USRE31323E - Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents - Google Patents
Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE31323E USRE31323E US06/369,726 US36972682A USRE31323E US RE31323 E USRE31323 E US RE31323E US 36972682 A US36972682 A US 36972682A US RE31323 E USRE31323 E US RE31323E
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carboxymethyl cellulose
- cmc
- percent
- degree
- acid form
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/005—Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
- C08B11/20—Post-etherification treatments of chemical or physical type, e.g. mixed etherification in two steps, including purification
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved method for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) absorbents and, more particularly, to such a method for the production of water-insoluble, partially acid form CMC's which are so useful.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- CMC absorbent material in catamenial devices or other absorbent dressings
- the insolubilized CMC's may be in either the salt form or partially in the acid form, i.e., that a portion, e.g., up to 85%, of the carboxylate groups of the sodium salt are converted to free carboxyl groups.
- a portion, e.g., up to 85%, of the carboxylate groups of the sodium salt are converted to free carboxyl groups.
- Ashton et al, Masci et al, Chatterjee and Kaczmarzyk et al patents, and Reid U.S. Pat. No. 3,379,720, granted Apr. 23, 1968 the proportion of carboxyl groups in the acid form, as a percentage of the carboxylate moieties in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose salt, is termed the degree of acidification (DA) of the particular CMC salt referenced.
- DA degree of acidification
- a principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for the preparation of water-insoluble, acid form CMC materials which may be readily utilized as absorbents for catamenial devices and other absorbent dressings.
- a process for the preparation of substantially water-insoluble, particulate CMC suitable for application as an absorbent material.
- the process involves the direct treatment of a solid water-soluble particulate sodium CMC having a DS value of at least about 0.4 with hydrogen chloride gas, and heating the CMC to convert the same to the desired partially acid form, cross-linked and substantially insolubilized material.
- water-soluble sodium CMC's having DS values of as low as about 0.4, and generally from about 0.5 to 1.2 may be readily insolubilized.
- materials are produced having DA values of up to about 80%. Suitable regulation of the DS values of the materials reacted, and the DA values of the partially acid form materials produced, facilitates the formation of insoluble CMC's which exhibit swell ratios of from as little as 5 to as much as 50, and which demonstrate percent extractables (soluble contents) of less than 40 percent.
- the insolubilized CMC's thus produced when incorporated as absorbents in tampons or other catamenial devices, exhibit characteristics comparable to those of insolubilized CMC materials produced by other techniques, e.g., the successive slurry, isolating, drying and curing operations described in the aforesaid Reid patent.
- use of the process hereof does not require extensive solvent recovery operations or entail environmental problems such as posed by such a slurry technique.
- this process can be carried out employing lower heat treat temperatures and reaction times than are necessary, for example, to insolubilize CMC in the salt form, e.g., as described in the aforesaid Elliott patent, to produce absorbents of comparable characteristics.
- the combined HCl gas/heat treatment technique hereof thus appears to effect the desired insolubilization of the initially soluble CMC salt more efficiently, with less concomitant problems, and more rapidly (under the same reaction conditions) than required by prior art processes.
- the process of the present invention involves a heterogeneous, solid-vapor contact reaction system.
- the process of the present invention may be carried out with any solid sodium CMC's, independent of the moisture contents thereof--e.g., commercial soluble sodium CMC's having water contents of about 5-10 weight percent (e.g., Hercules, Inc. 7HCF) may be readily converted to insoluble partially acid form CMC's by the process hereof.
- the acidification and heat treatment steps of the present process may be carried out either in sequence or concurrently.
- the treatment of the soluble CMC with hydrogen chloride gas may be effected either by passing the gas over or through the particulate CMC material.
- the acid-forming reaction is exothermic the external heat load required to effect cross-linking of the soluble CMC is reduced in the present process.
- the specific time/temperature cycle(s) at which the acidification and heat cross-linking reactions are effected is dependent upon the specific nature of the soluble CMC reactant (i.e., its DS value), the degree of acidification (DA) of the product desired for any particular application, the desired reaction rate, and the concurrent degradation rate of the cellulose substrate (substantial degradation of cellulose occurs at about 230° C.).
- the acidification reaction may be carried out at any desired temperature up to about 100° C., the use of ambient temperatures, for example, being particularly convenient.
- Heat cross-linking is desirably effected at temperatures in excess of about 100° C., and usually within the range of from about 105° to 200° C., at reaction times varying inversely with the temperature.
- any water-soluble, particulate carboxymethyl cellulose salt may be insolubilized in the practice of the present invention.
- the process is carried out employing water-soluble sodium CMC's having DS values of at least 0.4 and most desirably ranging from about 0.5 to 1.2, and the reaction parameters are so regulated as to produce insolubilized, partially acid form materials having DA values of up to 80%, and preferably from about 1-30%.
- Products thus formed have swell ratios (the degree of swelling with a saline solution as quantitatively defined below) ranging from about 5 to 50 and which may preferably vary from about 5 to 40 (optimally, about 10 to 35).
- Such products are, moreover, substantially water-insoluble, the percent extractables determined by extraction with a saline solution, as quantitatively defined hereinafter, being less than about 40% and, preferably, less than about 35%.
- the specific reaction parameters utilized i.e., the time and temperature conditions, the gas flow rates utilized in the hydrogen chloride acidification step, and the time/temperature cycle employed in the heat cross-linking operation, are dependent upon a number of different variables, including the DS value of the soluble sodium CMC reacted, and the desired characteristics of the insolubilized products (including both the DA desired and the degree of cross-linking and, hence, insolubilization thereof), in addition to the production rate required and, of course, the temperature-dependent degradation rate of the CMC.
- the particular conditions chosen depend, therefore, both upon the specific characteristics of the absorbent, water-insoluble acid form CMC product desired, and the use of the most efficient reaction parameters for the desired operation.
- the hydrogen chloride gas is most conveniently reacted with the sodium CMC at initial temperatures less than about 100° C.
- the exothermic acid-forming reaction increases the temperature of the acidified material sometimes to as much as about 100°-125° C.
- Heat cross-linking may similarly be carried out over a broad temperature range varying from about ambient temperatures to as much as about 200° C., preferably, from about 105°-200° C.
- the reaction periods will vary inversely with temperature, and may be further dependent upon the desired reaction rate, the quantity of material to be reacted, etc. Suitable conditions are disclosed, for example, in the aforesaid Reid patent, column 5, lines 56 to 64.
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid (36% HCl) was heated to boiling and nitrogen was bubbled therethrough to form a hydrogen chloride gas stream.
- the gas was dried by bubbling it through concentrated sulfuric acid (98%), and fed, at room temperature into a jar containing dry, granular sodium CMC (Hercules' 7 HCF, having a DS value of 0.7 and a water content of 7.1%).
- the excess HCl gas passed from the jar and was absorbed in a concentrated Na 2 CO 3 solution.
- Example 5 CMC's having DA's of 79% (Example 1), 58% (Example 2), 15% (Example 3), 13% (Example 4) and 32% (Example 5) were produced.
- the percent volatiles (essentially, the water contents) of the respective product samples were also determined, and were 7.6% (Example 1), 8.0% (Example 2), 7.2% (Example 3), 7.1% (Example 4) and 7.7% (Example 5).
- a substantially insoluble material was formed.
- Swell Ratios were calculated by placing 1.00 gram ⁇ 0.01 gram of the respective samples in a 50 ml. graduated cylinder, filling the cylinder to the 50 ml. mark with a saline solution (0.85%), and shaking the cylinder several times. After 48 hours, the mark to which the sample has swelled was recorded and the swell ratio calculated as: ##EQU1##
- the percent extractables value for each sample was determined by placing 0.4-0.5 grams of the sample in a 100 ml. of saline solution (0.85%) and mixing for 10 minutes, allowing the mixture to settle for 10 minutes, and decanting it into centrifuge tubes. After centrifuging for 10 minutes at 1500-1700 G's, a 25 ml. sample was pipetted into a weighed beaker. 25 ml. of a blank--a 0.85% saline solution--was then pipetted into a weighed beaker. After maintaining both the sample and the blank in a forced air oven overnight at 105° C. the percent extractables was determined by weighing the two materials and calculating the Percent Extractables as follows: ##EQU2##
- More accurate hydrogen chloride gas flow rates were obtained by feeding the gas from a cylinder and metering the same into a nitrogen stream as indicated hereinafter.
- the soluble sodium CMC (containing 8.1%) water) was charged to a stirred 3-neck flask.
- a nitrogen feed stream was passed through the flask and into a caustic absorber.
- the HCl gas was metered into the nitrogen stream at predetermined rates.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TABLE I ______________________________________ VARIED HEAT TREATS OF ACIDIFIED CMC'S Example Temper- Time Percent or Material Subjected ature (min- Extract- Control to Heat Treat (°C.) utes) SR ables ______________________________________ Ex. 6 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 105° 60 34 -- Ex. 7 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 120 23 -- Ex. 8 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 180 22 -- (DA = 32%) Ex. 9 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 120° 60 40 -- Ex. 10 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 120 35 -- Ex. 11 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 180 33 23 (DA = 15%) Ex. 12 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 60 40 -- Ex. 13 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 120 36 -- Ex. 14 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 180 35 -- (DA = 13) Ex. 15 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 60 20 -- Ex. 16 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 120 15 -- Ex. 17 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 180 14 -- (DA = 32%) Control Essentially sol- A Hercules 7 HCF " 60 uble, high ex- Control tractables and B Hercules 7 HCF " 120 some sticky soft Control gel formed in C Hercules 7 HCF " 180 each instance. Ex. 18 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 138° 15 47 -- Ex. 19 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 30 33 24 Ex. 20 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 60 28 -- Ex. 21 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 120 21 -- Ex. 22 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 180 20 -- (DA = 15%) Ex. 23 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 15 36 -- Ex. 24 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 30 37 -- Ex. 25 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 60 32 21 Ex. 26 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 120 24 -- Ex. 27 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 180 22 -- (DA = 13%) Ex. 28 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 15 22 -- Ex. 29 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 30 16 -- Ex. 30 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 60 14 -- Ex. 31 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 120 11 -- Ex. 32 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 180 10 -- (DA = 32%) Control Essentially sol- D Hercules 7 HCF " 60 uble, high ex- Control tractables and E Hercules 7 HCF " 120 some sticky soft Control gel formed in F Hercules 7 HCF " 180 each instance. Ex. 33 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 160° 15 48 -- Ex. 34 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 30 27 -- Ex. 35 Acid CMC of Ex. 3 " 60 18 -- (DA = 15%) Ex. 36 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 15 39 -- Ex. 37 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 30 31 -- Ex. 38 Acid CMC of Ex. 4 " 60 16 -- (DA = 13%) Ex. 39 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 15 21 -- Ex. 40 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 30 12 -- Ex. 41 Acid CMC of Ex. 5 " 60 10 -- (DA = 32%) ______________________________________
TABLE II ______________________________________ HEAT TREATMENT OF ACIDIFIED CMC'S PREPARED BY PROPORTIONED HCl/N.sub.2 GAS METERED FLOWS Oven Temper- Time % Material Subjected ature (min- Extract- Ex. to Heat Treat (°C.) utes) SR ables ______________________________________ 50 Acid CMC of Ex. 47 138° 60 39 34 51 Acid CMC of Ex. 47 " 90 30 23 (DA = 2.6%) 52 Acid CMC of Ex. 48 " 30 35 42 53 Acid CMC of Ex. 48 " 60 25 21 (DA = 5.0%) 54 Acid CMC of Ex. 49 " 15 36 27 (DA = 20%) ______________________________________
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/369,726 USRE31323E (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1982-04-19 | Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/906,724 US4200737A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents |
US06/369,726 USRE31323E (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1982-04-19 | Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/906,724 Reissue US4200737A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE31323E true USRE31323E (en) | 1983-07-26 |
Family
ID=27004685
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06/369,726 Expired - Lifetime USRE31323E (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1982-04-19 | Preparation of water-insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose absorbents |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5079354A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1992-01-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for making absorbent starch |
US5247072A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-09-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Carboxyalkyl polysaccharides having improved absorbent properties and process for the preparation thereof |
US5346485A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1994-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric composition for the absorption of proteinaceous fluids |
US5550189A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1996-08-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Modified polysaccharides having improved absorbent properties and process for the preparation thereof |
US5720832A (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1998-02-24 | Kimberly-Clark Ltd. | Method of making a meltblown nonwoven web containing absorbent particles |
US6747186B2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2004-06-08 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Water-decomposable absorbent article |
US20040157734A1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-08-12 | Richard Mertens | Supersuperabsorbent polymers, preparation thereof and use thereof |
Citations (12)
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US1904406A (en) * | 1930-07-02 | 1933-04-18 | Du Pont | Method of reducing the solution viscosity of cellulose |
US2639239A (en) * | 1950-11-18 | 1953-05-19 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Heat-treated alkali-metal carboxymethyl cellulose and process of preparing it |
US2766137A (en) * | 1952-06-06 | 1956-10-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Treated fibrous product and method |
US2772999A (en) * | 1952-06-06 | 1956-12-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Hemostatic surgical compositions and dressings |
GB1086323A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1967-10-11 | Courtaulds Ltd | Derivative of carboxy methyl cellulose |
US3379720A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1968-04-23 | Hercules Inc | Water-soluble polymers and process of preparing |
US3379721A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1968-04-23 | Hercules Inc | Process of treating water-soluble alkali metal salts of cmc and product |
US3391135A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1968-07-02 | Shinetsu Chem Ind Co | Process for the manufacture of low molecular weight cellulose derivatives |
US3731686A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-05-08 | Personal Products Co | Fluid absorption and retention products and methods of making the same |
US4044766A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1977-08-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Compressed catamenial tampons with improved capabilities for absorbing menstrual fluids |
US4061859A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1977-12-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Viscosity reduction of cellulose derivatives |
US4107426A (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-08-15 | Roy Gerald Gordon | Process for treating cellulose |
-
1982
- 1982-04-19 US US06/369,726 patent/USRE31323E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1904406A (en) * | 1930-07-02 | 1933-04-18 | Du Pont | Method of reducing the solution viscosity of cellulose |
US2639239A (en) * | 1950-11-18 | 1953-05-19 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Heat-treated alkali-metal carboxymethyl cellulose and process of preparing it |
US2766137A (en) * | 1952-06-06 | 1956-10-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Treated fibrous product and method |
US2772999A (en) * | 1952-06-06 | 1956-12-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Hemostatic surgical compositions and dressings |
GB1086323A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1967-10-11 | Courtaulds Ltd | Derivative of carboxy methyl cellulose |
US3379720A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1968-04-23 | Hercules Inc | Water-soluble polymers and process of preparing |
US3379721A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1968-04-23 | Hercules Inc | Process of treating water-soluble alkali metal salts of cmc and product |
US3391135A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1968-07-02 | Shinetsu Chem Ind Co | Process for the manufacture of low molecular weight cellulose derivatives |
US3731686A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-05-08 | Personal Products Co | Fluid absorption and retention products and methods of making the same |
US4044766A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1977-08-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Compressed catamenial tampons with improved capabilities for absorbing menstrual fluids |
US4061859A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1977-12-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Viscosity reduction of cellulose derivatives |
US4107426A (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-08-15 | Roy Gerald Gordon | Process for treating cellulose |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5720832A (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1998-02-24 | Kimberly-Clark Ltd. | Method of making a meltblown nonwoven web containing absorbent particles |
US5079354A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1992-01-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for making absorbent starch |
US5346485A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1994-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric composition for the absorption of proteinaceous fluids |
US5247072A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-09-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Carboxyalkyl polysaccharides having improved absorbent properties and process for the preparation thereof |
US5550189A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1996-08-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Modified polysaccharides having improved absorbent properties and process for the preparation thereof |
US6747186B2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2004-06-08 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Water-decomposable absorbent article |
US20040157734A1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-08-12 | Richard Mertens | Supersuperabsorbent polymers, preparation thereof and use thereof |
US7407912B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2008-08-05 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Supersuperabsorbent polymers |
US7612016B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2009-11-03 | Evonik Stockhausen Gmbh | Preparation of superabsorbent polymers |
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