USRE23115E - Method - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- USRE23115E USRE23115E US23115DE USRE23115E US RE23115 E USRE23115 E US RE23115E US 23115D E US23115D E US 23115DE US RE23115 E USRE23115 E US RE23115E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- acid
- plants
- compounds
- growth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 11
- -1 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000006578 abscission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003054 hormonal Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 5
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005631 2,4-D Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005781 Avena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 Cell Wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940039717 Lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007119 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NPKSPKHJBVJUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylglycine Chemical class OC(=O)CNC1=CC=CC=C1 NPKSPKHJBVJUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSDVLRONTCKCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chloroanilino)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC1=CC=CC=C1Cl NSDVLRONTCKCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQYFNRLWBWCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=CC=C1Cl OPQYFNRLWBWCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXUIDZOMTRMIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXUIDZOMTRMIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004507 Abies alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000724 Berberis vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 Blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000208365 Celastraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- SQYQSCCUESWRMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)N=CC(=O)O Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)N=CC(=O)O SQYQSCCUESWRMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFJTYIZJEPTCNW-YFHOEESVSA-N Cl\C(\C(=O)O)=N/C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound Cl\C(\C(=O)O)=N/C1=CC=CC=C1 SFJTYIZJEPTCNW-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000590 Cydonia oblonga Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017788 Cydonia oblonga Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006497 Dianthus caryophyllus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009355 Dianthus caryophyllus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000555712 Forsythia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001690 Hibiscus syriacus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018081 Hibiscus syriacus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001589 Hydrangea macrophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014486 Hydrangea macrophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209027 Ilex aquifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003332 Ilex aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000735234 Ligustrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002823 Mahonia aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001047 Malus domestica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000129 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 Poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241000201976 Polycarpon Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940083608 Sodium Hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000336 Solanum dulcamara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002686 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001092387 Spiraea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004338 Syringa vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004203 Syringa vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001116500 Taxus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 Urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000240 adjuvant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(0) Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036253 epinasty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 grape Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 grape Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002294 holly Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002296 holly Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003688 hormone derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001816 nastic movements Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organs Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 229940090668 parachlorophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D231/18—One oxygen or sulfur atom
Definitions
- This invention relates to plant regulants and is particularly directed to plant regulant compositions containing as an essential active ingredient a monocarboxylic acid having one of its carbon atoms linked to a nuclear halogenated aromatic ring by means of a polyvalentn strongly negative, non-metallic atom, namely, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen (imino), and to methods in which the growth characteristics of plants are modified by the application of such compounds.
- plant growth substances also known as auxins, plant hormones, plant growth stimulants, and referred to herein simply as plant regulants
- plant regulants in very minut quantities control or regulate the growth of the plant cell, a property which can be determined qualitatively and quantitatively by such standard test procedures known as the Avena coleoptile curvature test of Boysen-Jensen (Growth Hormones in Plan translated and revised by G. S. Avery, Jr., and P. R. Burkholder. McGraw-Hill, New York), the Avena cylinder or straight growth test of 'I'himann (Proc. Acad. 801., Amsterdam, vol. 38, p. 896-912 (1935)), the split pea stem curvature test of Went (Proc. Acad. Sci., Amsterdam, vol.
- the strongly negative, polyvalent, non-metallic atoms, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen (imino), are similarly characterized in that they are thrice removed in the periodic system from a metallic element in the sense that boron is once removed from beryllium, carbon twice removed, and nitrogen thrice removed, and are recognized in the art as having kindred effects as to distribution of electrons in compounds of which they form a part.
- the compounds to which this invention relates are all characterized by having a nuclear halogenated aromatic ring linked through such a strongly negative polyvalent atom to a carbon atom of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. They may :be represented by the general formula XnR-AR'-COOH wherein X is a halogen, n is an integer, R is an aromatic ring, A is oxygen, sulfur or imlno nitrogen (,NH-), and R is a bivalent hydrocarbon radical having carbon atom attachment to A. R preferably is aliphatic and has less than nine carbon atoms.
- I may be any of the halogens, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine, the preferred halogen being chlorine or bromine, of which the more preferred is chlorine.
- the number be not greater than 2. still more preferably that it be one.
- the reason for this preference is the fact that injury to plants increases with the increasing number of halogens, the greater the number the greater the injury.
- substituents in the orthoand para-positions are preferred to those of the meta. Mixtures of these position isomers are suitable for this use.
- more highly halogenated compounds may be used though the plant tolerance is generally less.
- the radical R is an aromatic ring radical such as phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indolyl. quinolinyl, etc., phenyl being the preferred type.
- the group A is represented by S-, and NH-- groups, and the group R'COOH represents the radical of a monocarboxylic acid, for example, the radical which is left when hydrogen is severed from carbon in a fatty acid or other monocarboxylic acid.
- the acid should have at least two and preferably not more than nine carbon atoms. Unless the free acid is specified it is intended that the ester, amide and salt, preferably the water-soluble types, are included by reason of equivalency.
- the acid may be fixed as the sodium or potassium salt, the unsubstituted amide or the esters of lower aliphatic alcohols.
- R preferably is alkylene or arylene, and the group --R'COOH may be the radical of benzoic acid, acetic acid. propionic acid, butyric acid. etc.
- the nuclear halogenated compounds of this invention may for the most part be synthesized from available raw materials economically and without diiiiculty.
- the haloaryloxy acetic acids are conveniently obtained from halogenated phenols and chloracetlc acid in the presence of alkali. In this way para-chlorophenol, chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide yield 4-chl0rophenoxyacetic acid.
- the mercapto compounds may be prepared in a similar manner by using halogenated thiophenols, while the halogenated N-phenyl-glycines can also be obtained from nuclear halogenated anilines.
- N- (4- chlorophenyl) -glyci.ne is obtained from parachloroaniline and chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
- This compound can also be obtained in another way from parachloroaniline. formaldehyde and sodium cyanide through the intermediate nitrile which is hydrolyzed to the acid according to the procedure described in Berichte 41, p. 3792. All of these intermediates are readily available raw materials and the syntheses are easily carried out.
- they may be applied to cuttings to stimulate root formation, they may be applied to ornamental plants to delay fall of leaves and needles; they may be applied to fruit trees to delay or prevent preharvest drop, they may be applied to seed tubers and the like for regulating germination, to stimulate or inhibit sprouting, or to stimulate development of roots; they may be used for "fortifying-fertilizers and plant food; and they may be used in the production of parthenocarpic or seedless varieties of fruits and berries.
- N- (4-bromo- -mature plants may be used on seeds or N- (4-bromo- -mature plants to regulate the development of the plants when desired to avoid drought, frost and other adverse conditions, or to stimulate root activity in cuttings or transplanted plants, or to modify the abscission cells to prevent premature drop of buds, leaves, and fruit, particularly applan.
- N- (4-bromo- -mature plants may be used on seeds or N- (4-bromo- -mature plants to regulate the development of the plants when desired to avoid drought, frost and other adverse conditions, or to stimulate root activity in cuttings or transplanted plants, or to modify the abscission cells to prevent premature drop of buds, leaves, and fruit, particularly applan.
- the term plant as used herein and in the appended claims is intended to include seeds.
- aqueous solutions will be found most desirable. These solutions may include wetting agents or adhesives, or both. Colloidal materials such as the soluble gums or resins may be included: also, water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- the compounds also may be applied in admixture with other diluents either as pastesor dusts.
- the materials may be incorporated in oils, fats, or similar'vehicles such as lanolin, olive oil, paraflin oil, lard or hydrogenated vegetable oils, or in a finely divided inert material such as talc. flour, fuller's earth, clay or other soluble divided solids.
- the compound is applied to cuttings.
- Typical applications are given in the following examples:
- Example 1 A series of 20 carnation cuttings is soaked for 3% hours with an aqueous solution containing 60 mflllgrams of 2-chlorophenoxyacetic acid per liter, while another series is simply soaked in or insoluble finely water for purposes of comparison. The cuttings are then placed in clean sand and watered occasionally. After three weeks they are examined for the extent of rooting. The results are indicated by the following table.
- dilute aqueous solutions of the synthetic plant hormone in concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 milligrams per liter or compounded dusts or powders containing 0.1 to per cent or more of the active ingredient may be used.
- concentration will necessarily depend upon the variety or species of plants which, of course, vary in their sensitivity to such treatment.
- duration of treatment or exposure to these stimulants will vary from about 1 hour to 2 or more days, again depending upon the plant and the concentration.
- lanolin pastes of the compound In comparing the intensity of the hormone-like activity of compounds it is customary to apply lanolin pastes of the compound to two-week old tomato seedlings.
- the paste is applied to the stem at and below the highest branch or internode by' means of a glass rod.
- Typical hormonelike efiects are characterized by epinasty of the leaves and curvature of the stem occurring within several hours and by callous tissue developing at the point of application after several days.
- hormone-like responses characterized known plant stimulants such as gamma-3-indolebutyric acid and l-naphthaleneacetic acid, and comparably characterize the compounds of the present invention.
- the superficial efiects characterized by swelling, twisting, and bending of the test plant and development of callous tissue is presumably due to some specific action on the cellular development of the plant, particularly the cell wall tis-' sue.
- the synthetic plant hormones are effective in regulating the deposition of abscission tissue connecting the plant organs, leaves, blossoms, and fruit to the plant stem or stamen. From the practical standpoint, therefore, the present synthetic plant hormones are useful in controlling or delaying the fall of leaves, blooms, and fruit.
- the following example illustrates an important application to cut evergreens such as Christmas trees.
- Example 3 placed in a constant temperature room running at 82 F. and about 30 per cent relative humidity. For purposes of comparison, a control group is untreated but simply sprayed with water. Six days later the weight of drop needles and needles remaining on the limbs is determined and the per cent drop calculated. The results are summarized as follows:
- the present compounds can also be applied to plants not only for delaying the abscission of leaves and needles but also for preventing the premature fall of fruits, particularly apples.
- the compounds are applied several days in advance of the time at which these falls are apt to occur.
- Such varieties of apple as Stayman Winesap, Delicious, McIntosh and Williams are effectively prevented from premature falling or wind falling by this treatment.
- the application is carried out by mixing the compound with a suitable diluent or powdery carrier and thus may be sprayed or dusted on the plant or tree.
- a water solution, suspension, or emulsion containing from 1-200 grams per gallons of water or approximately from a dilution of /400000 to /2000 can be used.
- compositions of talc, clay, flour, and the like containing from 2 to 100 parts per 100,000 can also be used. Such compositions may vary in these limits. depending upon the type of plant, time and frequency of treatment. In some cases even lower or higher concentrations may be necessary.
- the compounds of this invention are very useof fertilizer.
- . 1 ful in stimulating and increasing the germination of seeds and tubers as well as the growth of plants therefrom.
- they may be applied by either mixing the seeds with dusts made from talc, clay, or fiour or-by immersing the seeds in dilute aqueous solution or suspension.
- the treatment of seeds may also be carried out simultane- 8 an essential active ingredient a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its esters, amides, and salts.
- 2. 4 plant regulant composition containing as an essential active ingredient a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichloously with any treatments for preventing the rot or any fungus attack onth'e seeds.
- theconcentration of active ingredient should be from 0.5 to 5'per cent, while a much lower concentration will suiiice-for'the aqueous solution, namely from 0.005 to'0.5 per cent.
- Another method for regulating plant growth by the use of the present compounds consists'of-in corporating these halogen aryl organic acids in fertilizers and plant'foods or nutrients such as phenoxyacetic acid, its esters,
- the present compounds may be added in pure form or, preferably, diluted with a dust or water solution, dusted or sprayed into the fertilizer and then mixed either by spadi'ng or, with large quantlties, in the usual type"of mixing mills.
- the-suitable concentrations will range from 0.002 oz. to 0.2 oz. per ton
- Another application of the synthetic plant hormones for which the present compounds are also particularly suitable is the production of par thenocarpic or seedless variety of fruit.
- the method of regulating the growth characteristics of the; :piant which comprises treating the plant with a compound selected from the group consisting of za dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
Description
Reissued May 24, 1949 PLANT REGULANT COMPOSITION METHOD John F. Lontz, Nutley, N. J., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del, a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Original No. 2,322,761, dated June 29, 1943, Serial No. 431,696, February 20, 1942. Application for reissue June 26, 1948, Serial No.
Claims. (Cl. 47'-5a) 1 This invention relates to plant regulants and is particularly directed to plant regulant compositions containing as an essential active ingredient a monocarboxylic acid having one of its carbon atoms linked to a nuclear halogenated aromatic ring by means of a polyvalentn strongly negative, non-metallic atom, namely, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen (imino), and to methods in which the growth characteristics of plants are modified by the application of such compounds.
In the science of phytology, or plant physiology, it i universally recognized that certain factors regarded as growth regulators or growthpromoting substances are responsible for the fundamental and directive development of plant life. These regulators have been isolated from vegetative and reproductive parts of a variety of plants, pollens, the endosperm of many seeds, fungi, and urine and have been identified as to their chemical structure. In addition, a number of synthetic compounds displaying regulatory effects similar to those of the naturally occurring products have also been discovered. These plant growth substances, also known as auxins, plant hormones, plant growth stimulants, and referred to herein simply as plant regulants," in very minut quantities control or regulate the growth of the plant cell, a property which can be determined qualitatively and quantitatively by such standard test procedures known as the Avena coleoptile curvature test of Boysen-Jensen (Growth Hormones in Plan translated and revised by G. S. Avery, Jr., and P. R. Burkholder. McGraw-Hill, New York), the Avena cylinder or straight growth test of 'I'himann (Proc. Acad. 801., Amsterdam, vol. 38, p. 896-912 (1935)), the split pea stem curvature test of Went (Proc. Acad. Sci., Amsterdam, vol.
37, p. 547 (1934)), and the green tissue test of Hitchcock and Zimmerman (Contributions from Boyce-Thompson Institute, vol. 9, No. 5, p. 463 518 (1938)).
While fundamentally these substances control the development of the cell, particularly its elongation and division, the total or superficial responses to these substances'are manifested in such various ways as inducing nastic movement, bending and swelling, proliferation, and overgrowth of leaves and stems, control of root growth, development of callous tissue, increased camblal activity, deposition of new cell wall and abscission tissue, and the initiation of new roots on stems and leaves. The practical aspects of these properties include propagation of plants 2 from cuttings, hastening of flower bud formation, hormonization" of cereal grains for controllin germination and growth. parthenogenic development of fruit, delaying or controlling the fall of leaves, buds and fruit, and inhibiting sprouting, budding, or flowering.
In the successful application of plant regulants to various of these purposes it is important that the concentration of the compound in a suitable treating medium and the time of treatment, both of which, particularly with some compounds, are highly critical, be adjusted carefully. If this concentration/time factor is exceeded by using either a higher concentration or longer treating time the regulating eflect may vanish and instead considerable injury to the plant develop.
Of the various types of known plant regulants, a summary of which may be found in U. S. Patent 2,220,505, l-naphthaleneacetic acid has probably obtained the most signiflcance'in the art. On the basis of cost efficiency and ease of synthesis it appears to be most outstanding, yet its synthesis is by no means simple and its range of tolerance is too sharp to provide sufficient margin of safety in the hands of unskilled workmen.
I have now found that aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having a carbon atom linked to a nuclear halogenated aromatic ring through a strongly negative, polyvalent, non-metallic atom have plant regulating properties. My observations indicate that the nuclear halogen substituent intensifies weak or latent hormone activity or imparts hormone-like activity without apparently ailecting the plant tolerance so that the nuclear halogenated compounds of my invention may be applied to plants for the purpose of regulating the growth characteristics with a large measure of success and a wide margin of safety.
The strongly negative, polyvalent, non-metallic atoms, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen (imino), are similarly characterized in that they are thrice removed in the periodic system from a metallic element in the sense that boron is once removed from beryllium, carbon twice removed, and nitrogen thrice removed, and are recognized in the art as having kindred effects as to distribution of electrons in compounds of which they form a part.
The compounds to which this invention relates are all characterized by having a nuclear halogenated aromatic ring linked through such a strongly negative polyvalent atom to a carbon atom of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. They may :be represented by the general formula XnR-AR'-COOH wherein X is a halogen, n is an integer, R is an aromatic ring, A is oxygen, sulfur or imlno nitrogen (,NH-), and R is a bivalent hydrocarbon radical having carbon atom attachment to A. R preferably is aliphatic and has less than nine carbon atoms.
Thus, I may be any of the halogens, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine, the preferred halogen being chlorine or bromine, of which the more preferred is chlorine. From the standpoint of the number of halogens on the aromatic ring as represented by the integer n, it is preferable that the number be not greater than 2. still more preferably that it be one. The reason for this preference is the fact that injury to plants increases with the increasing number of halogens, the greater the number the greater the injury. In the case of mono-halogen derivatives substituents in the orthoand para-positions are preferred to those of the meta. Mixtures of these position isomers are suitable for this use. Also, more highly halogenated compounds may be used though the plant tolerance is generally less.
The radical R is an aromatic ring radical such as phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indolyl. quinolinyl, etc., phenyl being the preferred type. The group A is represented by S-, and NH-- groups, and the group R'COOH represents the radical of a monocarboxylic acid, for example, the radical which is left when hydrogen is severed from carbon in a fatty acid or other monocarboxylic acid. The
acid should have at least two and preferably not more than nine carbon atoms. Unless the free acid is specified it is intended that the ester, amide and salt, preferably the water-soluble types, are included by reason of equivalency. For example, the acid may be fixed as the sodium or potassium salt, the unsubstituted amide or the esters of lower aliphatic alcohols. R preferably is alkylene or arylene, and the group --R'COOH may be the radical of benzoic acid, acetic acid. propionic acid, butyric acid. etc.
The nuclear halogenated compounds of this invention may for the most part be synthesized from available raw materials economically and without diiiiculty. The haloaryloxy acetic acids are conveniently obtained from halogenated phenols and chloracetlc acid in the presence of alkali. In this way para-chlorophenol, chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide yield 4-chl0rophenoxyacetic acid. The mercapto compounds may be prepared in a similar manner by using halogenated thiophenols, while the halogenated N-phenyl-glycines can also be obtained from nuclear halogenated anilines. For example, N- (4- chlorophenyl) -glyci.ne is obtained from parachloroaniline and chloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This compound can also be obtained in another way from parachloroaniline. formaldehyde and sodium cyanide through the intermediate nitrile which is hydrolyzed to the acid according to the procedure described in Berichte 41, p. 3792. All of these intermediates are readily available raw materials and the syntheses are easily carried out.
By one or the other of the methods outlined above, or by any other suitable method, numerous compounds having the characteristic structure of nuclear halogenated compounds having an aromatic nucleus linked through a strongly negative, polyvalent, non-metallic atom to the residue of a monocarboxylic acid may be prepared. The following compounds are illustrative:
2-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-bromophenoxyacetic acid 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid 2-chlorophenylmercaptoacetic acid 4-chlorophenylmercaptoacetic acid 4-iodophenyhnercaptoacetic acid Z-chlorophenyliminoacetic acid (N-(2 chlorophenyl) glycine) 4-chlorophenyliminoaceticacid (N-(4-chlorophenyl) glycine) 4-bromophenyliminoacetic acid phenyl) glycine) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-dibromophenylmercaptoacetic acid 2,4-dichlorophenyliminoacetic acid (N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) glycine) 2-chloro-l-naphthoxyacetic acid 4-chloro-l-naphthyliminoacetic acid 2,4-dichlorc-l-naphthoxyacetic acid I The compounds of this invention may be used in a variety of ways to regulate the growth characteristics of the plant. For example, they may be applied to cuttings to stimulate root formation, they may be applied to ornamental plants to delay fall of leaves and needles; they may be applied to fruit trees to delay or prevent preharvest drop, they may be applied to seed tubers and the like for regulating germination, to stimulate or inhibit sprouting, or to stimulate development of roots; they may be used for "fortifying-fertilizers and plant food; and they may be used in the production of parthenocarpic or seedless varieties of fruits and berries. In their various applications they may be used on seeds or N- (4-bromo- -mature plants to regulate the development of the plants when desired to avoid drought, frost and other adverse conditions, or to stimulate root activity in cuttings or transplanted plants, or to modify the abscission cells to prevent premature drop of buds, leaves, and fruit, particularly applan. 'In all their applications they are applied to living plant cells in such concentrations as will regulate or control the growth characteristics of the plant. For the purpose of this invention it will be understood that the term plant" as used herein and in the appended claims is intended to include seeds.
In the application of the compound for these various purposes different compositions may be employed. For the most part aqueous solutions will be found most desirable. These solutions may include wetting agents or adhesives, or both. Colloidal materials such as the soluble gums or resins may be included: also, water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol. The compounds also may be applied in admixture with other diluents either as pastesor dusts. Thus the materials may be incorporated in oils, fats, or similar'vehicles such as lanolin, olive oil, paraflin oil, lard or hydrogenated vegetable oils, or in a finely divided inert material such as talc. flour, fuller's earth, clay or other soluble divided solids.
According to one form or my invention the compound is applied to cuttings. Typical applications are given in the following examples:
Example 1 A series of 20 carnation cuttings is soaked for 3% hours with an aqueous solution containing 60 mflllgrams of 2-chlorophenoxyacetic acid per liter, while another series is simply soaked in or insoluble finely water for purposes of comparison. The cuttings are then placed in clean sand and watered occasionally. After three weeks they are examined for the extent of rooting. The results are indicated by the following table.
Extent of Rooting Series Heavy Medium Light No Roots Water check l 2 9 R Treated 1 13 5 6 1 1 01' these 8 are very heavily rooted.
Example 2 Extent of Rooting Series Heavy Medium Light No Roots Treated 2 3 6 5 Water check 0 7 9 These results show definite root stimulating eifect as evident by the larger number of heavy rootings and illustrate the application of the invention to the propagation of plants from cuttings. This treatment is equally applicable to other varieties of plants and is useful for the propagation of not onl the ornamental and flowering variety of plants such as holly, Taxus, Forsythia, Althea, barberry, quince, Hydrangea, lilac, privet, rose, Spirea, bittersweet and others, but also for economically important plants such as apple, grape, citrus, peach, pear, etc. For such propagations either dilute aqueous solutions of the synthetic plant hormone in concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 milligrams per liter or compounded dusts or powders containing 0.1 to per cent or more of the active ingredient may be used. The concentration will necessarily depend upon the variety or species of plants which, of course, vary in their sensitivity to such treatment. The duration of treatment or exposure to these stimulants will vary from about 1 hour to 2 or more days, again depending upon the plant and the concentration.
In comparing the intensity of the hormone-like activity of compounds it is customary to apply lanolin pastes of the compound to two-week old tomato seedlings. The paste is applied to the stem at and below the highest branch or internode by' means of a glass rod. Typical hormonelike efiects are characterized by epinasty of the leaves and curvature of the stem occurring within several hours and by callous tissue developing at the point of application after several days. Such hormone-like responses characterized known plant stimulants such as gamma-3-indolebutyric acid and l-naphthaleneacetic acid, and comparably characterize the compounds of the present invention. Thus, such compounds as 2- chlorophenoxyacetic, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic, 4- bromophenoxyacetic, '2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids and N- (4chlorophenyl) glycine give the characteristic responses in comparable degree to the more eflective known stimulants. In general the response obtained is much more intense than with the parent unhalogenated compounds. For example, N-(4-chlorophenyl) glycine showed definite response inside of four hours under conditions in which N-phenylglycine was wholly ineilective.
The superficial efiects characterized by swelling, twisting, and bending of the test plant and development of callous tissue is presumably due to some specific action on the cellular development of the plant, particularly the cell wall tis-' sue. For this reason, the synthetic plant hormones are effective in regulating the deposition of abscission tissue connecting the plant organs, leaves, blossoms, and fruit to the plant stem or stamen. From the practical standpoint, therefore, the present synthetic plant hormones are useful in controlling or delaying the fall of leaves, blooms, and fruit. The following example illustrates an important application to cut evergreens such as Christmas trees.
Example 3 placed in a constant temperature room running at 82 F. and about 30 per cent relative humidity. For purposes of comparison, a control group is untreated but simply sprayed with water. Six days later the weight of drop needles and needles remaining on the limbs is determined and the per cent drop calculated. The results are summarized as follows:
It will be seen from the above table that the abscission of the needles in terms of per cent drop is decreased appreciably by treatment with the present synthetic hormones, thus extending the good appearance of the plants for such ornamental purposes.
The present compounds can also be applied to plants not only for delaying the abscission of leaves and needles but also for preventing the premature fall of fruits, particularly apples. For such an application, the compounds are applied several days in advance of the time at which these falls are apt to occur. Such varieties of apple as Stayman Winesap, Delicious, McIntosh and Williams are effectively prevented from premature falling or wind falling by this treatment. The application is carried out by mixing the compound with a suitable diluent or powdery carrier and thus may be sprayed or dusted on the plant or tree. For spraying purposes, a water solution, suspension, or emulsion containing from 1-200 grams per gallons of water or approximately from a dilution of /400000 to /2000 can be used. With such sprays may be incorporated other adjuvants serving to improve contact and coverage on the tree or plant. Compositions of talc, clay, flour, and the like, containing from 2 to 100 parts per 100,000 can also be used. Such compositions may vary in these limits. depending upon the type of plant, time and frequency of treatment. In some cases even lower or higher concentrations may be necessary.
The compounds of this invention are very useof fertilizer.
. 1 ful in stimulating and increasing the germination of seeds and tubers as well as the growth of plants therefrom. For this purpose they may be applied by either mixing the seeds with dusts made from talc, clay, or fiour or-by immersing the seeds in dilute aqueous solution or suspension. The treatment of seeds may also be carried out simultane- 8 an essential active ingredient a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its esters, amides, and salts. 2. 4 plant regulant composition containing as an essential active ingredient a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichloously with any treatments for preventing the rot or any fungus attack onth'e seeds. In applying the dust treatment theconcentration of active ingredient should be from 0.5 to 5'per cent, while a much lower concentration will suiiice-for'the aqueous solution, namely from 0.005 to'0.5 per cent.
Another method for regulating plant growth by the use of the present compounds consists'of-in corporating these halogen aryl organic acids in fertilizers and plant'foods or nutrients such as phenoxyacetic acid, its esters,
manure, bone meal, peat, ground hulls, dried blood, ground phosphate, potash, and urea prod- 5 acts. This may be regarded as fortifying the plant foods. To obtain a uniform mixture the present compounds may be added in pure form or, preferably, diluted with a dust or water solution, dusted or sprayed into the fertilizer and then mixed either by spadi'ng or, with large quantlties, in the usual type"of mixing mills. For such hormonized fertilizers, the-suitable concentrations will range from 0.002 oz. to 0.2 oz. per ton Another application of the synthetic plant hormones for which the present compounds are also particularly suitable is the production of par thenocarpic or seedless variety of fruit. This is accomplished more expeditiously, particularly on large scale by spraying the flower buds, preferably several times while flowering continues, with dilute aqueous solutions of the compounds, ranging from a concentration of 0.05 to 1.0 g. or more per liter. The concentration for the optimum results will vary with the variety of plant, season, frequency of treatment, etc. Parthenocarpic or seedless fruit can thus be developed in the case of such plants as tomato, squash, cucumber, wa.- ter'melon, pepper, eggplant, "etc.
While I have disclosed my invention with reference to particular applications it is to be understood that it is not limited in these respects but is directed to the application of the particular regulant described in any manner which leads to alteration, i. e., regulation and control of the growth characteristics of plants. The general characteristic of a plant stimulant is that of modifying the development of the plant, not simply as in the "case of a fertilizer by providing amore proper food but actually by altering and controlling the growth characteristics of the plant in the various ways already set forth, nor are they to be confused with plant poisons which simply alter and destroy. Additionally, the plant stimulant is effective in minute amounts, the effective concentration being easily set forth in parts per million or milligrams per liter.
Since many widely differing embodiments of the invention may be made it is to. be understood that such modifications as come within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of theclaims.
I claim:
-rophenoxyacetic acid, its esters, amides. and salts, together with a finely divided diiuen 3.-A fortified plant nutrient composition comprising a finely divided plant nutrient--and a minor amount of a comp'ound'jselecter'i rmm the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,'its esters, amides, and T 4.,A plant regulant' composition containing as an .essential active; ingredienta compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichloro,- amides, and salts, together .with a wetting agent.
5. A plant regulant composition containing as an essential active ingredient-an ester of 2,4- hi r zacstic .6 I n the propagation of plants the method of regulating the growth characteristics of the ,DlBDtMfi lLcnmprisestreating the plant with a compound selected from the group consisting eflf 2,;4-dicl'ilor ophenoxyacetic acid, its esters, amides, and salts. i
,7. In the propagationof plants the method of regulating the growth characteristics of the; :piant which comprises treating the plant with a compound selected from the group consisting of za dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
diluent.
8. In the propagation of plants the method of regulating the growth characteristics of the plant which comprises treating the plant with a finely divided plant nutrient and a minor amount of ZA-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its esters, amides,
amides, and salts together with a wetting agent.
10. In the propagation of plants the method of regulating the growth characteristics of the plant which comprises treating the plant with an ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
JOHN F. LONTZ.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,396,513 Jones Mar. 12, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Pokorny, "Some Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 63 (June 1941) p. 1768.
Bischofi', Ber. Deut. Chem., vol. 33 (1900), pp. 1603-1605.
Thompson, Gardeners Assistant,"
pp. 62 and 63, 1878.
its esters,- amides, and salts together with a finely divided
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2768889A (en) * | 1952-02-04 | 1956-10-30 | Jeremiah F Twomey | Agricultural composition |
US2891854A (en) * | 1954-06-16 | 1959-06-23 | Geigy Chem Corp | Chelated iron compositions |
US4834789A (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1989-05-30 | Dan Carlson Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Process for treating plants |
WO1990013996A1 (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1990-11-29 | Dan Carlson Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Process for treating plants |
US5262380A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-11-16 | Dowelanco | Herbicidal compositions with increased crop safety |
-
0
- US US23115D patent/USRE23115E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2768889A (en) * | 1952-02-04 | 1956-10-30 | Jeremiah F Twomey | Agricultural composition |
US2891854A (en) * | 1954-06-16 | 1959-06-23 | Geigy Chem Corp | Chelated iron compositions |
US4834789A (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1989-05-30 | Dan Carlson Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Process for treating plants |
WO1990013996A1 (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1990-11-29 | Dan Carlson Scientific Enterprises, Inc. | Process for treating plants |
US5262380A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-11-16 | Dowelanco | Herbicidal compositions with increased crop safety |
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