USRE30385E - Light and heat stabilizers for polyolefins - Google Patents

Light and heat stabilizers for polyolefins Download PDF

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USRE30385E
USRE30385E US06/057,786 US5778679A USRE30385E US RE30385 E USRE30385 E US RE30385E US 5778679 A US5778679 A US 5778679A US RE30385 E USRE30385 E US RE30385E
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hydrogen
tetramethylpiperidine
carboxylate
compound
alkyl
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US06/057,786
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Ray L. Hillard
William B. Hardy
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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American Cyanamid Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D211/62—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
    • C08K5/3435—Piperidines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid, and more particularly to esters represented by formula (I): ##STR2## where R is hydrogen or alkyl (C 1 -C 8 ); R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy (C 1 -C 8 ); R" is alkyl (C 1 -C 20 ), alkylene (C 2 -C 12 ), cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloaliphatic ring contains 5- or 6-carbon atoms, cycloalkylene, wherein the cycloaliphatic ring may contain lower alkyl substituents, arylene, aralkylene and alkenyl (C 3 -C 20 ); n is an integer from 1 to 4.
  • the invention also relates to the use of these esters as stabilizers against photo- and thermal degradation, particularly against degradation induced by UV light, of synthetic polymers, especially polyolefins.
  • the invention further relates to polymer compositions stabilized by the incorporation therein of said esters.
  • Stabilizers for synthetic and naturally occurring polymers including UV stabilizers
  • UV stabilizers have been the subject of continuing investigation for many years, and numerous compounds have been suggested for such purpose.
  • Recent patent literature has described a considerable number of stabilizer compounds which are derivatives of hindered amines of the type: ##STR3## wherein R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and represent an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Of particular interest is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and its derivatives.
  • esters of formula (I) provide superior stabilizing properties against photodegradation of synthetic polymers, particularly polypropylene, as compared with the esters of formula (II).
  • esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid are superior to esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, as represented by (II).
  • R" is a monovalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohol.
  • Representative alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ispropanol, n-butanol, sec. butanol, tert.
  • butanol amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, n-dodecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, and the like; cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, methyl cyclohexanol, and the like.
  • R" is a divalent alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or aralkylene radical derived from an alkanediol, cycloalkanediol, dihydric phenol or aralkylene diol.
  • diols ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol, and the like; hydroquinone, ⁇ , ⁇ -xylylene glycol, and the like.
  • R radicals derived from diols containing a heteroatom in the chain, such as thiodiethanol, diethanolamine, and diethylene glycol.
  • R" is a trivalent or tetravalent aliphatic radial derived from an aliphatic polyol.
  • polyols are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and the like,
  • synthetic polymer is intended to include polyolefins, and particularly poly- ⁇ -olefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and copolymers thereof, for example, ethylenepropylene copolymer. Also intended are polyolefins such as polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and the like, and copolymers, such as ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene polymers (ABS plastics), and the like. The invention is particularly directed to the stabilization of polypropylene.
  • polyolefins such as polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and the like
  • copolymers such as ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadienestyren
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared readily by conventional esterification of the carboxylic acid (III): ##STR5##
  • the carboxylic acid (III) may be obtained in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Sadyky-Zade et al, Zh, Organ. Khim. 9, 1841-44 (1973), U.S. Pat. No. 3,274,227, or Weizmann et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 1153-58 (1948), whereby 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one (IV) is reacted with chloroform in the presence of a base to form the corresponding 4-trichloromethyl-4-hydroxy derivative (V) followed by hydrolysis of (V) in the presence of water or an alcohol, such as methanol, to give the carboxylic acid (III), where R' is hydroxyl or alkoxy. ##STR6##
  • the intermediate carboxylic acid (III), wherein R' is hydrogen may be prepared in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Simchen et al in Synthesis, 1975, No. 9, pages 605-607, whereby the 4-bromo compound (VI) is reacted with a tetraalkylammonium cyanide, such as tetraethylammonium cyanide, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile or dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by hydrolysis of the nitrile (VII).
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile or dimethyl sulfoxide
  • the 4-bromo compound (VI) is readily obtained by reaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol (VIII) with conc. hydrobromic acid to form the 4-bromo hydrobromide salt (IX), which is then neutralized with a base, e.g. sodium carbonate.
  • a base e.g. sodium carbonate.
  • Compound (III) wherein R' is hydroxyl may also be prepared in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Nazarov et al, J. Gen. Chem. U.S.S.R. (English) 26, 3877-3889 (1956) whereby the ketone (IV) is reacted with potassium cyanide in the presence of an acid to produce the corresponding cyanohydrin (X) which may then be hydrolyzed to the hydroxy acid.
  • ester derivatives of this invention are listed below. It is, however, to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the compounds of the invention may be incorporated into the polymer substrate by any of the various standard procedures used in the art, at any stage prior to the manufacture of shaped articles therefrom, including filaments, fibre, yarn, film, sheet, other molded articles, and the like.
  • the mixing, extrusion, etc. or a suspension or emulsion of the stabilizer may be mixed with a suspension or emulsion of the polymer, and the like.
  • esters of formula (I) which may be incorporated into the polymer may vary widely depending on the type, properties and particular uses of the polymer to be stabilized. In general, they may be added in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the polymer, preferably about 0.01 to 2% by weight, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight in polyolefins.
  • the compounds may be used alone or in combination with other known stabilizers, fillers, or other compounding ingredients commonly used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 -C8), R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl or lower alkoxy (C1 -C8); R" is alkyl (C1 -C20), alkylene (C2 -C12), cycloalkyl, wherein the alicyclic ring contains 5- or 6-carbon atoms, cycloalkylene, wherein the alicyclic ring may contain lower alkyl substituents, alkenyl (C3 -C20), arylene or aralkylene; n is an integer from 1 to 4, are useful for stabilizing polyolefin polymer against photo and thermal degradation.

Description

This is a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 4,064,102, dated Dec. 20, 1977. .Iaddend.
This invention relates to esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid, and more particularly to esters represented by formula (I): ##STR2## where R is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 -C8); R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy (C1 -C8); R" is alkyl (C1 -C20), alkylene (C2 -C12), cycloalkyl, wherein the cycloaliphatic ring contains 5- or 6-carbon atoms, cycloalkylene, wherein the cycloaliphatic ring may contain lower alkyl substituents, arylene, aralkylene and alkenyl (C3 -C20); n is an integer from 1 to 4.
The invention also relates to the use of these esters as stabilizers against photo- and thermal degradation, particularly against degradation induced by UV light, of synthetic polymers, especially polyolefins. The invention further relates to polymer compositions stabilized by the incorporation therein of said esters.
Stabilizers for synthetic and naturally occurring polymers, including UV stabilizers, have been the subject of continuing investigation for many years, and numerous compounds have been suggested for such purpose. Recent patent literature has described a considerable number of stabilizer compounds which are derivatives of hindered amines of the type: ##STR3## wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and represent an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Of particular interest is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and its derivatives.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,640,928 (Murayama to Sankyo Company, Ltd.) particularly describe esters, and their use in stabilizing polymers, of the type represented by formula (II): ##STR4## wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above; R3 is an acyl, diacyl or triacyl group derived from aliphatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids; n is 1 to 3.
We have now discovered, quite unexpectedly, that esters of formula (I) provide superior stabilizing properties against photodegradation of synthetic polymers, particularly polypropylene, as compared with the esters of formula (II).
It is surprising and unexpected that esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid, as represented by (I), are superior to esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, as represented by (II).
In the above formula (I), when n is 1, R" is a monovalent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical derived from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohol. Representative alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ispropanol, n-butanol, sec. butanol, tert. butanol, amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, n-dodecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, and the like; cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, methyl cyclohexanol, and the like.
When n is 2, R" is a divalent alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or aralkylene radical derived from an alkanediol, cycloalkanediol, dihydric phenol or aralkylene diol. Representative of such diols are ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol, and the like; hydroquinone, α,α-xylylene glycol, and the like. Also included within the definition of R" are radicals derived from diols containing a heteroatom in the chain, such as thiodiethanol, diethanolamine, and diethylene glycol.
When n is 3 or 4, R" is a trivalent or tetravalent aliphatic radial derived from an aliphatic polyol. Representative of such polyols are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and the like,
The term "synthetic polymer", as used herein is intended to include polyolefins, and particularly poly-α-olefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and copolymers thereof, for example, ethylenepropylene copolymer. Also intended are polyolefins such as polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and the like, and copolymers, such as ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene polymers (ABS plastics), and the like. The invention is particularly directed to the stabilization of polypropylene.
The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared readily by conventional esterification of the carboxylic acid (III): ##STR5##
The carboxylic acid (III) may be obtained in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Sadyky-Zade et al, Zh, Organ. Khim. 9, 1841-44 (1973), U.S. Pat. No. 3,274,227, or Weizmann et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 1153-58 (1948), whereby 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one (IV) is reacted with chloroform in the presence of a base to form the corresponding 4-trichloromethyl-4-hydroxy derivative (V) followed by hydrolysis of (V) in the presence of water or an alcohol, such as methanol, to give the carboxylic acid (III), where R' is hydroxyl or alkoxy. ##STR6##
The intermediate carboxylic acid (III), wherein R' is hydrogen, may be prepared in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Simchen et al in Synthesis, 1975, No. 9, pages 605-607, whereby the 4-bromo compound (VI) is reacted with a tetraalkylammonium cyanide, such as tetraethylammonium cyanide, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile or dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by hydrolysis of the nitrile (VII). ##STR7##
The 4-bromo compound (VI) is readily obtained by reaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol (VIII) with conc. hydrobromic acid to form the 4-bromo hydrobromide salt (IX), which is then neutralized with a base, e.g. sodium carbonate. ##STR8##
Compound (III) wherein R' is hydroxyl may also be prepared in accordance with procedures similar to those described by Nazarov et al, J. Gen. Chem. U.S.S.R. (English) 26, 3877-3889 (1956) whereby the ketone (IV) is reacted with potassium cyanide in the presence of an acid to produce the corresponding cyanohydrin (X) which may then be hydrolyzed to the hydroxy acid.
Representative examples of the ester derivatives of this invention are listed below. It is, however, to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.
1. methyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
2. n-butyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
3. n-octyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
4. stearyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
5. cyclopentyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
6. cyclohexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
7. 4-methylcyclohexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
8. allyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
9. ethyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
10. n-hexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
11. cyclohexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
12. allyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
13. isopropyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-methoxy-4-carboxylate
14. 2-ethylhexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ethoxy-4-carboxylate
15. stearyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-butoxy-4-carboxylate
16. cyclohexyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-octyloxy-4-carboxylate
17. 1,2-ethylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
18. 1,4-butylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
19. 1,6-hexamethylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
20. 2-butylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
21. thiodiethylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
22. 1,4-cyclohexylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
23. 2-butylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
24. iminodiethylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ethoxy-4-carboxylate
25. oxydiethylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-octyloxy-4-carboxylate
26. 2-ethyl-1,2,3-propanetriyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
27. neopentanetetrayl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
28. 2-ethyl-1,2,3-propanetriyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ethoxy-4-carboxylate
29. p-phenylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
30. p-xylylene 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
31. methyl 1-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
32. n-butyl 1-ethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
33. ethyl-1-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-methoxy-4-carboxylate
34. p-phenylene 1-methyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-hydroxy-4-carboxylate
35. p-xylylene 1-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-methoxy-4-carboxylate, and the like.
The compounds of the invention may be incorporated into the polymer substrate by any of the various standard procedures used in the art, at any stage prior to the manufacture of shaped articles therefrom, including filaments, fibre, yarn, film, sheet, other molded articles, and the like. Thus, the mixing, extrusion, etc. or a suspension or emulsion of the stabilizer may be mixed with a suspension or emulsion of the polymer, and the like.
The amount of the esters of formula (I) which may be incorporated into the polymer may vary widely depending on the type, properties and particular uses of the polymer to be stabilized. In general, they may be added in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the polymer, preferably about 0.01 to 2% by weight, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight in polyolefins.
The compounds may be used alone or in combination with other known stabilizers, fillers, or other compounding ingredients commonly used.

Claims (10)

We claim:
1. A compound represented by the formula: ##STR10## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 -C8), R' is hydrogen, or lower alkoxy (C1 -C8); R" is alkylene (C2 -C12), cycloalkylene, wherein the alicyclic ring may contain lower alkyl substituents, arylene or aralkylene, n is 2.
2. A compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R' is hydrogen.
3. A compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R' is lower (C1 -C8) alkoxy.
4. A synthetic polyolefin polymer composition stabilized against photo- and thermal degradation comprising an effective stabilizing amount of a compound of claim 1.
5. A composition as defined in claim 4 wherein said polyolefin is polypropylene.
6. A composition as defined in claim 4 wherein said compound is incorporated in an amount of about 0.01 to 5% by weight.
7. A composition as defined in claim 5 wherein said compound is incorporated in an amount of about 0.01 to 2% by weight.
8. A compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R is hydrogen.
9. A compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R" is alkylene (C2 -C12). .Iadd.10. A compound represented by the formula ##STR11##.Iaddend. wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 -C8), R' is hydrogen or lower alkoxy (C1 -C8); R" is ##STR12##
and n is 2. .Iadd.11. A compound represented by the formula ##STR13## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 -C8) R' is hydrogen or lower alkoxy (C1 -C8); R" is ##STR14## and n is 2. .Iaddend.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369274A (en) 1981-07-20 1983-01-18 American Cyanamid Company Hindered amine light stabilizers for polymers
US6414155B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-07-02 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6492521B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-12-10 Cytec Technology Corp. Hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6545156B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2003-04-08 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6727300B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2004-04-27 Cytec Technology Corp. Polymeric articles containing hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds
US20050004518A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-01-06 Call Evan W. Infusion syringe
US7691922B2 (en) 2004-07-03 2010-04-06 U.S. Borax Inc. Performance enhancement in the stabilization of organic materials
US10184106B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2019-01-22 Genentech, Inc. Methods for viral inactivation and other adventitious agents

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US3684803A (en) * 1967-08-11 1972-08-15 Ciba Geigy Corp 1,4,4-substituted piperidine derivatives
US3850877A (en) * 1972-07-28 1974-11-26 Ciba Geigy Corp Piperidine stabilizers for polymers
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US3959291A (en) * 1973-02-03 1976-05-25 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Piperidine derivatives

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Title
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Sperber et al., J.A.C.S., vol. 81, 1959, pp. 704-709. *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369274A (en) 1981-07-20 1983-01-18 American Cyanamid Company Hindered amine light stabilizers for polymers
EP0070388A1 (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-01-26 American Cyanamid Company Novel light stabilizers for polymers
US6414155B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-07-02 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6492521B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2002-12-10 Cytec Technology Corp. Hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6545156B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2003-04-08 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6696570B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2004-02-24 Cytec Technology Corp. Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same
US6727300B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2004-04-27 Cytec Technology Corp. Polymeric articles containing hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds
US20050004518A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-01-06 Call Evan W. Infusion syringe
US7691922B2 (en) 2004-07-03 2010-04-06 U.S. Borax Inc. Performance enhancement in the stabilization of organic materials
US10184106B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2019-01-22 Genentech, Inc. Methods for viral inactivation and other adventitious agents

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