USRE32483E - Synergistic herbicidal combination - Google Patents
Synergistic herbicidal combination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE32483E USRE32483E US06/832,115 US83211586A USRE32483E US RE32483 E USRE32483 E US RE32483E US 83211586 A US83211586 A US 83211586A US RE32483 E USRE32483 E US RE32483E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- butam
- napropamide
- synergistic herbicidal
- volunteer
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to a herbicidal combination of two known herbicides, napropamide and butam, each of which is known to be effective for certain purposes, but which combination has been found to possess unexpected synergistic properties.
- Napropamide, 2-( ⁇ -napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide, ##STR1## is a commercial herbicide sold under the registered trademark Devrinol® and is described as a herbicide with both pre-emergence and post-emergence activity in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,480,671, 3,718,455, and 3,998,880, for instance. These patents also contain methods of preparing this compound.
- Butam, N-benzyl-N-isopropylpivalamide, ##STR2## is described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,707,366 and 3,974,218, which contain methods for its preparation.
- the compound is known to be an effective pre-emergence herbicide for controlling annual grassy weeds in certain crops, including soybeans, rapeseed, cotton and others.
- This example demonstrates the synergistic response of combinations of napropamide and butam in combined pre-emergence surface application to a variety of weeds planted in the presence of a rapeseed crop.
- Flats were filled to a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm) with loamy sand soil containing 50 parts per million (ppm) each of a fungicide and 18-18-18 fertilizer.
- Seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napobrassica) and six weed species were planted in individual rows using one species per row across the width of the flat. The seeds were covered with soil.
- the weeds used were annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus).
- the seeds were planted to give about 20 to 50 seedlings per row after emergence, depending on the size of the plants.
- compositions were prepared for testing by weighing out 20 mg. respectively of napropamide and butam, and dissolving each portion in 3 ml. of acetone which contained 1% polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate emulsifying agent. The solution was then sprayed uniformly on the soil in the flat one day after planting the seeds, at application rates ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 pounds per acre (0.28 to 0.56 kg/ha). After treatment the flats were placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 70°-85° F. and watered by sprinkling. Two weeks after treatment the degree of injury or control was determined by comparison of untreated check plants of the same age. The injury rating, on a scale of 0 to 100%, was recorded for each species as percent control, with 0% representing no injury and 100% representing complete kill.
- Y the observed percent injury when the other herbicide is used alone.
- Sprayable solutions containing napropamide and butam were prepared by mixing a wettable powder containing approximately 50 weight % napropamide with an emulsifiable concentrate containing approximately 6 pounds per gallon (0.72 kg per liter) butam, and water. The solution was sprayed on field test plots in various locations in France, West Germany, and Great Britain, at an application rate of 0.75 kg/ha (0.67 lb/acre) napropamide and 1.44 kg/ha (1.28 lb/acre) butam. After spraying, the soil was filled to incorporate the herbicidal mixture, and was then planted with rapeseeds. Other plots at the same locations were similarly treated with napropamide and butam alone, at the same rates before planting, and one plot was left untreated as a check. Tests were conducted during the fall season.
- compositions containing the two herbicides napropamide and butam may be prepared in a number of conventional ways.
- Butam is a colorless oil, insoluble in water but very soluble in ethanol, benzene and toluene, and is commercially marketed in the form of an emusifiable concentrate.
- Napropamide is a solid and is commercially marketed in several forms including granular, wettable powder, and flowable (concentrated aqueous suspension).
- Formulations or compositions for applying the two herbicides in combination may be prepared, for instance, by mixing a wettable powder containing napropamide (50 weight percent) with an emulsifiable concentrate containing butam, in water, to prepare a sprayable solution. The amounts of water, napropamide and butam, are selected so as to provide solutions containing the desired ratio of napropamide to butam and for application at the desired rate.
- a herbicide composition containing napropamide and butam can be prepared from the technical grade herbicides, with suitable adjuvants, and then mixed with water to form a sprayable solution.
- An example of such a composition is:
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A mixture of the herbicides napropamide and butam has been found to exhibit synergistic results, particularly in pre-emergence surface application or pre-plant incorporation, and for controlling weeds in the presence of a rapeseed crop.
Description
This invention relates to a herbicidal combination of two known herbicides, napropamide and butam, each of which is known to be effective for certain purposes, but which combination has been found to possess unexpected synergistic properties.
Napropamide, 2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide, ##STR1## is a commercial herbicide sold under the registered trademark Devrinol® and is described as a herbicide with both pre-emergence and post-emergence activity in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,480,671, 3,718,455, and 3,998,880, for instance. These patents also contain methods of preparing this compound.
Butam, N-benzyl-N-isopropylpivalamide, ##STR2## is described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,707,366 and 3,974,218, which contain methods for its preparation. The compound is known to be an effective pre-emergence herbicide for controlling annual grassy weeds in certain crops, including soybeans, rapeseed, cotton and others.
It has now been found that a combination of napropamide and butam, containing these two substances in a weight ratio respectively of about 2:1 to about 1:2, possesses synergistic activity in controlling weeds, in general, and in the presence of a rapeseed crop. This synergistic activity is exhibited most particularly at application rates of from about 0.25 to about 1.5 pounds per acre (about 0.28 to about 1.68 ha) of either or both compounds.
The following examples demonstrate the synergistic herbicidal response of such compositions.
This example demonstrates the synergistic response of combinations of napropamide and butam in combined pre-emergence surface application to a variety of weeds planted in the presence of a rapeseed crop.
Flats were filled to a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm) with loamy sand soil containing 50 parts per million (ppm) each of a fungicide and 18-18-18 fertilizer. Seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napobrassica) and six weed species were planted in individual rows using one species per row across the width of the flat. The seeds were covered with soil. The weeds used were annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus). The seeds were planted to give about 20 to 50 seedlings per row after emergence, depending on the size of the plants.
Compositions were prepared for testing by weighing out 20 mg. respectively of napropamide and butam, and dissolving each portion in 3 ml. of acetone which contained 1% polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate emulsifying agent. The solution was then sprayed uniformly on the soil in the flat one day after planting the seeds, at application rates ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 pounds per acre (0.28 to 0.56 kg/ha). After treatment the flats were placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 70°-85° F. and watered by sprinkling. Two weeks after treatment the degree of injury or control was determined by comparison of untreated check plants of the same age. The injury rating, on a scale of 0 to 100%, was recorded for each species as percent control, with 0% representing no injury and 100% representing complete kill.
The results of these tests are contained in the following Table I. Under the heading "O" are given the ratings for the compounds applied as observed. Under the heading "E" are provided the expected results for combinations of the two herbicides, based on the response for each herbicide alone, derived from this data using Limpel's formula, namely, ##EQU1## where X=the observed percent injury when one of the herbicides is used alone and
Y=the observed percent injury when the other herbicide is used alone.
This formula is contained in the article "Weed Control by Dimethylchloroterephthalate Alone and in Certain Combinations," Limpel et al., Proc. NEWCC., Vol. 16, pp. 48-53 (1962). When the observed result exceeds the result which would have been expected using this formula, synergism is demonstrated.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
Annual
Barn- Wild
Rape-
rye-
yard
Fox-
Lambs-
Pig-
Buck-
Naprop- seed
grass
grass
tail
quarter
weed
wheat
amide
Butam
O E O E O E O E O E O E O E
__________________________________________________________________________
0.25 -- 0 0 20 0 20 0 0
0.50 -- 0 45 65 50 70 50 30
-- 0.25 0 20 30 20 10 5 0
-- 0.50 0 30 65 20 30 40 0
0.25 0.25 0 0 50
20
80
44
30
20
65
28
50
5
10
0
0.25 0.50 0 0 78
30
90
72
60
20
68
44
40
40
30
0
0.50 0.25 0 0 85
56
85
75
78
60
75
73
55
52
50
30
__________________________________________________________________________
Sprayable solutions containing napropamide and butam were prepared by mixing a wettable powder containing approximately 50 weight % napropamide with an emulsifiable concentrate containing approximately 6 pounds per gallon (0.72 kg per liter) butam, and water. The solution was sprayed on field test plots in various locations in France, West Germany, and Great Britain, at an application rate of 0.75 kg/ha (0.67 lb/acre) napropamide and 1.44 kg/ha (1.28 lb/acre) butam. After spraying, the soil was filled to incorporate the herbicidal mixture, and was then planted with rapeseeds. Other plots at the same locations were similarly treated with napropamide and butam alone, at the same rates before planting, and one plot was left untreated as a check. Tests were conducted during the fall season.
Undesirable vegetation which appeared in the plots included:
France: volunteer barley, volunteer wheat, Alopercurus myosuroides, Matricaria chamomilla, Sinapis arvensis, Veronica persica, Veronica hederaefolia
Germany: volunteer barley, Alopecurus myosuroides, Galium aparine, Lamium amplexicaule, Matricaria chamomilla, Stellaria media, viola arvensis
Great Britain: volunteer barley, Alopecurus myosuroides, Matricaria spp., Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media
Results of these tests are contained in the following Tables II-IV. Control of weeds and phytotoxic effect on crops were determined by visual comparison with the untreated check plots. In all cases, the combination of napropamide and butam resulted in little or no damage to the rapeseed crop.
Synergistic control effects were found in West Germany in volunteer barley and in France of Sinapis arvensis. In a number of the tests, the control of a given weed by one of the two compounds was sufficiently high so as to leave no effective possibility of improvement at the application rates. Limpel's Formula was used as above in determining synergistic activity.
TABLE II
__________________________________________________________________________
FRANCE
Compounds and
Control, %
Application Rates
Volunteer
Volunteer
Alopecurus
Matricaria
Sinapis
Veronica
Veronica
(kg/ha) barley
wheat myosuroides
chamomilla
arvensis
perisca
hedeaefolia
__________________________________________________________________________
Napropamide, 0.75
100 56 95 87 50 90 96
Butam, 1.44
79 79 97 87 0 85 39
Napropamide, 0.75 +
96 79 98 87 76* 86 98
Butam, 1.44
__________________________________________________________________________
*Expected Control 50%
TABLE III
__________________________________________________________________________
WEST GERMANY
Compounds and
Control, %
Application Rates
Volunteer
Alopecurus
Galium
Lamium Matricaria
Stellaria
Viola
(kg/ha) barley
myosuroides
aparine
amplexicaule
chamomilla
media
arvensis
__________________________________________________________________________
Napropamide, 0.75
40 50 20 43 78 71 10
Butam, 1.44
60 50 60 46 61 77 10
Napropamide, 0.75 +
95* 70 40 71 94 93 43**
Butam, 1.44
__________________________________________________________________________
*Expected control 76%
**Expected control 20%
TABLE IV
__________________________________________________________________________
GREAT BRITAIN
Compounds and
Control, %
Application Rate
Volunteer
Alopecurus
Matricaria
Senecio
Stellaria
(kg/ha) barley
myosuroides
spp. vulgaris
media
__________________________________________________________________________
Napropamide, 0.75
25 74 59 87 54
Butam, 1.44
54 79 14 0 60
Napropamide, 0.75+
66 90 66 86 66
Butam, 1.44
__________________________________________________________________________
Compositions containing the two herbicides napropamide and butam may be prepared in a number of conventional ways. Butam is a colorless oil, insoluble in water but very soluble in ethanol, benzene and toluene, and is commercially marketed in the form of an emusifiable concentrate. Napropamide is a solid and is commercially marketed in several forms including granular, wettable powder, and flowable (concentrated aqueous suspension). Formulations or compositions for applying the two herbicides in combination may be prepared, for instance, by mixing a wettable powder containing napropamide (50 weight percent) with an emulsifiable concentrate containing butam, in water, to prepare a sprayable solution. The amounts of water, napropamide and butam, are selected so as to provide solutions containing the desired ratio of napropamide to butam and for application at the desired rate.
Alternatively, a herbicide composition containing napropamide and butam can be prepared from the technical grade herbicides, with suitable adjuvants, and then mixed with water to form a sprayable solution. An example of such a composition is:
______________________________________
Component Weight %
______________________________________
napropamide, technical grade (93% pure)
14.2
butam, technical grade (95% pure)
33.3
1,1,1-trichloroethane 47.6
surfactants 4.9
Total 100.0
______________________________________
Claims (4)
1. A synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a mixture of herbicidally effective amounts of napropamide and butam, in a weight ratio of between about 2:1 and about .[.1:2.]. .Iadd.1:2.4.Iaddend..
2. A composition according to claim 1 in which the weight ratio of napropamide to butam is about 2:1.
3. A composition according to claim 1 in which the weight ratio of napropamide to butam is about 1:1.
4. A composition according to claim 1 in which the weight ratio of napropamide to butam is about 1:2. .Iadd.5. A composition according to claim 1 in which the weight ratio of napropamide to butam is between about 2:1 to about 1:2..Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/832,115 USRE32483E (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1986-02-24 | Synergistic herbicidal combination |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/444,959 US4456472A (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1982-11-29 | Synergistic herbicidal combination |
| US06/832,115 USRE32483E (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1986-02-24 | Synergistic herbicidal combination |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/444,959 Reissue US4456472A (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1982-11-29 | Synergistic herbicidal combination |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE32483E true USRE32483E (en) | 1987-08-25 |
Family
ID=27034124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/832,115 Expired - Fee Related USRE32483E (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1986-02-24 | Synergistic herbicidal combination |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE32483E (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3690865A (en) * | 1970-12-08 | 1972-09-12 | Gulf Research Development Co | Method of combating unwanted vegetation in sugar beet fields |
| US3707366A (en) * | 1970-11-09 | 1972-12-26 | Gulf Research Development Co | Pre-emergent chemical method of combating unwanted vegetation |
| US3718455A (en) * | 1970-07-20 | 1973-02-27 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Method of combatting weeds with {60 -naphthoxy acetamides |
| DE2453912A1 (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-05-22 | Siegfried Ag | WEED KIDS |
| JPS5112925A (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-01-31 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | SENTAKUSEIJOSOZAI |
| US4001004A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1977-01-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Synergistic herbicidal composition for paddy fields |
| US4008069A (en) * | 1972-09-13 | 1977-02-15 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Synergistic weed control composition |
| JPS5428450A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-03-03 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Dehydration treatment method of scum obtained by treating waste water containing oil |
| JPS5428454A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-03-03 | Jiyunkichi Maekawa | Device for biologically treating waste water in rotary contact |
-
1986
- 1986-02-24 US US06/832,115 patent/USRE32483E/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3718455A (en) * | 1970-07-20 | 1973-02-27 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Method of combatting weeds with {60 -naphthoxy acetamides |
| US3707366A (en) * | 1970-11-09 | 1972-12-26 | Gulf Research Development Co | Pre-emergent chemical method of combating unwanted vegetation |
| US3690865A (en) * | 1970-12-08 | 1972-09-12 | Gulf Research Development Co | Method of combating unwanted vegetation in sugar beet fields |
| US4008069A (en) * | 1972-09-13 | 1977-02-15 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Synergistic weed control composition |
| US4001004A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1977-01-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Synergistic herbicidal composition for paddy fields |
| DE2453912A1 (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-05-22 | Siegfried Ag | WEED KIDS |
| JPS5112925A (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-01-31 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | SENTAKUSEIJOSOZAI |
| JPS5428450A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-03-03 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Dehydration treatment method of scum obtained by treating waste water containing oil |
| JPS5428454A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-03-03 | Jiyunkichi Maekawa | Device for biologically treating waste water in rotary contact |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Aggour, Chem. Abst., vol. 96 (1982), 15975c. * |
| Pesticide Manual, 6th Edition (1979), pp. 61 and 378, British Crop Protection Council. * |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY, WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT A Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GROENWOLD, BARELD E.;REEL/FRAME:004566/0675 Effective date: 19860205 |
|
| FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
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| REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
| LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |