and for a second plate,
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of plates according to the invention which are displaceable with respect to each other, a domain guiding structure being provided for at least one of the plates.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3f show a number of different feasible domain shapes in plates 1 and 2.
  • the interaction occurs between domains which can have any shape feasible for domains. In all cases shown a force of attraction exists between oppositely arranged domains.
  • FIG. 3a shows a so-termed annular or hollow domain 6 and 7 in plate 1 and in plate 2, respectively, these domains being shown in a partly sectional view. The interaction also occurs between different kinds of domains in the two plates.
  • FIG. 3b shows, by way of example, an annular domain 6 in plate 1 and a domain 4 having a circular section (according to FIG. 1) in plate 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, an annular domain 6 in plate 1 and a domain 4 having a circular section (according to FIG. 1) in plate 2.
  • FIG. 3f shows another example of a strip-like domain 8 in a plate 2. This does not result in one but two stable domain positions in plate 1, i.e. in this configuration at the area where domains 3 and 3' are situated. As a result of the interaction, the stip-like domain 8 broadens somewhat at its ends.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show examples of a plurality of domains in a plurality of plates 1 and 2.
  • the thicknesses of the plates are different, by way of example.
  • plate 2 is thicker than the plates 1,1', 1", 1'" and 1"" (FIG. 4b).
  • FIG. 4a the plate 1 has domains 10 where domains 20 are provided in plate 2.
  • Plate 2 also comprises domains 21 above which there are no domains in plate 1. This can be determined by the information pattern present in plate 1.
  • FIG. 4a the plate 1 has domains 10 where domains 20 are provided in plate 2.
  • Plate 2 also comprises domains 21 above which there are no domains in plate 1. This can be determined by the information pattern present in plate 1.
  • FIG. 4a also shows that the dimensions of domains 20 and 21 in plate 2 differ. This is dependent on whether or not a domain faces a domain 10 in plate 1 so that interaction occurs. This is also visible in FIG. 4b; in plate 2, being thicker than plates 1, 1', 1", 1'" and 1"" and being arranged therebetween, the domain dimensions of domains 20, 21 and 22 are also dependent on the presence or absence of domains 10 in the various plates 1, 1', 1", 1'" and 1"".
  • the FIG. 4b shows that, particularly in the case of a thick plate 2, a number of thinner plates 1 can be "looked after" by such a second plate 2. Consequently, one second plate 2 can create stable domain positions in a plurality of first plates 1 (1', 1", 1'" and 1"").
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b being a sectional view of FIG. 5a along the line A--A
  • a device is shown in which a first plate 51 comprises domains 53 and a second plate 52 comprises domains 54.
  • the first plate 51 comprises structures 55 along which the domains 53 can be transported (see above).
  • the plate 52 serves to define stable domain positions for plate 51.
  • plate 52 is completely filled with domains 54 which are arranged according to a regular pattern. This can be readily achieved by creating a sufficient number of domains in the plate under given conditions, for example, field strength and plate thickness. The modulation of the magnetic field in which the plate is situated can be an aid in achieving this regular pattern.
  • a stable domain position is defined in plate 51 above each domain 54 in plate 52. This means that, independent of small deviations of the domain guiding structures on the plate 51 and also independent of material deviations (isotropic) in plate 51, a properly defined domain pattern of domains 53 can exist in plate 51.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show devices according to the invention in which a first plate 61 comprises domains 63 and a second plate 62 comprises domains 64, FIGS. 6c and 6d showing a feasible section along the line A--A of FIG. 6b.
  • plate 62 has a domain guiding structure 65 which is a closed loop for transporting domains 64 therealong.
  • the structure 65 is completely filled with domains 64 which can circulate together along the loop. It is possible to make the domain guiding structure simply on a permalloy strip (tape-like) and to effect the transport therealong by a pull-push action.
  • the said loops 66 and 67 can also be provided at a plurality of locations along 65.
  • This trajectory 65 completely filled with domains 64, creates, in as far as it is covered by plate 61, displaceable stable domain positions 63 in this plate 61.
  • This displacement will then be effected according to a trajectory 68 (stroke-dot line) which is the projection of traject 65 onto plate 61.
  • Information in the form of domains 63 can then be applied to a point 69 of plate 61.
  • a bit 0 is then, for example, a domain 63, and a bit 1 is the absence of a domain.
  • this information is thus transported on plate 61.
  • FIG. 6b (and 6c which is a sectional view) a slightly modified device is shown.
  • This device comprises domain guiding structures 65' which are arranged in parallel on plate 62.
  • information in the form of "domain present" and "domain absent” (1-bit, 0-bit) is applied to the structure 65' and is transported therealong.
  • the domains 63 will take in positions which result in the same information pattern. Consequently, the information in plate 62 is copied to plate 61. This is advantageous in cases where information is collected in a plate 62, after which it must be applied to one or even more than one second plate in one operation.
  • the magnetic material of plate 61 is quite suitable for displaying the information pattern, for example, by means of light, but not very suitable for transporting the information also in the plate by means of domain displacement means.
  • the material of plate 62 is very suitable for this transport with the aid of displacement means, but not very suitable for the reading out or displaying of the information pattern by means of light, a combination of two of such plates 61 and 62 is useful due to the interaction forces occurring therebetween.
  • a domain pattern can be made visible by using the Faraday effect.
  • a domain causes a rotation of the polarization plane of transmitted light and detection of this rotation results in an image of the domain pattern.
  • the rotation of the polarization plane is large if a plate of magnetic material is cut at right angles to the optical axis instead of cutting such a plate from a crystal at right angles to the preferred direction of the magnetization.
  • the rotation of the polarization plane can thus be a factor 10 3 higher as double refraction no longer occurs upon transmission of light.
  • the behaviour of such a plate, in this case, for example, 61' in FIG. 6c which is obtained by a cut perpendicular to the optical axis is different with regard to domains than that of a plate obtained by a cut perpendicular to the preferred direction of magnetization.
  • the domains 63' will be in a tilted position and will be difficult to displace.
  • a second plate 62' (FIG. 6c) is obtained by a cut perpendicular to the preferred direction of the magnetization and the displacement of domains 64' therein by means of structures 65" imposes no problems
  • the displacement of the domains 63' in plate 61' can be realized by the interaction occurring from plate 62'. This interaction can readily be so large, inter alia by choosing the distance between the plates 61' and 62' to be small and the plate 62' to be thicker, that the taking along of domains 63' in plate 61' by the domain 64' in plate 62' is always ensured.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a device according to the invention in which domain guiding structures are provided for domains in a first as well as for domains in a second plate.
  • a first plate 71 and in this case also another first plate 71', by way of example, has a structure 75, 75', respectively, along which domains 73 can be displaced.
  • Denoted by the reference 76 is a supply/discharge location for domains.
  • a second domain 72 also has a structure, i.e. 77, along which domains 74 can be displaced.
  • the complete structure 77 is occupied with domains, so that it creates stable domain positions for positions along the guide structures 75 and 75' in the plates 71 and 71', respectively, said stable domain positions also being displaceable.
  • a given information pattern is provided or is stored therein. The following can be achieved by means of this configuration: if information is to be transported in plate 1, this can be effected without rotating or varying external fields being necessary.
  • the domain guiding structures 75 and 75' can be simple permalloy strips, special shapes not being necessary. The reason for this is that information in plate 71, arranged in the form of the structure 75, can be taken along by the displaceable domains 74 in plate 72.
  • the complete pattern of stable domain positions is thus capable, as a result of its displaceability in plate 72, of performing a desired transport in the information-carrying plate 71 (71').
  • the displacement of the domains in plate 72 itself can then also be readily effected since the complete filling along a structure 77, which can also consist simply of straight strips of permalloy, makes it possible to transport the domains 74 in plate 72, for example, by generating a domain each time at the beginning (78, for travel in the one direction) of such a structure and by making a domain disappear at the end (78, for travel in the other direction) of such a structure.
  • the complete filling is thus shifted further in its entirety.
  • the plate 72 with a closed transport loop so that always the same shifting domains are used. See the description given with reference to FIG. 6a in view of the guiding trajectory 65 and the push-pull movement for the regular shifting of domains along a trajectory with a complete filling.
  • FIG. 8 shows an interesting example of the application of the interaction between domains in a first plate 81 and a second plate 82.
  • a domain in plate 81 can be transported along a structure 85.
  • the structure branches into two trajectories 85a and 85b.
  • a domain 83 would normally proceed from 85 to 85a (see hereinafter).
  • Plate 82 comprises a domain 84 which is also displaceable, in this case, for example, along a structure 86.
  • a domain 83 in plate 81 can be controlled by means of a domain 84 in plate 82. If domain 84 is in the position shown in FIG. 8, a domain 83 will follow the trajectory 85b instead of the said trajectory 85a. This is due to the fact that interaction occurs between the domains 83 and 84.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate such a branching of structures 85, 85a and 85b, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 shows a T-bar structure along which a domain can be displaced, by means of a field rotating in the plane of the plate 81, along poles which are denoted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, . . . .
  • a domain 83 which is supplied at a will normally proceed from left to right to output a.b. If a domain 84 (shown in broken lines again in FIG. 9) in a plate 82 (not shown, compare FIG. 8) passes the branching point of the drawing from the top downwards, or is, for example, in the position shown, a domain 83 is deflected and arrives on the output which is denoted by a.b. In this manner a switch is created for a series of domains. See further hereinafter.
  • FIG. 10 shows an angelfish structure. Due to a varying field which extends transverse to the plane of a plate 81, a domain will normally travel along 85 to 85a.
  • the element 87 of the structure is somewhat asymmetrical, i.e. a point 87b is smaller than point 87a.
  • a domain will normally move via point 87a, but of a domain is present in the vicinity if point 87b, i.e. in particular not on the side of 87a in a plate 82 (see FIG. 8), this domain will ensure that the domain in plate 81 is transported further in the direction of the structure 85b.
  • FIG. 9 and 10 structures as shown in FIG. 9 and 10 are not necessary if an arrangement is chosen where the plate 81 is arranged between plates 82 and 82'. See FIG. 11.
  • a permalloy conductor 85 (a.b.) already suffice; this conductor need not have a special shape and no varying or rotating field is necessary.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of two plates 111 and 112 according to the invention which are displaceable with respect to each other.
  • Plate 111 is mounted, for example, on a component 115, the displacements of which with respect to a component 116 have to be measured.
  • a domain 113 in plate 111 and a domain 114 in plate 112 influence each other.
  • the dimensions vary in accordance with the variation of the distance d between the plates 111 and 112.
  • a wire loop 117 at the area of domain 114 can serve for conversion of the dimensional variation into an electrical signal. If a permalloy foil is provided at the area of, for example, the domain 114, it is also possible to measure the electrical resistance of the permalloy so as to detect the dimensional variation of the domain which causes the resistance variation.
  • the plate 111 can be put into motion by a variation of the dimensions of the domain 114 by a current variation in, for example, a wire loop 117 and hence by a variation in the interaction force between domains 113 and 114.
  • FIG. 13 shows another example of plates according to the invention which are displaceable with respect to each other.
  • Plates 121 and 122 are displaceable with respect to each other.
  • a domain 123 in plate 121 is displaceable along an angelfish structure which is given by way of example.
  • Plate 122 comprises domains 124 which, by way of example, completely fill the plate 122 (compare plate 52 of FIG. 5).
  • the dimensions of domains 123 (and 124) will vary. Using this dimensional variation, a domain 123 is displaced in this example in the direction of the angelfish structure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
US05/844,109 1971-08-03 1977-10-20 Magnetic domain logic device Expired - Lifetime USRE32545E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7110674 1971-08-03
NL7110674A NL7110674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-03 1971-08-03

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US27715072A Continuation 1971-08-03 1972-08-02
US05/478,575 Reissue US3944842A (en) 1971-08-03 1974-06-12 Magnetic domain logic device

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USRE32545E true USRE32545E (en) 1987-11-17

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US05/844,109 Expired - Lifetime USRE32545E (en) 1971-08-03 1977-10-20 Magnetic domain logic device

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US (1) USRE32545E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5232816B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE787064A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA958806A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2237369C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2148212B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1373298A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7110674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE388065B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760387A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-09-18 Ibm Magnetic bubble domain system using multiple magnetic sheets
US4040038A (en) * 1974-01-02 1977-08-02 International Business Machines Corporation Column accessing of elements in confined arrays
US3996571A (en) * 1974-03-08 1976-12-07 International Business Machines Corporation Double layer bubble domain lattice system
US4052711A (en) * 1974-12-31 1977-10-04 International Business Machines Corporation Bubble lattice file using movable fixed lattice
US6214807B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2001-04-10 Cv Therapeutics, Inc. C-pyrazole 2A A receptor agonists
US6403567B1 (en) 1999-06-22 2002-06-11 Cv Therapeutics, Inc. N-pyrazole A2A adenosine receptor agonists
WO2001062979A2 (en) 2000-02-23 2001-08-30 Cv Therapeutics, Inc. Dentification of partial agonists of the a2a adenosine receptor
US8470801B2 (en) 2002-07-29 2013-06-25 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Myocardial perfusion imaging methods and compositions
US20050020915A1 (en) 2002-07-29 2005-01-27 Cv Therapeutics, Inc. Myocardial perfusion imaging methods and compositions
CN1671399A (zh) 2002-07-29 2005-09-21 Cv医药有限公司 利用a2a受体激动剂的心肌灌注显像
WO2006044856A2 (en) 2004-10-20 2006-04-27 Cv Therapeuitics, Inc. Use of a2a adenosine receptor agonists
EP2581381A3 (en) 2006-02-03 2013-10-30 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Process for preparing an A2A-adenosine receptor agonist and its polymorphs
JP6368572B2 (ja) * 2014-07-25 2018-08-01 新日本無線株式会社 定電流回路

Citations (3)

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US3523286A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-08-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic single wall domain propagation device
US3676872A (en) * 1971-06-21 1972-07-11 Bell Canada Northern Electric Propagation of magnetic bubble domains
US3996571A (en) * 1974-03-08 1976-12-07 International Business Machines Corporation Double layer bubble domain lattice system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3523286A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-08-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetic single wall domain propagation device
US3676872A (en) * 1971-06-21 1972-07-11 Bell Canada Northern Electric Propagation of magnetic bubble domains
US3996571A (en) * 1974-03-08 1976-12-07 International Business Machines Corporation Double layer bubble domain lattice system

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Publication number Publication date
DE2237369B2 (de) 1979-10-04
BE787064A (fr) 1973-02-01
FR2148212B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-06-11
SE388065B (sv) 1976-09-20
JPS5232816B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-24
DE2237369C3 (de) 1980-07-03
JPS4826038A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-05
GB1373298A (en) 1974-11-06
CA958806A (en) 1974-12-03
NL7110674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-06
FR2148212A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-11
DE2237369A1 (de) 1973-02-15

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