USRE2538E - Improved process of producing an explosive compound - Google Patents

Improved process of producing an explosive compound Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE2538E
USRE2538E US RE2538 E USRE2538 E US RE2538E
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
glycerine
nitro
vessel
producing
improved process
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English (en)
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F Alfred Nobel
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  • the invention ot' the said ALFRED NOBEL consists of the mode or process described hereafter of mixing together T glycerine, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid, l'ree, or nearly free, from hyponitric acid, thereby producing ⁇ nitrine or crystallizing nitro-glyceine, which will not decompose, but may be solidi-lied at a moderate temperature, and may be "transported and used with greater safety than ordinary nitro-glycerine.
  • the essential physical property which dis- I tinguishes the said nitrine or crystallizing nitro-glycerine from the nitro-glycerine discovered by Sobrero, and described in chemical works, is that the former passes into a solid form when exposed to a moderate temperature, its melting-point being at 55O Fahrenheit, or thereabout, according to its purity, while the ordinary nitro-glycerine, as stated in chemical works, has been subjected to a cold below the zero of Fahrenheit without losing its liquid state, and has in fact been known for twenty years without ever having been obtained in a solid form.
  • the essential ditl'erence in the preparation between the said nitrine or crystallizing nitro-glycerine and the nitro-glycerine previously discovered is that the latter is obtained when fuming nitric acid is used in the operation, whereas the preparationy of the former requires a nitric acid free, or comparatively free, from hyponitric acid.
  • the complete distinction between the two compounds is proved by the fact that when crystallized nit-roglycerine is made with a nitric acid but little charged with hyponitric acid. a small quantity of the non-crystallizing nitro-glycerine is obtained, which .remains liquid, while, the crystallizing nitro-glycerine passes into a solid state.
  • ication- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of apparatus which may be used for manufacturing the crystallizingnitro-glycerine5 Fig. 2, a sectional elevation of another apparatus Figs. 3, Land 5, views which illustrate dilferent modes ot'explodin g the crystallizing nitro-glycerine.
  • A is a vessel of lead, stoneware, or other material which will not be injuriously atiected by the action of sulphuric or nitric acid.
  • a cap, B To this vessel is fitted a cap, B, through an opening in the center ot' which slides a rod, C, and to the lower end ot' the latter is secured a perforated disk or dasher, a.
  • a pipe, E Through the cap B extends the stem of the thermometer D, the bulb of which is immersed in the liquid in the vessel, and near the opposite edge of the cap projects a pipe, E, which communicateswith a reservoir containing a supply of glycerine.
  • the rod or dasher should be made of iron and covered with lead.
  • x At the lower end of the vessel is a cock, F, and within the vessel is a leaden coil or worm, G, through which is maintained a constant circulation ot' cold water.
  • this apparatus is as follows: The vessel A is filled, or nearly tilled, with a mixture of about two parts of strong sulphuric acidand about one part of nitric acid, free from, or but little charged with, hyponitric acid. A spigot in the tube E is then opened and glycerine admitted gradually, in about the proportion of one part to eight parts of the said mixed acids. rlhe thermometer I) serves lto show the temperature of the mixcomplete mixture.
  • ture which may be regulated by the admission ot' more or less glycerine to the vessel.
  • the mixing apparatus or dasher a is moved up and down to thoroughly agita-te the liquids and produce a
  • the vessel are withdrawn through the cock F and permitted to flow into a tank of water, the nitro-glycerine sinking in a s hort time to the bottom of the tank, from which it is withdrawn, and then thoroughly washed by agitating it with water in any suitable vessel.
  • the acids which remain in the Water after the nitrine is Withdrawn are concentrated for subsequent use by any of the ordinary processes used for concen- Although we prefer .the use of the cooling-coil G, it may be dispensed with, if desired.
  • rJDhis apparatus consists ot' a funnel-shaped perforated vessel, H, over the top of which extend the ends of two pipes, I J, one communicating with a reservoir containing glycerine, and the other with the reservoir containing the mix- .ture of acids before described, the reservoirs being situated at such a height above the vessel H that'their contents may ow through the pipes with considerable force.
  • the liquids are discharged in proper proportions into the vessel H, where they are thoroughly intermixed by the junction of two forcible streams, the mixture flowing through the perforations of the vessel into a tank of water below.
  • FIG. 3 A represents the rock, in which is drilled a hole, and into the latter is poured sutticient nitrine to reach zo the line a: x. 0 is a cylindrical block of wood, having a chamber filled with powder or guncotton, into which projects the lower end of a fuse, F. extending over the surface of the rock.
  • the fuse doa-ts in the nitrine, and the space above is iilled, or partly filled, with water or sand.
  • a percussion-cap, a is secured to the end of the fuse F.
  • FIG. 5 Inode (shown in Fig. 5)
  • the fuse terminates in a tube, b, illed with quick-powder or meal-powder, and a disk, d, of Wood is used to prevent the sand-taniping e from falling into the nitrine.
  • the charge is tired by igniting the fuse, which occasions the cartridge or cap at the lower end of the same to explode.
  • ALFRED No- BEL, andV desire to secure by Letters Patent, as a new explosive compound-
  • VVit-nes'ses y

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