USRE22995E - Method and apparatus fob molecular - Google Patents

Method and apparatus fob molecular Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USRE22995E
USRE22995E US22995DE USRE22995E US RE22995 E USRE22995 E US RE22995E US 22995D E US22995D E US 22995DE US RE22995 E USRE22995 E US RE22995E
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
liquid
molecules
vibration
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
Other languages
English (en)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Publication date
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USRE22995E publication Critical patent/USRE22995E/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/30—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
    • F16F9/306—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium of the constrained layer type, i.e. comprising one or more constrained viscoelastic layers

Definitions

  • a very simple, practical and useful vibration absorber is produced operable in accordance with the gas law" as distinguished from the "law of springs," is capable of supporting heavy loads without permanent deformation or injury and whose natural period of vibration is exceedingly high.
  • Fig. 4 is'a very greatly enlarged or magnified section through two adjacent sheets illustrative of the fllms of liquid and air associated with and between the adjacent surfaces of the sheets.
  • a plurality of thin sheets of metal I of any desired area for the purpose and burden which is to be served arelocated one over the other to form a pad of sheets.
  • they will be formed as indicated in Fig. 2, that is, an elongated strip 'of metal of the desired low thickness dimension is rolled on a mandrel, the roll taken from the mandrel and forced down to flat form as shown in'Figr 2 under a very 2;; heavy pressure, in practice 3500 pounds per tion absorber or damaging it in any particular.
  • Fig. l is a perspective view illustrative of a purality of thin metallic sheets stacked one upon the other and which properly treated and arranged under compression provide a preferred vibration .absorber construction of my invention and which form constructively a primary and essential part thereof.
  • Fig. 2 is an edge view showing such plurality of sheets integrally connected at their edges by bends, that is, a pad of said sheets of thin metal has been provided from a single elongated strip rolled and then pressed flat as indicated.
  • the metal which may be of copper is normally .003" thick and of the sheets in the pad are located one over the other either separately as in Fig. 1 or as inFlg. 2.
  • the surfaces of the metal Prior to the superimposing of' the sheets over each other as in Fig. 1 or the rolling on the mandrel the surfaces of the metal are covered with an oil film, all excess oil being removed so that only such thin oil film remains as is incapable of being normally separated from the surfaces of the metal sheets to which it adheres.
  • This oil film of liquid is of a thickness only such as is held by the molecular attraction of the surface molecules of the-metal.
  • the housing envelope consists of two form which are located one over the other and which/at their central portions are pressed to provide recesses indicated at I. so that the plurality oi superimposed sheets 0! the thin metal are received between the plates with their flange portions at 4 brought into contact engagement at adjacent surfaces, this occurring under heavy pressure which may approximate 3500 pounds to the square inch or more and the fianges oi' the plate are welded together at their edges.
  • the flanges 4 and the recessed sections 3 of the envelope plates are raised to a relatively high temperature.
  • Fig. 4 a very highly magnified section at the surfaces 0! two adjacent sheets I of metal is shown.
  • the film I is or molecules of oil, five molecules thick.
  • a second film 8 01' air also five molecules thick.
  • the very thin films I of the molecules 01' the liquid used. held against the surfaces of the. metallic plates 1 by molecular attraction are very hard, are capable oi sustaining enormous pressures and are in practice impossible to remove through direct pressure.
  • Such films have the properties of metal or similar materials in many ways as. for example, elasticity, hardnus and the elastic transmission of molecular motion therewithin so that vibration caused in-any manner which comes to the metal and transmitted directly through the metal by intermolecular contact is likewise transmitted through such film of liquid molecules to the gas films I. which are of the gases composing air.
  • the gaseous molecules making up the film G are held by molecular attraction oi the molecules oi the films I. Because in gases, the molecules thereoi are beyond the range of molecular attraction of adjacent gas molecules they have freedom of movement and do not, through molecular attraction, attach to themselves either like or unlike molecules. In all otthese statements it is to be understood that the matter of gases, liquids and solids is considered in relation to the normal ranges of temperatures in which the vibration absorbers of my invention are used.
  • the gases which compose air cannot be made to condense into liquid under any range of natural temperature, either at the earth's surface or as high above the surface as man has been able to go with machines. as the production of liquid air is at an exceedingly low temperature, approximating below zero.
  • the vibratory impulses imparted from the elastic films at 5 to the air films at 8 are imparted to theineiastic medium made up of the air molecules, causing very rapid motion or the molecules; and such rapid molecular motion evidences itself in high temperature.
  • the vibration absorption means which I have produced, and with a plurality of the sheets or plates under pressure to squeeze out all free air between the molecularly held air films 6 are in efiect, as gases confined in a cylinder under pressure or a movable piston and act in the same manner.
  • a gas confined in a cylinder with a movable piston will support a load through the action or the molecules which at any instant are moving
  • the air molecules being at high temperature radiate heat in accordance with the.
  • An ideal absorber is one which converts a maxi mum amount of vibration energy into heat and disposes of this heat at a maximum rate. Since heat is random molecular motion, the total momentum of heat is zero. An absorber of maximum efliciency is one which produces zero rebound on impact.
  • a gas confined in a cylinder with a movable piston will support a load equally well if the cylinder length is decreased, that is, the distance between the bottom or lower side of the piston and the upper side of the bottom of the cylinder is decreased. I have succeeded in reducing the cylinder length to a minimum. As the cylinder length approaches the mean free path of the molecules of gas, the number of collisions between gas molecules lessens and approaches zero. In a cylinder of this short length, a gas molecule contacting the approaching iston rises to a high temperature, crosses to the base of the cylinder, gives up its heat energy and returns to the piston to receive a second impact.
  • the vibration absorber which I have produced there are a plurality of pistons, forty-nine in the disclosure made, and a like number of cylinders.
  • the cylinders do not have and do not need surrounding walls to confine the gas, as the gas molecules of the films 6 are held by molecular attraction against escape and pressure does not squeeze them out.
  • the present invention therefore embodies those certain and specific conditions under which a gas makes an ideal absorber of vibration and shock. Such conditions are as follows:
  • the pressure must be exceedingly high, in order to have a stability approximating that of hard metal such as steel.
  • the critical temperature of the gas used must be very low to insure against liquefaction.
  • the dimensions of the confining chamber in the direction of the applied force of vibration must be small, approximating the mean free path of the molecules of gas. since the rate of radiation of heat is as the fourth power of absolute temperature.
  • the volume of gas employed must be exceedingly small so that the work done upon it will produce a very high temperature, thus getting rapid radiation of heat produced.
  • the vibration absorber which I have produced secures substantially the above ideal conditions as has been proved in extensive practical use.
  • the vibration absorber of my invention may be made in an indefinite number of sizes; and of course the number of sheets may be varied.
  • the plurality of sheets formed, preferably as in Fig. 2 may be mounted, a number of them, between upper and lower envelope plates recessed at difused in protecting the machinery of naval vessels from the vibration shocks of explosions, particularly those of the nearmiss character.
  • vibration absorbers are in extensive use in mounting productive machines used in factories for absorbing the vibrations of the machines so, that they will not be imparted, through finishing tools, to the work being done or to parts of the machine carrying the work.
  • Such vibration absorbers will protect machinery against shocks and vibrations coming from without and will also absorb the vibrations of said machines to prevent the imparting thereof away from the machine, or to parts of the machine, many times with destructive effect.
  • They may be and are used as mounts for engines and other machines, being located beneath them and are also used at the sides of machines, being pressed thereagainst for example, by screw pressure, one end of the screw against the vibration absorber which is against the machine and the other against a suitable abutment. They also are used to absorb vibrations coming to recoil springs from guns, where the period of the vibration is too fast for the spring to act in time to receive it and extend it over a larger timed interval.
  • liquid film at I is preferably of a high grade of oil which will not congeal at very low temperatures, many other liquids theoretically at least and practically in many cases will do as substitutes.
  • any metal plate exposed to the atmosphere immediately collects, through molecular attraction, a film of water vapor molecules of the same thickness as this oil film 5 and in my practice of the invention in using oil, such film of water molecules is replaced by the oil. Nevertheless the vibration absorber will operate with success if only the natural filmof water vapor molecules is used and appears at the film indicated at 5 in Fig. 4.
  • the enclosure in the metallic envelope is very practical and effective; and in cases where the weight of the machine is too small, the envelope holds the sheets under the necessary'heavy pressure.
  • the thickness of the sheets I is not a matter of moment in the invention except from the practical standpoint.
  • the sheets may be of any thickness. There is no need however for them to be greater than the thickness noted, approximately .003", except in certain cases where the absorbers are to sustain exceedingly heavy weights. I have produced the vibration absorbers as disclosed, most of them with the sheets I having a .00 thickness and others having a larger surface area with the maximum not over .005". But the invention is not to be limited in any sense to such very thin sheets. As a practical matter it is more economical and much less space is occupied by using the thin sheets, as they servethe purposes fully as well as if their thickness was increased.
  • a device of the class described including an enclosing envelope comprising, a lower member of metal depressed within the peripheral portions thereof to .form a recess and flange portions around the recess and a similar upper member reversed with respect to and positioned over the lower member, with flange portions of the envelope members in engagement with each other and permanently secured together, and a plurality of thin sheets of metal in superimposed relation located in the recessed portions of said plates, said sheets at opposing surfaces having liquid applied thereto and with all excess liquid removed to leave a liquid film of a thickness only of the molecules of such liquid as are held by molecular attraction of the metal thereon, said envelope plates bearing against the upper and lower sheets of said plurality of sheets to place them under pressure which forces free air from between the superimposed sheets and leaves a him of air attached to and held by molecular attraction of the liquid films.
  • Shock and vibration absorbing means comprising, an assembly of chambers filled with gas at a temperature above its critical temperature
  • the chambers consisting of parallel metallic sheets, each having a film of oil on each fiat surface thereof limited in amount to that attracted and held by molecular attraction by the moleculesof said metallic sheets, and with a gas between the ofl films of adjacent metallic sheets.
  • a construction having the elements in combination defined in claim 2, and an enclosing rigid envelope for the plurality of sheets, said envelope being sealed against entrance and having opposite sides thereof engaging with heavy pressure against the outermost metallic sheets.
  • Shock and vibration absorbing means comprising, a rigid envelope of metal having opposing parallel sides sealed against air entrance, and a plurality of sheets of thin metal in superimposed relation formed from a single length of thin metal and with integral connections between said sheets at two opposed edges located within and between the. sides of said envelope and held under compression between said sides, said sheets on all surfaces having a liquid film thereover or an amount equal only to the liquid which is held and bound against said surfaces by molecular attraction, and with free air pressed out from between the adjacent sides of said opposed sheets and with air remaining between the liquid films on adjacent sides of adjacent sheets retained against forcing out by pressure.
  • the method of producing vibration and shock absorbing devices of the character described which consists, in providing a continuous length of thin metal with a liquid film on the surfaces thereto, said length of metal having a predetermined width, and with a restriction of said liquid film to that only which is held against the surfaces of the metal by molecular attraction of the metal on the liquid, rolling said length of thin metal about a mandrel, applying heavy pressure to said roll of metal to flatten it, and enclosing the flattened roll of metal within an envelope of rigid material having opposed spaced fiat sides between which said flattened material is located, and sealing the sides of said envelope while under heavy pressure applied to the outside sides thereof.
  • a device of the class described comprising a plurality of metallic sheets located in superimposed-relation one over the other, said sheets having surface films of liquid thereon of a thickness equaling only the molecules of liquid which are bound and held by molecular attraction to the surfaces of said sheets, said sheets being under compression to force them toward eachother and expel substantially all free air therebetween and to substantially limit the air between any two sheets to films of air composed of air molecules held by molecular attraction against said liquid side of the uppermost sheet and the lower side of the lowermost sheet respectively, said upper and lower sides of the envelope being connected together with said sides of the envelope bearing against the uppermost and lowermost sheets with heavy pressure.
  • a shock and vibration absorbing device comprising, an assembly of chambers filled with gas at a temperature above its critical temperature, the chambers consisting of parallel sheets, each having a film of liquid on each side surface thereof limited in amount to that attractedand held by molecular attraction by the molecules of said sheets, and with a gas between the liquid films of adjacent sheets, said sheets being under pressure to force them toward each other to expel such gas as can. be expelled by pressure from between the sheets.
  • a devicelfor absorbing and dissipating the energy of a vibrating body comprising: a plurality of thin sheets of metal compressed to a pressure sumcient to exclude all air and liquid molecules from between the sheets except those layers of air and liquid molecules which are retained between the sheets by molecular attraction, said layers of air and liquid molecules eflectirig an energy absorbing and dissipating function due to vibratory movement of said molecules intitiated by vibrating impacts from said vibrating body.
  • liquid layers are of a thickness of approximately 54 millionth of an inch.
  • a laminated structure for absorbing shock and vibration comprising: a plurality of superimposed sheets; a liquid film on the adjacent sides of said sheets of a thickness substantialiv equal to the thickness of five molecules of said liquid; and a layer of gas between said liquid films of a thickness substantially equal to twice the thickness of the liquid films.
  • a shock and vibration absorbing device comprising: a. plurality of superimposed sheets; a liquid film on the adJacent sides of said sheets of a thickness of approximately 54 millionth of an inch; and a layer of gas between said liquid films of a thickness of approximately millionth of an inch.
  • a shock and vibration absorbing device comprising a plurality of superimposed sheets having substantially incompressible liquid and air films therebetween spacing said sheets approximately one millionth of an inch apart.
  • the method of making a shock and vibration absorbing device which comprises the steps of: providing a plurality of sheets with a liquid film on the surfaces thereof and with a restriction. of said liquid film to that only which is held against the surfaces of the metal by molecular attraction oi. the metal on the liquid; superimposing the sheets; and subjecting the superimposed sheets throughout the area thereof to a unit pressure sufilcient to squeeze out substantially all free air from between the sheets.
  • the method of producing vibration and shock absorbing devices of the character described which comprises, providing a continuous length of thin metal with a liquid film on the surfaces thereof, said length of metal having a predetermined width, and with a restriction of said liquid film to that only which is held against the surfaces of the metal by molecular attraction of the metal on the liquid, rolling said length of thin metal about a mandrel, removing the roll of metal from said mandrel, and applying heavy pressure to the roll of metal to flatten it and to force out substantially all free air.
  • a shock and vibration absorbing structure which structure comprises a plurality oi superimposed sheets each having a liquid surface him of a thickness equal only to that of the molecules of liquid which are bound and held by molecular attraction to the surfaces or the sheets, the step of: subjecting the superimposed sheets to pressure sufllcient to remove substantially all compressible gas from between the sheets. whereby to avoid excessive heating of the assembly in use due to successive compression and expansion of said gas.
  • a laminated structure for absorbing shock and vibration which structure comprises a plurality or superimposed sheets each having a liquid surface film of a to that of the molecules of liquid which are bound and held by molecular attraction to the surfaces of the sheets, the step of: subjecting the superimposed sheets to pressure suillcient to bring said sheets to within approximately one millionth of an inch of each other.
  • a method of making a laminated structure for absorbing shock and vibration the steps of: taking a plurality of films of a thickness of approximately 54 millionth of an inch; superimposing the sheets with the stated liquid films thereon: and subjecting the superimposed sheets to sufilcient pressure to squeeze out substantially all the compressible gas from between said sheets.
  • the method of producing a shock and vibration abmrbing device which-comprises the steps of: providing a plurality ofsheets with a liquid layer on'the surfaces thereof; wiping excess liquid from said sheets to restrict said liquid to a molecular film that is held against the surfaces of the sheets by the molecular attraction of the sheets for sai liquid; sheets with the stated liquid film ll posed relation:
  • a shock and vibration absorbing device comprising: an assembly of superimposed sheets devoid or liquid films but having substantially only incompressible gas films therebetween,
  • a laminated shock and vibration absorbing structure comprising: an assembly of superimposed sheets devoid of liquid films but having a gaseous layer between adjacent sheets of a thickness of approximately 9; millionth of an inch.
  • a shock and vibration absorbing device comprising, an elongated strip in roll form and having a liquid film on the side surfaces thereof of an amount equal only to the liquid which is held and bound against said surfaces by molecular attraction. the space between adjacent convolutions being devoid of substantially all free air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
US22995D 1943-05-19 Method and apparatus fob molecular Expired USRE22995E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US677227XA 1943-05-19 1943-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE22995E true USRE22995E (en) 1948-04-27

Family

ID=22077951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US22995D Expired USRE22995E (en) 1943-05-19 Method and apparatus fob molecular

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) USRE22995E (en))
BE (1) BE475888A (en))
FR (1) FR951035A (en))
GB (1) GB677227A (en))

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4671979A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-06-09 Pall Corporation Insulating structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB677227A (en) 1952-08-13
FR951035A (fr) 1949-10-13
BE475888A (en))

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2800321A (en) Rubber including spring device
US2407400A (en) Method and apparatus for molecular absorption of vibration
Guruprasad et al. Layered sacrificial claddings under blast loading Part I—analytical studies
US3195686A (en) Energy absorbent structure
US3572621A (en) Shock mitigating spring and detent pedestal
SU1072824A3 (ru) Буфер
CN105864520B (zh) 一种基于液压缓冲的减震管卡及减震方法
USRE22995E (en) Method and apparatus fob molecular
Jiang et al. Numerical simulation of impact breakage of gun propellant charge
US4732075A (en) Elastomeric buffer unit for a weapon recoil system
US3173514A (en) Impact vibration damper
US3817506A (en) Apparatus involving the hydrostatic compression of an elastomer
Otis Thermal damping in gas-filled composite materials during impact loading
JP6854116B2 (ja) 制振壁
CN108951913A (zh) 一种钢管内置空间链球式碰撞阻尼器
Venkataramana et al. Blast protection of infrastructure with fluid filled cellular polymer foam
US3682463A (en) Progressively-acting shock absorber element
CN105256910B (zh) 全非线性橡胶弹簧减震装置
US4376388A (en) Shock simulator
Morishita et al. Basic damping property of a double-rod type damper utilizing an elastomer particle assemblage
Labracherie et al. On the compression process in a free-piston shock-tunnel
US2484191A (en) Vibratory equipment
US2148104A (en) Vibration dampener
CN219274777U (zh) 一种爆炸加工缓冲基座装置
RU2116613C1 (ru) Устройство для ограничения действия взрыва