Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
  • B30B11/224—Extrusion chambers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/04—Reaction products of phosphorus sulfur compounds with hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
  • C10M2201/105—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/22—Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• This invention pertains to extreme pressure lubricants and compositions for imparting extreme pressure or load carrying "properties to lubicating oils.
• the invention also pertains to a method for preparing extreme pressure agents, incorporating elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and the like, in such a manner that they will be available for suitable chemical activity under heavy load conditions.
• Extreme pressure additives containing active sulfur, phosphorus, or chlorine, or two or more of these, are eflective to react immediately with the metal surfaces at their higher temperatures to form a protective metal sulfide, phosphide, or chloride film which serves temporarily as a lubricating medium until the normal oil film between the parts can be reestablished. Extreme pressure additives are, therefore, reactive with the metals they lubricate to form extremely thin protective film thereon when the temperature rises due to normal oil film failure.
• compositions having extreme pressure properties and other desirable properties for use in lubricating oil compositions and the like may be prepared from variousglycol esters of ordinary rosin and related hydrogenated materials and from fatty acids and other organic acids.
• glycols which may be employed vary widely in respect to chain length, hydroxyl groups, ether linkages or in other aspects, varying with requirements of oil solubility, reactive oxygen groups, reactive double bonds and the like.
• the glycol esters can be represented by the generalized formula:
• X represents oxygen or sulfur
• n represents an integer from 1 to 4
• Y represents hydrogen or an 0 R group and R and R represent hydrocarbon radicals and Z and Z are radicals consisting of H or an alkyl hydrocarbon having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• esters used in the present invention have at least one double bond capable of reacting with sulfur, phosphorus sulfide, a phosphorus halide, oxyhalides, selenides, and the like.
• R and R in the above formula may be aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic, or cyclic [,1 hydrocarbon radicals such as acid residue, that is to say that portion of an organic acid exclusive of the carbonyl group, it is necessary that R or R contain an ethylenic bond.
• both R and R contain ethylenic bonds, and contain from 11 to 21 carbon atoms.
• glycols and acids may be esterifled in various combinations to form a wide variety of useful esters, which may be used to prepare the additives of the invention. It is to be understood, however, that the compounds listed are given for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the invention, which is limited only by the appended claims.
• Talloil Mixed rosin acids Lard oil acids
• Sperm oil acids of these esters those which contain one aliphatic acid and one cyclic or substituted cyclic acid are preferred.
• the ester is sulfurized and phosphorized.
• the ester is first reacted with elemental sulfur, for example, by heating at a temperature somewhat in excess of 250 F. and preferably in the range of 200 to 500 F.
• the reaction time may vary from about one hour to 10 hours although by the addition of a sulfurization catalyst, such as sulfur chloride or sulfur dichloride and the like, the reaction may be hastened somewhat.
• the sulfurized product is then reacted with a bi-elemental phosphorus compound for example, P453, P451, PzSs, PCls, PCls, P205, etc.
• the phosphorizing reaction is suitably carried out at relatively low temperatures of the order of 150 to 250 F., preferably in the range of 200 to 230 F. A lower temperature is ordinarily required in the case of halides. In general this reaction may be completed in from to 12 hours.
• the sulfurization and phosphorization is carried out simultaneously by reacting the ester with a sulfide of phosphorus, or with a mixture of sulfur and a bielemental phosphorus compound. In this modiflcation the reactants are heated to 150 to 250 1", preferably to 200 to 230 F. for 2-5 hours, and then further heated to a higher temperature preferably in the range 300-400 F. for several hours, or until a product is obtained which does not blacken copper when tested in the concentration in which the additive is to be employed.
• This preparation was repeated three times on a larger scale and the products showed essentially the same analyses and performance characteristics.
• a mixture of the three preparations was blended with mineral oil as follows to produce a lubricant for full scale axle driving tests.
• Example III 1.0% a wax-naphthalene pour depressant 34.0% Pennsylvania steam refined cylinder oil of 1 230.9 vis./2l0 BUS 55.0% Mid-Continent acid refined lubricating stock of 50.5 via/210 SUB The resulting lubricant was found to perform satisfactorily in automotive hypoid gears under conditions of either high torque and low speed (truck type operation) or high speed and low torque (passenger car type operation).
• ester just described was treated in the same manner as shown in Example I. After sulfurizing, this ester contained 4.49% sulfur, and after phosphorizing, it contained 0.26% phosphorus and 4.54% sulfur.
• Various conventional additives may be employed in connection with the extreme pressure compound described above, such as thickeners. oiliness agents, oxidation inhibitors, tackiness agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and the like. These materials may also be used in greases thickened with soaps, carbon blacks, silica gel and other known greaseforming materials.
• An extreme pressure additive for mineral base lubricating oils consisting essentially of an ester having the formula wherein X is an element selected from the class consisting of oxygen and sulfur; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4;
• Z and Z are radicals selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and parafilnic hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• ester being treated with a sufficient amount of elemental sulfur at a temperature of from 250 F. to 500 F. for from 1 to 10 hours so that the final product contains from about 4.49% to about 8.1% sulfur, and then treated with a sufficient amount of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature of from F. to 250 F. for from 6 to 12 hours so that the final product contains about 0.21% to 0.31% prosphorus.
• An extreme pressure additive for mineral base lubricating oils consisting essentially of the ethylene glycol ester of tall oil which has been reacted with an amount of elemental sulfur for from 1 to 10 hours at a temperature of from 250 F. to 500 F. so that the final product contains from about 4.49 to 8.1% sulfur and then reacted with a sufilcient amount of a phosphorus sulfide at a. temperature of from 150 F. to 250 F. for from 6 to 12 hours so that the final product contains from about 0.21% to 0.31% phosphorus.
• a lubricating oil composition consisting essentially of a mineral oil base stock containing combined therein from 1 to 20% by weight, based Yis 7 on the total composition. of an ester having the formula O R-t -xczrz-orrz'x-).-Y wherein at is an element selected from the class consisting of oxygen and sulfur; n is aninteser ranging from -1 to 4;
• a phosphorous sulfide at a temperature of from 150 F. to 250 F. for from 6 to 12 hours so that the final product contains about 0.21% to 0.31% phosphorus.
• a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a mineral oil base stock having combined therein from 1 to 20% by weight based on the total composition of the ethylene glycol ester 01' tall oil which has been reacted with an amount of elemental sulfur for from 1 to 10 hours at a temperature of from 250' F. to 500 F. so that the ilnal product contains from about 4.49 to 8.1% sulfur and then reacted with a sufficient amount of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature of from 100' F. to 250' F. for from 6 to 12 hours so that the final product contains from about 0.21% to 0.21% phosphorus.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=21855016

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

• 0
  • NL NL75819D patent/NL75819C/xx active
  • US US23671D patent/USRE23671E/en not_active Expired
• 1949
  • 1949-11-30 FR FR1000461D patent/FR1000461A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1949-12-15 CH CH306060D patent/CH306060A/de unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents