USRE29695E - Outboard motor with speed regulator for DC permanent magnet motor - Google Patents

Outboard motor with speed regulator for DC permanent magnet motor Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE29695E
USRE29695E US05/713,391 US71339176A USRE29695E US RE29695 E USRE29695 E US RE29695E US 71339176 A US71339176 A US 71339176A US RE29695 E USRE29695 E US RE29695E
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
motor
electrically connected
transistor
housing
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/713,391
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles H. Blake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Outboard Marine Corp
Original Assignee
Outboard Marine Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US05/549,951 external-priority patent/US3954081A/en
Application filed by Outboard Marine Corp filed Critical Outboard Marine Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USRE29695E publication Critical patent/USRE29695E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/288—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using variable impedance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H20/007—Trolling propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/66—Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of, or controlling, the machine, e.g. with impedances or switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/04—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
    • F02B61/045—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers for marine engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to outboard motors and more particularly to outboard motors including electric motors. Still further, the invention relates to speed control circuits for outboard motors driven by permanent magnet electric motors.
  • the invention also relates generally to speed control of direct current motors, and more particularly to speed control of permanent magnet direct current motors.
  • speed regulation of permanent magnet direct current motors was often obtained by employment of a relatively bulky and cost, large wattage variable resistor connected in series with the direct current motor. In operation, variation in the resistance of the resistor changes the motor voltage, and hence, changes the motor speed. It is noted that the current flowing through the motor also flows through the variable resistor.
  • an outboard motor comprising a shaft extending vertically under normal operating conditions and including a hollow interior, means connected to the shaft for mounting the shaft to a boat hull, a lower housing fixedly connected to the shaft and including a hollow interior, an electric motor mounted in the housing hollow interior and including an output shaft, a propeller driven by the output shaft, a transistor electrically connected to the motor and located in the housing hollow interior in spaced relation axially of the output shaft from the adjacent end of the electric motor, and a thermally conductive means fixedly bonding the transistor to the housing.
  • the thermally conductive means comprises an epoxy cement and the transistor is embedded in the cement with the transistor and the cement being in spaced relation from the adjacent end of the electric motor so as thereby to provide an air space therebetween.
  • a speed control circuit comprising a source of direct current having positive and negative terminals, a permanent magnet motor including an armature winding electrically connected between the positive and negative terminals, a first transistor having a collector and an emitter electrically connected in series with the armature winding between the positive and negative terminals, which first transistor also includes a base, a second transistor connected in parallel with the first transistor and having a collector and an emitter electrically connected in series with the armatutre winding between the positive and negative terminals, which second transistor includes a base, and a potentiometer electrically connected to the negative terminal and directly electrically connected to the bases of the first and second transistors.
  • the transistors are preferably germanium transistors. Direct electrical connection of the transistor bases to the potentiometer affords continuous current flow at a steady level through the motor and transistors at any given motor loading and potentiometer setting.
  • speed regulation of a permanent magnet direct current motor is provided by controlling the bias of the voltage drop between the transistor emitter and collector by reason of operation of the potentiometer which passes a relatively small current, but is nevertheless operative to control the relatively large current which passes through the direct current motor and through the transistor.
  • a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor comprising a source of direct current having positive and negative terminals, a permanent magnet motor including an armature winding electrically connected between the positive and negative terminals, a transistor having a collector and an emitter electrically connected in series with the armature winding between the positive and negative terminals, which transistor also includes a base, a resistor connected between the emitter and the base, and a potentiometer electrically connected between the base and the negative terminal.
  • an outboard motor which includes a permanent magnet electric motor and a speed control circuit including one or more transistors located in an underwater housing in spaced relation from the electric motor and separated from the electric motor by a partition extending in spaced relation from the transistors and between the transistors and the electric motor.
  • an outboard motor which includes a permanent magnet electric motor and a speed control circuit including one or more transistors located in an underwater housing in spaced relation axially from one end of the electric motor and separated from the motor by an air space.
  • Another of the principal features of the invention is to regulate the speed of a permanent magnet, direct current motor by controlling a current which is relatively small as compared to the current flowing through the motor.
  • Still another of the principal features of the invention is the provision of a speed control for a permanent magnet, direct current motor in which motor hum is reduced.
  • Still another of the principal features of the invention is the provision of a speed control circuit including a pair of transistors arranged in parallel.
  • Still another of the principal features of the invention is the provision of a speed control for a permanent magnet, direct current motor which is of relatively simple construction, which is relatively small in size, which is economical to construct, and which will provide reliable service over a large and useful life.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partially broken away and in section, of an outboard motor which embodies a permanent magnet direct current motor and which incorporates various of the features of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram of a second embodiment of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram of a third embodiment of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a wiring diagram of a fourth embodiment of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a wiring diagram of a fifth embodiment of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram of a sixth embodiment of a speed control circuit for a permanent magnet, direct current motor, which circuit embodies various of the features of the invention and can be incorporated in the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1.
  • an outboard motor 11 which includes a shaft 13 having a hollow interior 15 and which is carried for steering movement about an axis extending lengthwise of the shaft 13 under normal operating conditions and for tilting movement about a horiozontal axis by any suitable means such as disclosed in the U.S. Shimanckas Application, Ser. No. 381,602 filed July 23, 1973 and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,258, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • the shaft 13 is suitably connected, as by a screw thread connection or otherwise, to an underwater housing 17 which includes an adapter housing member 21 having a rearwardly open cavity or recess 23 communicating with the hollow interior 15 of the shaft 13.
  • the recess 23 includes a rearwardly open counterbore 25 and the adapter housing member 21 includes a rearwardly facing surface 27 extending from the outer or rearward end of the counterbore 25.
  • a motor housing member 31 Connected to the rearward surface 27 of the adapter housing member 21 is a motor housing member 31 including a hollow interior cavity or chamber 32 containing and supporting a direct current motor 33 which, preferably, is a permanent magnet motor and which includes an armature winding 35.
  • the motor 33 also includes an output shaft 37 which can extend rearwardly from the motor housing member 31 and can have a propeller 39 mounted thereon for rotation in common with the output shaft 37.
  • the motor housing member 31 also includes, forwardly of the electric motor 33, a transverse wall or partition 41 which separates the recess 23 from the cavity 32.
  • the motor housing member 31 can be connected to the adapter housing member 21 in any suitable fashion, and, in the disclosed construction, is connected by a plurality of bolts 43 which extend through portions of the adapter housing member 21 and are threaded into the motor housing member 31.
  • the counterbore 25 serves as a pilot and, preferably, the motor housing member 31 includes a pilot projection 45 which is received in the pilot counterbore 25 to properly locate the motor housing member 31 relative to the adapter housing member 21.
  • a seal 47 in the form of an O-ring is also provided to prevent entry of water into the adapter recess or cavity 23 or into the chamber or cavity 32 of the motor housing member 31. Contained in the adapter recess or cavity 23 is a portion of a motor control circuit such as shown in FIGS. 2 through 7.
  • FIG. 2 Shown in FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of one embodiment of a speed control circuit 111 for the permanent magnet, direct current motor 33 including the armature winding 35.
  • the armature winding 35 is connected to any suitable source of a direct current, as for instance a battery 117, including a positive terminal 119 and a negative terminal 121 which is preferably grounded, as indicated at 123.
  • a direct current as for instance a battery 117, including a positive terminal 119 and a negative terminal 121 which is preferably grounded, as indicated at 123.
  • negative terminal and ground are interchangeable.
  • Control of the speed of the direct current motor 33 is provided by a transistor 131 having a collector 133 and an emitter 135 connected between the positive and negative terminals 119 and 121, respectively, in series with the armature winding 35.
  • the transistor 131 is of the germanium type.
  • the emitter 135 is electrically connected to the armature winding 35 and the collector 133 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 121 of the battery 117 or other direct current source.
  • Means are provided to adjust the bias or conductivity of the transistor 131, and, in this regard, the transistor 131 includes a base 141 which is electrically connected to a potentiometer 143 which, in turn, is connected to the negative terminal 121 of the battery 117 or other direct current source.
  • the potentiometer 143 could be directly grounded. Accordingly, variation in the setting of the potentiometer 143 serves to vary the bias or impedance of the transistor 131 and thereby to control the speed of the motor 33 under a given load.
  • the potentiometer 143 is directly connected to the transistor base 141 without intervening components, the potentiometer 143 thereby directly and immediately controls the bias of the transistor 131 and the transistor accordingly conducts continuously and at a steady rate for a given potentiometer setting and under constant motor load conditions. Furthermore, the current which is directly controlled by the potentiometer 143 is relatively small as compared to the current which flows through the motor 33 and to the collector 133 from the emitter 135 of the transistor 131.
  • means are provided in the circuit 111 for controlling energizing of or electrical connection of the motor 33 to the direct current source 117, including a master switch 151 and a motor control switch 153.
  • the master switch 151 is connected to the positive terminal 119 of the battery 117 or other direct current source
  • the motor control switch 153 is connected in series between the master switch 151 and the armature winding 115. Both switches 151 and 153 must be closed to obtain motor operation, and opening of either switch prevents motor operation.
  • Means are also provided for determining the availability of direct current from the battery 117 or other source.
  • such means comprises an indicating sub-circuit 161 which is connected to the master switch 151 in common with the connection of the motor control switch 153, and which includes an indicator in the form of a lamp 163 which is also connected to ground 123 but could alternatively be connected to the negative terminal 121 of the battery 117 or other direct current source. Accordingly, when there is energy available at the battery 117 and when the master switch 151 is closed, the lamp 163 will light, independently of the open or closed position of the motor control switch 153, to thereby indicate such availability of electrical energy.
  • the circuit 211 is substantially identical to the circuit 111 shown in FIG. 2 except there is additionally provided a second transistor 231 including an emitter 235 connected to the armature winding 35 in common with connection of the emitter 135, a collector 233 connected to the negative terminal 121 in common with the collector 133, and a base 241 connected directly to the potentiometer 143 in common with the base 141.
  • a second transistor 231 including an emitter 235 connected to the armature winding 35 in common with connection of the emitter 135, a collector 233 connected to the negative terminal 121 in common with the collector 133, and a base 241 connected directly to the potentiometer 143 in common with the base 141.
  • two separate and independently adjustable potentiometers, one for each transistor base could be employed.
  • FIG. 4 Shown in FIG. 4 is still another circuit 311 in accordance with the invention in which a transistor 331 is located in series with the armature winding 35 between the armature winding 35 and the positive terminal 119.
  • the transistor emitter 335 is connected to the positive terminal 119
  • the collector 333 is connected to the armature winding 35
  • the base 341 is connected to the potentiometer 143.
  • the construction shown in FIG. 4 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 Shown in FIG. 5 is another control circuit 611 which is identical to the control circuit 111 shown in FIG. 2 except that the lead 161 extending from the light 163 is connected between the switch 153 and the motor 33 so that the light 163 will be energized to indicate motor operation as compared to the availability of battery power as provided in the circuit 111 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the circuit 611 differs from the circuit 111 by addition of a resistor 175 which is connected between the emitter 135 and the potentiometer 143 and which provides stability in the biasing of the transister 131.
  • the resistor 175 can also be considered as being connected between the emitter 135 and the base 141.
  • FIG. 6 Shown in FIG. 6 is another control circuit 711 which is identical to the circuit 211 shown in FIG. 3 except that the light 163 is connected in the same manner as in the circuit 611 and except for addition of the resistor 175 which is arranged in the same general manner as in the circuit 611.
  • the resistor 175 serves to provide stability in the biasing of both transistors 131 and 231.
  • FIG. 7 Shown in FIG. 7 is still another control circuit 811 which is identical to the control circuit 511 shown in FIG. 4 except that a resistor 175 is connected between the emitter 335 and the potentiometer 143 in order to provide stability in the biasing of the resistor.
  • the resistor 175 could also be described as extending between the emitter 335 and the base 341.
  • the light 163 provided in the circuit 811 could be connected as in the circuits 611 and 711 shown respectively in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the transistors 131, 231 and 331 are preferably located in the recess or cavity 23 in the housing adapter member 21 and are fixed therein by being embedded in a thermally conductive agent, such as an epoxy cement, which serves to bond the transistors 131, 231 and 331 to the adapter housing member 21, while at the same time, providing for high heat transfer from the transistors 131, 231 and 331 to the adapter housing member 21 and while also electrically insulating the transistors 131, 231 and 331 from the housing adapter member 21.
  • a thermally conductive agent such as an epoxy cement
  • the heat generated by the transistors 131, 231 and 331 is dissipated to the water through the adapter housing member 21 independently of the motor housing member 31 and that the transistors 131, 231 and 331 are spaced from the partition 41 provided by the motor housing member 31 and from the motor 33 located on the other side of the partition 41 by an air space or void 49 which also acts to thermally insulate the motor 33 from the heat generated by the transistors 131, 231 and 331.
  • the transistors 131, 231 and 331 are connected to the armature winding 35 by a lead 160 which extends through the partition 41 in an aperture (not shown) which is sealed by a grommet (not shown) or epoxy cement, or otherwise.
  • a relatively small current flowing through the potentiometer 143 serves to control a much larger current flowing through the motor 33 and to the collector from the emitter of the controlling transistor, whereby considerable economies in cost and size can be achieved as compared with use of relatively large wattage, variable resistors for directly controlling motor speeds.
  • the master switch 151 and motor control switch 153 are both closed to supply power to the motor.
  • the motor begins running and current passes through the motor 33 and from the emitter to the collector.
  • the speed of the motor 33 is determined by the setting of the potentiometer 143 and as the potentiometer is varied, the transistor operating point is changed, thereby changing the bias or impedance of the transistor and hence the collector-emitter voltage is increased or decreased. Accordingly, the motor voltage is increased or decreased, respectively, so as to provide regulation of motor speed.
  • the potentiometer 143 is completely shorted out, i.e., provides no resistance
  • the resistance of the armature winding 35 limits the bias or voltage drop between the emitter and collector of the transistor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
US05/713,391 1975-02-14 1976-08-11 Outboard motor with speed regulator for DC permanent magnet motor Expired - Lifetime USRE29695E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/549,951 US3954081A (en) 1973-09-21 1975-02-14 Outboard motor with speed regulator for DC permanent magnet motor

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US39960973A Continuation-In-Part 1973-09-21 1973-09-21
US05/549,951 Reissue US3954081A (en) 1973-09-21 1975-02-14 Outboard motor with speed regulator for DC permanent magnet motor

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USRE29695E true USRE29695E (en) 1978-07-11

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US (1) USRE29695E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS51104794A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5789829A (en) 1991-03-13 1998-08-04 Heesemann; Juergen Motor control system mounted on a motor casing
US6384552B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-05-07 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control apparatus for electric vehicle
US20030236036A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-12-25 Jukka Varis Motor unit for a ship
NL2017018B1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2018-01-04 Creusen Group B V A motor system for a floating device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6153297U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1984-09-14 1986-04-10
FI115041B (fi) * 2000-01-28 2005-02-28 Abb Oy Aluksen moottoriyksikkö

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429774A (en) * 1946-05-23 1947-10-28 Silver Creek Prec Corp Electric outboard motor
US2808238A (en) * 1955-08-09 1957-10-01 Master Vibrator Co Concrete vibrator
US2975349A (en) * 1955-10-27 1961-03-14 Rca Corp Load control motor circuit
US3231808A (en) * 1963-06-24 1966-01-25 Beckman Instruments Inc Electronic motor control
US3457866A (en) * 1968-01-25 1969-07-29 Red Jacket Mfg Co Well pumping apparatus
US3593050A (en) * 1969-04-01 1971-07-13 Ambac Ind Trolling motor
US3906887A (en) * 1974-03-29 1975-09-23 Chris S Kappas Electric outboard motor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429774A (en) * 1946-05-23 1947-10-28 Silver Creek Prec Corp Electric outboard motor
US2808238A (en) * 1955-08-09 1957-10-01 Master Vibrator Co Concrete vibrator
US2975349A (en) * 1955-10-27 1961-03-14 Rca Corp Load control motor circuit
US3231808A (en) * 1963-06-24 1966-01-25 Beckman Instruments Inc Electronic motor control
US3457866A (en) * 1968-01-25 1969-07-29 Red Jacket Mfg Co Well pumping apparatus
US3593050A (en) * 1969-04-01 1971-07-13 Ambac Ind Trolling motor
US3906887A (en) * 1974-03-29 1975-09-23 Chris S Kappas Electric outboard motor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5789829A (en) 1991-03-13 1998-08-04 Heesemann; Juergen Motor control system mounted on a motor casing
US6384552B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-05-07 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control apparatus for electric vehicle
US20030236036A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-12-25 Jukka Varis Motor unit for a ship
US20050221692A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2005-10-06 Abb Oy Motor unit for a ship
US7163426B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2007-01-16 Abb Oy Motor unit for a ship
US7198528B2 (en) * 2000-01-28 2007-04-03 Abb Oy Motor unit for a ship
NL2017018B1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2018-01-04 Creusen Group B V A motor system for a floating device

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JPS51104794A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-16

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