USRE26986E - Centrifuge discharge means - Google Patents

Centrifuge discharge means Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE26986E
USRE26986E US26986DE USRE26986E US RE26986 E USRE26986 E US RE26986E US 26986D E US26986D E US 26986DE US RE26986 E USRE26986 E US RE26986E
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wax
rotor
solids
oil
liquid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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English (en)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US146268A external-priority patent/US3192149A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/10—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with discharging outlets in the plane of the maximum diameter of the bowl
    • B04B1/12—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with discharging outlets in the plane of the maximum diameter of the bowl with continuous discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls
    • B04B1/08—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with inserted separating walls of conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/02—Continuous feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
    • C10G73/02—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G73/28—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils by centrifugal force

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a centrifuge rotor for separating a layer of solids from between respective inner and outer annular layers of light and heavy liquid, the rotor having feed means, discharge means for lighter liquid, and outlet means for heavier discharge.
  • the outlet means is in the wall 0) the rotor and a restricted tubular passageway extends inwardly therefrom toward the solids-heavy liquid interface for conducting the heavy liquid and entrained solids out of the rotor from adjacent the solids-heavy liquid interface.
  • This invention relates to centrifuge discharge means. More specifically this invention relates to centrifuge discharge means by which an intermediate layer of solids which otherwise would stick to the bowl wall may be kept spaced from the bowl wall by a liquid layer. It also provides means by which an unusually high amount of liquid may be removed from solids in the bowl.
  • the present invention presents a process and apparatus applicable to the separation of hydrocarbon wax from oil It is especially useful in the removal of wax solids and will be described in connection therewith.
  • the solids may be of crystalline nature. It should be understood, however, that the invention is capable of other applications, and is useful in the removal of amorphous wax particles from oil and generally in any centrifugal processing wherein a fiowable layer is formed including solids which enclose or otherwise retain a liquid which it is desired to remove from the solids as much as possible. It is also useful in a situation in which solids would have a tendency to cling to and build up on the wall of the rotor.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational view partly in section of a centrifuge rotor embodying one form of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of a centrifiuge rotor embodying another form of the invention.
  • this invention providcs novel peripheral discharge means by which a layer of heavy liquid may be kept between the intermediate layer and the bowl wall.
  • the invention includes an inward tubular extension of the centrifuge discharge nozzle.
  • the centrifuge rotor illustrated is of the disc type, and is provided with a number of peripheral nozzles which permit continuous discharge therethrough.
  • the apparatus is broadly designated 10. It comprises a rotor 12 including a shell 14 having a central hub 16 and a top 18. The top is held down against the shell by a threaded retaining element 20.
  • the rotor is mounted on the power spindle 22, and receives center tube 24 which has its lower end disposed about the hub 16 but spaced therefrom.
  • the lower end of the center tube flares outward into a feed distribution skirt 26 spaced from the tub and shell of the rotor. Feed openings 27 are disposed in the skirt spaced inward from the outer edge.
  • a nested stack 28 of spaced frusto-conical discs Surrounding the center tube 24 is a nested stack 28 of spaced frusto-conical discs which extend upward to top 18 and have feed openings 29 in vertical alignment with the openings 27. Between the inncr periphery of the stack 28 and the center tube 24 is an annular passage 30, and in alignment therewith is an opening 32 in top 18'. A ring dam 34 is secured over opening 32 by the threaded retaining element 36. A cover 38 is provided over and about the element 36. Feed tube 40 extends into the center tube 24.
  • annular inwardly facing pocket 42 At the lower end of the rotor about the spindle 22 is an annular inwardly facing pocket 42 partially defined by a ring element 44 secured against the shell. Radially disposed accelerating vanes 46 are provided in the pocket 42. From the pocket 42 extends outward in the shell 14 the passage 48 which communicates with an upwardly directed tube 50 terminating upwardly in an opening adjaccnt the center of the rotor wall. A number of such passages and tubes may be circumferentially spaced about the axis of the rotor.
  • a plurality of nozzle holders 52 are spaced circumferentially about the wall of shell 14 and are each set in openings formed in the wall and having a stepped structure, larger in diameter at the inside of the wall than at the outer to present a shoulder 54 (FIGURE 2).
  • Each nozzle holder 52 is a cup-shaped element 56 having an outward flange 58 about the open end thereof.
  • the flange 58 rests against the shoulder 54 and is grooved about its periphery to receive a sealing ring 60.
  • the nozzle opening 62 is formed in the wall of the holder and faces rearward of the direction of rotation of the bowl.
  • the holder 52 has its central cavity of stepped construction to present a shoulder 64.
  • Controlling the discharge an orifice plate 65 having a central opening 65a of selected size may rest on shoulder 64.
  • a tube extension 66 Received into the larger portion of cavity and abutting against the orificc plate 63 is a tube extension 66 which extends inward toward the disc stack 28.
  • the tube extension 66 carries an annular groove which receives a sealing ring 68 to seal the juncture of extension 66 and the nozzle holder 52.
  • a liquid supply line 70 is provided adjacent the base of the spindle 22 and terminates upwardly in an opening adjacent the annular inward pocket 42.
  • the feed liquid may comprise for example a mixture of wax and oil in a solvent (such as methyl ethyl ketone).
  • the mixture may be previously heated to permit complete solution of all wax and then chilled as is conventional to solidify the wax.
  • This mixture is introduced through the feed tube 40 into the center tube 24, outward under skirt 28, through openings 27 and into the primary separating zone of the bowl.
  • Brine, water, or other liquid immiscible with oil and wax and of greater density than wax is introduced by the liquid supply line 70 in excess into the pocket 42 and thereby through passage 48 and tube 50 into the rotor.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 provides simple means by which wax solids, especially solids of crystalline nature, may be entrained in a carrier liquid and easily discharged from a centrifuge through peripheral nozzles without danger of contacting and sticking to the wall of the rotor. Another benefit accrues.
  • the rapid shallow localized flow of brine about the end of the extension 66 and the spilling outward of the brine into the extension 66 causes agitation of the wax solids.
  • the agitation or turbulence is probably greatest just inside the mouth of extension 66 and disturbs the concentrate of wax solids. Individual solids so disturbed release enclosed or retained portions of oil for separate flow outward through the nozzle as droplets separated from the wax.
  • the wax and oil so separated may be easily separately recovered after discharge by gravity settling procedures, for instance.
  • the rapid shallow localized flow of brine in a direction substantially tangential of the wax-brine interface causes a condition of high shear or turbulence in the wax layer thereadjacent, liberating some of the oil enclosed in wax solids for diffusion through the wax layer and discharge with the oil out through passage 30 and over ring dam 34.
  • FIGURES l and 2 Thus at least two purposes are served by the arrangement of FIGURES l and 2; effective discharge of the wax from the bowl, and a washing of the wax.
  • the structure of the rotor may be altered to include a dividing cone 72 disposed on the upper disc element of the disc stack 28' and spaced downward from the top 18' by a plurality of radial spacers to permit a passage 74 of liquid upward to the ring dam 34'.
  • the upper end of the dividing cone 72 carries a longitudinal upward extension 76 spaced outwardly from center tube 24' and terminating in a discharge weir 78. As shown, the dividing cone 72 extends outward beyond the margin of the disc stack to a radius beyond the inner end of the extension 66'.
  • the structure of the centrifuge bowl of FIGURE 3 is similar to that of FIGURE 1, and the primed form of the same reference numeral is used to designate corresponding parts.
  • feed mixture as described in connection with FIGURE 1 is fed through center tube 24', and passages 27', and brine or the like carrier liquid is fed from line 70 into the annular pocket 42.
  • the interface a is established by discharge of wax through extension '66.
  • Interface b' which may not be sharply defined is established by ring dam 34 at a position outside the disc stack 28', and the wax concentrates compact between the interfaces a' and b'.
  • the oil discharges over weir 78 and brine, entraining wax solids discharges with benefits comparable to those of the FIGURE 1 embodiment through extension 66 and opening 62'. Excess brine passes out over ring dam 34.
  • Appropriate collectors for efiluent over weir 78 and dam 34' respectively are provided (not shown).
  • a rotor may be used comparable to that of FIGURE 3 with pocket 42', passage 48' and tube 50' eliminated.
  • the interfaces a and b' establish, as the FIGURE 3 embodiment, after a period of operation, and, the brine with entrained wax solids and liberated oil discharges through the extension 66'.
  • Excess brine passes above the dividing cone 72 through passage 74 and over the ring dam 34. The oil moves inwardly of the rotor and discharges by way of extension 76 over weir 78.
  • Appropriate receiving means for the various efiluents are provided.
  • brine or the like may be introduced to the rotor through the opening in the ring dam 34 as disclosed for instance in the Jones Patent 2,407,834 issued September 17, 1946.
  • the tube 50, passage 48, etc. are eliminated.
  • the oil in solvent and wax for example, may be introduced through center tube 24'. Operation is as with the FIG- URE 3 embodiment.
  • EXAMPLE The following example meant not by way of limitation but as an illustration is representative of operation of the apparatus disclosed in FIGURE 1.
  • a rotor as disclosed in FIGURE 1 having fifty spaced discs and four peripheral nozzles with extensions 66 extending inwardly 0.47 from the inside surface rotor wall was rotated at 10,000 r.p.m.
  • liberation of oil from the zones between the wax solids as well as the entrainment of the solids themselves by the brine flow will be facilitated by the addition of surface active agents, preferably of the ionic type, such as the commercial products known in the trade as Tergitol or the various organic'phosphorous compounds, such as sodium di-decyl phosphate as discussed in the US. Patent 2,793,169, which issued May 21, 1957.
  • surface active agents preferably of the ionic type, such as the commercial products known in the trade as Tergitol or the various organic'phosphorous compounds, such as sodium di-decyl phosphate as discussed in the US. Patent 2,793,169, which issued May 21, 1957.
  • Such agents enable the carrier liquid to preferentially wet the wax solids, and replace the oil on the surfaces thereof.
  • the process and apparatus disclosed herein may be effectively used in the production of tall oil to assist in removal of interfacial solids such as lignin between the tall oil layer and the mineral acid layer.
  • the invention has application in the separation of sterols and other high molecular weight solids intermediate in density between fatty acid layer and aqueous mineral acid layer resulting from the acidulation of vegetable oil soapstocks.
  • the invention has other applications. In general, it is particularly well adapted to the removal from a liquidsolid mixture of solids having a tendency to occlude portions of a liquid phase therebetween. It results in the liberation of much of the liquid from the solids in the solids discharge. As noted, the invention also provides for removal from a zone of centrifugation of solids otherwise having a tendency to adhere to the walls of the zone.
  • a centrifuge rotor having feed means, discharge means for a lighter efliuent, and for a heavier discharge a peripheral outlet comprising in the wall of the rotor a radial opening having an enlarged inner portion to present an inwardly facing radial shoulder, a cup-shaped nozzle holder having discharge opening means spaced from the mouth thereof and a flange about the mouth, the holder being mounted in the opening, the closed end of the holder being the end more remote from the axis of the bowl and the flange abutting the shoulder; the improvement wherein said nozzle holder has an enlarged inner diameter in an annular zone adjacent its mouth to present at the outer end of the zone an annular shoulder spaced from the inner end of the holder; an inwardly directed tubular element, the outer end of the tubular element received snugly into the zone and abutting the annular shoulder, the inner end of the tubular element being spaced inward from the inside surface of the peripheral wall of the rotor most remote from the axis
  • a centrifuge rotor for continuously scpnmling intcriucinl solids from a layer ihcrcof hclwccn rcrpcctirc inncr and outer layers of light and hour liquid disposed rumularly about the axis of rotation of said rotor, mid centrifuge rotor having ,iccd means, dischru'gc mcuns for the lighter liquid, and outlet means for hcavicr ilisrliurgc in the wall of said rotor.
  • said outlet mcnns includes a plurality of discharge nozzles .tpnccd circunzfercnririlly about the pcriphcrul wall of suid rotor, and said pu.t.sngcway comprises respcctivc inwardly oricnding ruhulur extensions 0] ruid nozzles.
  • the apparatus of claim 7 further inclm'ling a dividing colic above said disc stock and spoccd below the top of said rotor to provide a first passage for conducting hcuvy liquid between the outer layer of hcuvy liquid and lhc exterior of said how], rhcrc being a second inwardly rarrcnding passage at the other end of said rotor for com ducling heavy liquid hctwecn the exterior of the bowl and the outer luycr of heavy liquid, and a sccond oullci means for tXtXS heavy liquid at one cnd of said rotor communicating with one of said passages.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US26986D 1961-10-19 1968-01-10 Centrifuge discharge means Expired USRE26986E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US146268A US3192149A (en) 1961-10-19 1961-10-19 Separation of components of liquidsolids mixtures
US69898368A 1968-01-10 1968-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE26986E true USRE26986E (en) 1970-11-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US26986D Expired USRE26986E (en) 1961-10-19 1968-01-10 Centrifuge discharge means

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US (1) USRE26986E (en(2012))
BE (1) BE623759A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1470637A1 (en(2012))
GB (1) GB947990A (en(2012))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4406651A (en) 1982-04-15 1983-09-27 Donaldson Company, Inc. Multi-phase self purging centrifuge
US20170348705A1 (en) * 2015-02-02 2017-12-07 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator for cleaning gas

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4406651A (en) 1982-04-15 1983-09-27 Donaldson Company, Inc. Multi-phase self purging centrifuge
US20170348705A1 (en) * 2015-02-02 2017-12-07 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator for cleaning gas
US10493468B2 (en) * 2015-02-02 2019-12-03 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Centrifugal separator for cleaning gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1470637A1 (de) 1969-02-13
BE623759A (en(2012))
GB947990A (en) 1964-01-29

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