USRE21795E - Machine tool - Google Patents

Description

J. VERDERBE-R MACHNE TOOL alA Filed Feb. 2'?, 1957,

5 sheets-sheet 2 Origin May 6, 1941 Y JL VERDERBR Re. 21,795

` MACHINE TooL v original `Filed Feb. 27, 19:57/V 5 sheetsl-s'neet :s'

. ve- Ol/ /d/ f3 May 6, 1941- v J. VERDI-:REER Re, 21,795 MAGHI-NE TOOL ,Original Filed Feb. 27,' 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 y ff Jay f/ l /fj INVENTOR Reissued Mayi, ,1941

UNITE-D STATE s PATENT OFFICE MACHINE Y'root Joseph Verderben', Cleveland, Ohio original No. 2,161,189, dates July z5, 193s, semi No. 128,201, February 27,' 1937.

Application for reissue September 25, 1940, Serial Nth/358,322

(c1. 'zi-4) 15 Claims.

The present invention relates to machine struc,

` ture generally with special reference to economy of structure in parts and easy and convenient setting of related parts and ease and convenience of operating of the machine and relativelyV setting the parts thereof.

In the prior art, in machines built of parts, especially heavy parts. the. practice has been to machine the separate'parts and then fit .the parts to each other by-hand fitting suchv as scraping, and the like'butthis consumes much time in that' par-ts had to be tested together to iind where fitting was necessary; this entails taking the parts from a machine for scraping or the like and then putting them`- back on again for further testing to be repeated several times.

In the prior art, in' machines wherein parts or elements thereof are adjustably related or permanently connected or joined to each other, the adjusting usually is done by guess work augmented by measuring instruments if available for determiningl theaccuracy -of the setting of the parts. This also entails or consumes much time.

" `The present invention provides an easy and convenient `means for forming joints between oi? machinesl first by forming of the parts so that the same can be machined easily and to correct form and fit su that, for subsequent assembling oi' the parts, no separate fitting is necessary and second the parts wil-l fit together correctly by and during the assembling of the parts and the machine. i 1

The present invention `also provides a means, as a part' of a machine, ywhereby an adjustment of relatively adjustable parts can be read directly by mechanismen the machine and uses individually insertable blocks in the adjusting mechanism. These blocks are made either of special thicknesses to suit particular requirements or of such commercial standard blocks as the weil gages is inserted into the adjusting mechanism as occasion may require.

The present invention also provides a very precise means for setting of parts of a machine and the setting is permanent and can not change its setting by the operation of the machine until n manually released.

Objects of the present invention are:

To provide simple and economical structure inv a machine built up of parts and to machine the parts that are to be joined together so that no tting thereof, manually or otherwise, is necessary after the machining and the joints t correctly and accurately and precisely for assembling 4'and remain in accurate and precise relations after the assembling.

To provide on the machine 'a precise means that shows the setting of the parts relative to other parts of the machine.

To provide micrometrically'operating and reading means on the machine for relatively movable l and this, in most instances, was found necessary parts'of themachine and locate the same on the .outside of the machine where the same are easily read and easily reached and operatedfm setting.

To provide an economical easily operated control means for moving relatively movable parts of a machine.

To provide an easily controlled power means for operating movable parts of a machine.

Other objects will be pointed out during the following description of the machine shown in the laccompanying drawings or will become obvious or apparent or will suggest themselves upon Y aninspection of this description and the drawknown Johannessen gages. One or more of such ings mentioned above. A y

In the accompanying drawings, mentioned above, showing one type of machine embodyin the present invention:

. Fig. 1 is a side view of a machine embodying the Apresent invention.

Fig. 2 is a typical sectional yiew of the push but-ton devices as used on the here shown machine; the section being augmented by a diagrammatical illustration of the wiring for the device.

Fig. 3 fis a typical sectional view of a clamping mechanism that can be used in the machine for retaining relatively movable parts thereof in adjusted positions without destroying the precise relations thereof.

Fig, 4 is a sectional view of a typical bushing and mounting thereof for clamping a part to a bed; the section being taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 is a section taken traversely of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a front view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a-sectional view or a joint between a post and a base to eliminate driving of the post into the base.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view, typical of the joints of the machine shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of Fig. 1. F Fig. 10 is a section taken on the line |0ID of 'i Fig. 11 is a plan view of lthe micromic setting lmeans on a larger scale.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectionV taken-on line i2 0f Fig. 11. f

Fig. 13 is an enlarged sectiontakenoutline i3-i3 of Fig. 171.

Fig. 14 is a fragmental section view of a modification of the precise setting means; the section being taken on the line I4-I4 of Fig. 15; and f Fig. is an end view of Fig. 14.

Similar reference characters refer,to similar parts throughout the views.

Descrip-tion of the main framing thereof and the V shaped member II tting the groove and the flat faces or surfaces I2 near the opposite side thereof. The table B is guided to move longitudinally of the bed andis moved longitudinally by means of the screw I3 journaled in the bed and having the gear I4, preferably a spiral gear, secured to one end thereof and meshing with the gear I5 secured to the shaft I4I journaled in the bed and having the handwheel I6 secured to the outer end thereof on the outside of the bed. When desired, for longitudinal movement of the table from, either side of the machine, the shaft I4I may be extended clear across the bed and -another handwheel secured to the otherV end thereof. The nut I'I is secured to the -underside of the table B and is threaded to the screw I3 so that rotation of either one of the handwheels moves the table longitudinally of the bed. The bossesl and I9- are provided on the bed at the sides of the table to receive the posts or columns C and D.

One end of each post extends into the bed preferably by a close fit although the mechanism shown in Figs. 7 and 8 may be used. An essential feature is that the posts are Vsecurely held and are parallel with each other.

The collars' 20, square with rthe axes of the posts, are provided on the posts to abut the square upper ends of the bosses to attain squareness of the posts relative to the topof the table B.

The parts 23 and 24 of the respective posts C and D are exactly parallel which parallelism is attained by machining the posts concentrically and boring the holes in`y the bed for the posts exactly parallel. This machining of the parts 23 ment of the machine to tilt relative to the posts.

'I'he parts 23I and 24| of the posts may be straight or taper, straight being preferred since the boringv of the bosses and the machining of the posts is thereby facilitated and the cost of pro-V duction is minimized. The parts 23| and 24I of theposts may be driven into the respective bosses, preferably by a light drive to avoid springing of the posts by such driving. When desired, especially when the posts are driven into the bosses quite lightly, a nut 26 threaded to the lower end of each may be provided as shown or with va Wash-V er between the nut and the boss, the washer to abut the lower end of the corresponding boss and the nut 26 to abut the washe'r. When this nut arrangement is used for holding the posts i`n the bed, it can also be used to pull the posts into the bosses and thereby eliminate the danger of bending the posts during the driving thereof into and 24 and the boring of the holes in the bed is I made accurate' so that no additional flttingis necessary for assembling of the parts and the bed.

The upper ends of the bosses I8 and I9 are faced/off exactly square with the axis of the bores in the bosses 4so that the ends of the collars 2li abut thereon and position the posts accurately and hold the same parallel when the ends thereof are in the bosses and heldl therein.

The posts are spaced sidewise ofeach other h suiciently far apart toiletthe table B, or work overhanging oney or both sides thereof, to pass between them.

The outer surface of each of the posts is round and is ground concentric and parallel with the axis thereof so that no manual fitting will be necessary thereon when the machine is being assembled. Preferably, the posts are hardened so that the same will better withstand wear and will not bend easily although the below described or/substantially so eliminates the tendency to bend the posts in distinction fromthe prior art arrangement of axes in one plane, or nearly so,

wherein the axes are not in or nearly in one plane and thereby cause bending of the posts due to pressure brought on an element not in the same plane as the posts and will also cause one lcle-- the bosses.

` It is preferred that the posts are rst machined to a diametrical size that allows for finish machining later, are then hardened by `carbonizing or a process commensurate with and adapted to the material used for the posts to harden at least the outer surface Athereof and, after the harden- Iing, grinding the same concentric with the axis thereof to finish size including the under face of the collars 20 thereon to be square with the' axes Ztudinally of the bed and is guided in movement by the above mentioned V grooves4 III and V shaped members II and the flat surfaces I2 and is moved longitudinally by the above mentioned screw I3 and the mechanism cooperating'there- With.- The upper part or surface of the table B is shownA as having the slots 21 longitudinally thereof for locating and holding work on the table. Transverse slots may also be provided on the table for purposes similar to the first mentioned slots. l

The tie bar E may or may not be used and may form a part of the framing when used.

The tie bar E, preferably a casting of suitable material and form and required strength, has the bosses 2-8 and 29 each near one of the longitudinal ends thereof. Each of the bosses hasa bore 10ngitudinally therethrough to either tclosely to the upper ends of the post parts 23 and 24 as shown in Figs. 'l or 8 or to have the bushing structure shown in Figs. 4 and 5 mounted therein.

The above mentioned bushing structure is illustratively shown in Figs. 4' and 5. The object -of the tie bar is to retain the upper ends of the posts against'bending and to retain the posts parallel. Usually there is no need for a clamping means between the tie bar and the posts when there is a close t between posts and tie bar. However, when desired, a cam clamping means such as is illustrated in Fig. 3 may be used.

Description of the machniny mechanism The cross head F, of-suitable material and form I and strength, preferably a casting, has the boss 30 on one end thereof and the boss 3| on the other. Each boss has a bore therethrough to either ilt the corresponding parts 2l and Il very closely but slidably or to have the bushing stmo- Ature shown in Figs. 4 and 5 mounted therein.

Lost motion in these joints is to be avoided.

When desired, a cam orequivalent clamping means, such as is illustratively shown in Fig. 3 may be mounted between the cross head and one or both o1' the posts to prevent the cross head from moving upwardly when a pressure is brought thereon tending to move the same in that direction. l Y

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate structure wherebyyery close adjustment can be made between the` posts and the cross head and whereby the tie bar may be clamped onto the posts when desired.

In this structure, the outer` circumferential surface of the bushing 32 is taper and fits into a correspondingly taper hole in one of the joined parts 33. ternally threaded to receive the nut 34 which abuts the lower face 35 of the boss 36. The bore Y 3l fits closely tothe stem part 23|. The bushing is first made of one piece structure and is then slitted by radial cuts 39 extending longitudinally of the bushing. This divides the bushing into individual parts, six being shown, each of which could move independently but the threaded engagement between the nut 36 and the bushing prevents such individual movement and moves all of the individual parts uniformly in an axial in Fig. 3, maybe installed when desired tofiock the spindle against axial movement and a similarpr equivalent mechanism may be installed to lock the element G against movement longitudinally of the bars l2 and 43.

Description of the driving means latter entering the gear case 52 and driving a The lower end ofthe bushing is exdirection when'the nut is rotated and thereby f moves the bushing parts toward or away from the stem part 23i uniformly and neither the adjusting of the Joint nor the clamping thereof can move the axis of the part 236 away from its original position.

When the bushing 32 is to be hardened and I ground, it is preferred that the slits 3% are not cut clear through to leave the portions iii and 4| uncut by each slitting or to leave the portion d vuncut but cut the portion 5I or vice versa or alternate the portion W with the portion H in the different slits. The object here being to provide and retain just sufficient material between the bushing parts to hold the same together temporarily for harrieniiwr and final finish machining thereof. After the bushing is hardened it is ground to finished size with all circular surfaces concentric with the axis of the bushing. `After the bushing is finally finished as to machiningv thereof, the par ts thereof are separated by breaking the portions 0 and lil which may conveniently he done by driving a taper arbor through the bore of the bushing. Other means may be used to separate the bushing parts.

The two bars l2 and d3 have the respective ends thereof mounted in the bosses 44 and 5 by a driving t or the bushing structure of Figs. 4 and 5 of equivalent means. Each of the bars is preferably hardened and ground and is of the same diameter throughoutv the 'length thereof. Both bars are exactly parallel with each other when in place. y

The spindle carrying element G has two bosses each -either bored to closely fit one end of one of the bars or bored for a means eouivalent to the structure illustrated in Figs; 4. 5. 'I rand B so that the element G can slide longitudinally on the bars and be guided thereby without lost motion.

The spindle H is journaled in and held against axial movement in a ouill which is axially movable by a conventional rack and gear mechanism operated by the hand wheel LE to move the quill and the spindle therein axially.

A locking mechanism il, such as is illustrated conventional speed change mechanism therein.

The vertical shaft 53 has the lower end thereof in driving connection with the yspeed change mechanism and the upper end thereof is :lournaled` in the lug 54 extending sidewise from the tie bar E. The shaft 53 is held against axial movement by the collars 55 and 5G secured to the shaft 53 and abutting the lug 54.

The tubes *.51 and 58 cover the shaft 53 and the screws to comply with the regulations provided to install protection means for moving parts of machines.

The rotating means for the spindle H is shown as comprising the bevel gear E8 splined to the shaft d3 to move longitudinally thereon. and meshing with the bevel gear 60 and rotating the telescopic shaft Gi which rotates the bevel gear 52 meshing with the bevel gear B3 to rotate the shaft fifi and the spiral gear that meshes with the companion gear 66 splined to the spindle H. The spindle I-I is moved vertically by means of the hand wheel d8 and rotates the shaft G8 and the pinion 68 thereon and meshes with the rack 1d on the spindle carrying quill to move the quill axially and the spindle therewith.

The hand wheel 1i rotates the externally threaded shaft 12 in threaded engagement with the nut 'i3 mounted against movement inthe spindle carrying element G so that rotation of the hand wheel H moves the spindle carrying `element longitudinally of the cross head F.

When the device is to be used for `machining surfaces by means of machining, tools held in the socket of the spindle H or by the lower end thereof, such as chucks and the like, the threaded shafts 12 may be drivingly connected with the vertical shaft 53 and clutch means may be introduced to stop and start the lateral feeding of the spindle H. When the spindle is not to move laterally, a conventional locking mechanism may be applied to retain' the spindle carrying element against movement relative to the cross head.

The hand wheel 'M rotates the horizontal shaft 15 and the spiral gears 1S and 11 thereon that wheel 'it moves the lcross head vertically of the posts C/and D for adjusting the cross head vertically. l

When vertical feed of the cross head is desired in'addition 'to the vertical feed of the spindle, as

for boring by the spindle or machining a side of ar work piece on the table by a machining tool in or on the lower end of the spindle, a power drive may be installed to" establish a driving connection from-the shaft 56m` to the shaft 15. A conventional clutch means' is preferably inserted to stop and start the power feeding of the cross head F.

The motor I is reversible and has the three leads 32, 83 .and 84 leading to the different below described switches. The mam switch Il is operated by the handles 3B and 81 mounted on opposite sides of the bed to primarily make and break the electric circuit to and from the leads 30, 89 and 90 of the source of electrical energy and the" other switches are connected in thesame main circuit.

The switch shown in Fig. 2, illustrative of the other switches, is a push button operated switch and has the base 92, preferably of electrically insulating material. The push button 93 slides axially in the base, has the switch operating stem 94 on one end thereof and the head part 95 on the. other. The spring 95 is interposed between the head part 95 and the shoulder 91 in the base to normally tend to keep the switch open. When the head part 95 is pushed inwardly of the base, the switch is closed and will remain closed as long as pressure is exerted on the part but will automatically open when the pressure is released and the spring 96 moves the headpart 9S axially. With such switches, the electrical circuit is made and broken easily and quickly and timely and no time needs to be lost in hunting for switches on cut outs. 'I'he switch 9| may be used to start and'stop operation of the motor I. 'I'he switch '99 may be used to control vertical movement of the cross head. 'I'he switch |00 may be used to. control the horizontal movement of the table. The switch to control the horizontal movement of the spindle carrying head. This illustration teaches the use .of push button switches on machines wherein one part moves relative to another and wherein easy and quick change is desired for stopping and starting relative movements between parts. This system uses only one l motor to drive the spindle and the feeding mechanism and has switch means to stop and start the motor itself and the push button switches are so inserted that no part of the machine operates unless the respective push button switches are first pushed in and held so pushed in as long as desired 'but stops the operation as soon as the push button is released.

The reversing switch or pole changer |02 reverses the rotation of the motor and of the re-l lating parts of the machine.

General description of setting means The setting means is illustrated in Figs. 11, 1.2, 13, 14 and 15 and is. shown as applied between the bed and the table inA Fig. 1 and as applied between the cross head and the spindle carrying' head in Fig. 6. n

The blocks |03 and |05 are mounted in a part here being a part of the table B, here considered blocks on an element which may itself be xed positionally or may be movable. The plug |00 adjusts itself during tightening of the screw |09 and thereby 'prevents any of the blocks from being shifted by the tightening of the screw.

The bracket H0, shown as being secured to the bed A by means of the screws has the boss as being the movable and adjustable part of the machine and lie horizontally although the'same may be vertical or inclined, the latter being -shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The blocks |04 are shorter than the blocks |03 to form the slots |05 when assembled. It is preferred that 'each of the blocks is of the same width, say 0.5000" so that the distance from one slot to the next one is exactly 1.000". The plate |00 holds the blocks down onto the part B by means of the screws |01. The plug |09 is movably mounted in the part B and the screw |09 is threaded therelnto to abut the end of one of the end ones of the blocks for firmly holding the blocks. against each other.

This structure entails positionally xed slots |I2 and the shaft or shank I3 journaled therein by means of the bushings Ill. The bracket H3, shown as being secured to the bed A by means of the screws H5, has the boss ||1 for mounting therein of the below described micrometer mech` anism.

The flnger H8 is part of the above'mentionedv shank H3, has the ear Y| I9 to closely t into any one of the slots |05 when in the position shown in Figs-13 and 15 and also has the ilange |20 exactly square with the axis of shank for abutment by the member |2| of the measure indication or showing instrument J.

The stub |22 is Journaled in the boss lll and has the slot |23 on the outer end thereof to re` ceive the lug |24 of the instrument J pivotally held therein by the pin |25. 'I'his mounting of the instrument J affords a means for pivoting thef instrument to bring its face and pointer |26 into easily readable position.

||1 and having the collar. |28 abutting the bracket to prevent axial movement of the stem |21 in one' direction. The outer end |29 of the stem carries the flanged sleeve |30 having the gradu-V ation marks |3| on the margin thereof to provide a means for reading a setting relative -to the zero mark on the margin of the flange |32 abutting the iange |30. The pin |33 is secured to the sleeve |30 and to the part 29 of the screw |21 so that the former rotates with the latter. The nut i3d is threaded ontd the outer end of the part |29v to hold the collar |20 against the sleeve |32 and hold the ilange |30 against the flange |32. When the nut |34 is provided, it is preferred that the aperture for the pin I 33 in the sleeve |30 be made oblong so that there will be no binding between. parts.

The friction plug |35, mounted in the ange |30, is normally pressed `against the ange |32 by means of the spring' |38 mounted in the sleeve 530. The vernier mechanism K is mounted to cooperate with the micromical graduation to show more close reading and setting than by the micrometer graduations alone.

For setting the partv B relative to the part G for boring, as well as for setting elements relatively of the machine shown and described to bore two holes in a work piece on the table exactly 2.125" apart, the work-pieceis ilrst put on the table and held thereon securely when ready for the boring thereof, suitable stop means for the work piece being provided to prevent the. work piecefrom shifting, the object here being to locate the work piece relative to the table and to hold it there.

The nger is then movedl longitudinally and pivotally so that the inner end thereof enters one of the slots. The micrometer mechanism is then set so that the pointer on the instrument `J registers zero. The reading of the setting means `is then noted. It is assumed that this reading will be: `the finger in the third slot and the micrometer reading 486. 'I'he clamping means are then tightened to hold the table in relation to the bed and the cross head in relation these and otherA to the posts and the spindle carrying head in relation to the cross head. The machine isthen set for boring the rst hole of the two. Aiter the iirst hole is bored, the table is moved longitudi- 'back of the first one, the finger is released from the third slot and the table is moved Aforward until the finger engages in the 7th slot when the blocks and slots areV I/" wide. The micrometer is then set 486-4125 equals 361; 486 being the formerl reading; 125 being the amount above the 2" lnger setting. The table is then adiustably moved further until the pointer of the instrument J registers zero. The machine is then set for boring the second hole and the clamping means are then tightened to securely hold the machine elements in adjusted positions for boring the seeond hole.

This same manner of procedure can he carried out for relatively adjusting other parte oi the machine.

When a second hole is to be bored haci: of and at one side of the iirst one, triangulation must be used to determine how far to move the adjustable elements since the moving thereof can be done only longitudinally of the machine and transversely thereof. Sides opposite and sides adjacent can easily be calculated when the hypotenuse is-given, the triangle beings. rghtangled one, and the hypotenuse can easily be found when the both sides are given.

The general operation of the machine seems to need no special explanation since it follows the usual operations of machines of the saine kind. Suflicient objects and descriptions have been given above to enable others to operate the machine.

A conventional clamping means is illustrated in Fig. 3 wherein the part B is clamped to the post C. The shaft |31 "is mounted in the part B and traverses the pocket |33 and is rotated by means of the handle |38. The eccentric itil.

` mounted on the shaft |37. is located in the pocket |38 and abuts the shoe itl which ,abuts the post C. Rotating the `eccentric in one irection clamps the part B to the post without changing the axis of the post relative tothe part B to preserve precision in the machine and rotation oi the eccentric in the opposite direction releases the clamping. With this clamping means. the shoe lli is moved and released by the eccentric and no other parto! the machine need be moved nor is moved by the clamping. Y

The more or less conventional tabie adjusting means L is mounted on the bed, at one side near the forward end thereof for convenient reach of the hand wheel |42 by an operator near the micrometer mechanism. The stem or shaft |43 has the hand wheel secured to the rearward end thereof and the Worm |44 to the forward end. The worm meshes with the worm wheel |45 secured to the shaft |4| for attaining precision ad- Justment` oi' the table longitudinally of the bed. A clutch mechanism of conventional type is introduced between the handwheel and the worm wheel so that operation of the mechanism L can l be stopped and started at will and the handwheel can be cut out of operation so that vibrations of the machine will not tend to rotate the screw while the machine is vibrating.

Figs. 14 and 15 show amodiflcation of the above described precision parts setting means, using the same general principle. but arranging the parts somewhat differently to effect an action that is an improvement in some respects over the parts setting means above described. f

In this modication, the-blocks |03 and |04 are used in the same manner as described above but are here mounted angularly for better sight thereof. The bracket |||l and the boss ||2 thereon are mounted similarly to the above description.

The stem or shaft |46 is axially movably mounted in bushings in the boss ||2 and is hollow for theI spring iii to operate therein. The linger i H8 is held onto one end of the shaft |46 by means of the screw M8 and is held against rotation thereon by the key |49. In this instance, the end lllt or the hnger does not contact two 'Y of the adjacently located blocks but contacts one only and permits of contact on either one separately. This ailows for some play of the shaft Miti in the boss The measure indicating instrument J is mountedfori the other end of the shaft M6 as shown.

The brochet titi here has the extension |50 and the iti mounted thereon. The insertable measure determining blocks i52, |53 and ist are placed side by side on the shelf as needed as is indicated in the drawings and the shaft iia'E, projecting from the instrument J, abuts the outermost one. These blocks may be one or more in numberkand of various thichnessesand, these together, with the location of the nger against any one or the iciochs determines the spacing that one element or geert is set from another when the shoit in contact thereon.

@ne end of the spring il'i abuts the screw its and the other end abuts the pin ll transversely through the shaft it@ and having both ends thereoi projecting outside thereof and into the .space between the bushings in the boss H2.

The machine shown and described is simple of structure and the parts thereof are constructed and arranged and machined so that assembling of the machine is effected without manual tting of the ioined parts. The electric and mechanical control mea-ns are economical of structure and easy and convenient of access and operation and the joined parts are easily and conveniently heid together and the clamping and releasing and adjusting of the parts is easily and conveniently eected by means onthe outside of the machine.

Applicant is aware that the embodiment shown and described herein is not the only embodiment of the ni'esent invention and that various modifications can be made within the spirit and intent of the `present invention and of the appended claims.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the structure herein disclosed, provided the means said4 bed comprising, a rack on said table and having equally spaced abutments for primarily setting said table approximately relative to said bed, a member longitudinally movably mounted lon said bed and being movable parallel with the movement of said table, a measure showing instrument on the inner end of said member and having an abutment projecting therefrom, a second member longitudinally movably mounted on said bed and having a finger movable into contact with said abutment of said instrument and into and out of contact with anyone of said first-named abutments, a micrometer mechanism to be set to a predetermined position of said table relative to any of said rst-named abutments, and means for moving-said table until said nger can move into position adjacent to av desired one of said first-named abutments and also for moving said table until said measure showing instrument registers zero for precise setting of said table relative to said base.

2. A machine tool having, in combination, a bed, a table movable thereony in guided contact, and means for positioning said table relative to said bed, comprising, equally spaced abutments on a side edge of said table, a micrometer mech-` anism mounted on said bed, a shaft mounted on lsaid bed to move parallel with said .table and oscillatory transversely thereof and having a contact member on one end thereof and being op-` erated for parallel movement by said micrometer mechanism and for setting of the end of said contact member to a position required for a positioning of said table, a finger carried on said bed and being longitudinally movable parallel with said table and oscillatory movabletransversely thereof and having a part engageable with and disengageabie from any of said abutments on said table, and means for moving said table until said part of the nger engages the required one of said abutments on the table and also for moving said table until said linger contacts said contact member on 'the shaft for precise positioning of said table relative to said bed.

In combination, a bed, a table movable relatively to said .bed and means for determining Athe relative position of said bed and said table comprising, equally spaced abntments on a side edge of said table, a finger on said bed movable relatively to said table and having a part engageabie with any of, said abutments, a micrometer mechanism carried by said bed, a part adapted to be set by said micrometer mechanism and engaged by said finger for determining a position of said table relatively to said bed, and means for moving said table relatively to said bed until said part of the finger is engageable with the desired one of said abutments and the linger contacts the position determining part sot by said micrometer mechanism.

4. In a machine tool, the combination of a bed, a table movable relatively thereto, and means for determining the position of said -table relatively vto said bed, comprising, equally spaced abutments on said tablea`movable linger on said bed having a part engageable with and disengageable fromany of said abutments and a micrometricaliy adjustable means having a part adapted to contact said nger for setting said ilnger to a pre- I determined position with respect to the base, so that when the table is moved, said part of the finger can engage the corresponding one of said abutments. l

5. In combination, a normally stationary bed element, cylindrical parallel posts upst'anding movable .longitudinally on said cross head, a table member movably carried in contact with the top of said stationary bed element, a setting means for positioning said spindle carrying movable memlber relative to said normally stationary cross element, and setting means for .positioning said movable table member relative to said bed element; each of said setting means comprising equally spaced abutments on a side edge of the movable member, a nger carried by the stationary 'element and. movable parallel to the movable member and having a portion movable into and out of adjacency of each of said abutments, a part mounted on the stationary element and movable parallel to the movable member and contactable with said tlnger, a micrometer mechanism for moving said part into a setting determining position of the movable member, and means for moving the movable member until said portion of the finger can enter adjacent to the desired abutment on the movable member movable member relative to the stationary element.

6. Positioning means for the table of a machine tool comprising in combination, a support, a table movable thereon having abutments spaced equally in vthe direction of its movement, 'a micrometer on said support having its spindle parallel to the direction of movement of said table, a rod adapted to engage said micrometer and carried -by said support and having a pro- `iection at one end thereof for engaging any of said abutments, said projection being rotatable into-and out of abutment engaging position, and means to adjust-the distance between the micrometer spindle and the projection, whereby the relative position of said table and support is determined by the engaged abutment and the adjustment of the micrometer. l

7. Means for positioning relatively movable parts of a machine tool comprising in combination, abutments on one of said parts, a micrometer carried by the other of said parts and having the spindle thereof parallel to the direction of relative movement of said parts, and a ilnger. movable in said direction .and carried by .one of said parts and adapted for abutting any of said abutments, said linger and said micrometer being adapted for engaging each other, whereby when \said micrometer is suitably set and is. engaged said table, a finger movable along said abutmentsand carried by said bed for abutting any of saidV abutments, andmicrometer mechanism carried bysaid bed and adapted for engaging saidtlnger while the latter abuts any of said abutments, whereby when said i'lnger engages a preselected abutment and also said mechanism, said .parts are positioned relatively to each other in acordance with such preselected abutment and the reading of said mechanism. Y

9. The combination oi' two relatively movable evenly spaced abutments, a movable linger adapted for entering the space between any two adjacent abutments and for abutting 'one of them, and a precise reading instrument micrometrically -adjustably carried |by the other of said parts and adapted for engaging said ilnger, whereby when said finger engages both said instrument and one of said abutments, the relative relation of said parts is determined by such one or said abutments and the reading of said instrument.

10. The combination of. relatively movable parts, evenly spaced abutments on one and a precise showing instrument micrometrically ad-v Justably carried by the other oi said parts and a finger adapted for simultaneously abutting said instrument and any of said abutments whereby the abutment abutted by said iinger and the showing of said instrument determine the relative position of said parts. y

11. In a machine tool having, in combination, parts movable relatively to each other, one of said parts havingequally spaced abutments for `primarily setting saidv parts in approximate position relatively to each other, a member movably mounted on the other of said parts, a measure lshowing instrument mounted on said member,

a micrometer mechanism for moving said memparts, one of said parts being equipped with connecting saidv iinger. and said instrument whereby the abutment oi said mst-named abutments engaged by said iinger and the showing of said4 instrument while the latter engages said last-named .abutment determine the relative position of said parts.

13. The combination of relatively' movable parts, .abutment means on one of said parts, a precise measure showing instrument adapted for abutting said means, micrometer means including a pair oi' discs for moving said instrument relatively to the other part whereby said parts can be Vprecisely set relatively to eachother,

l and a friction drag between said discs for preventing accidental relative movement of said discs. l

14. The combination of relatively movable parts, abutment means on one of said parts,'a precise measure showingdnstrument adapted for abutting said means, micrometer. means including a. pairof discs for moving -said instrument relatively to the other part whereby said parts can be precisely set relatively to each other and means resiliently urging said discs apart for preventing accidental relative movement oi' said discs.

ber, and a ilnger adapted for simultaneously abutting said instrument and any oi said abutments whereby the abutment abuttedby said, iinger, the showing of said instrument and the reading of said mechanism all cooperate to determine the relative position of said parts.

12. 'I'he combination of parts movable rela-I tively to each other, one of said parts having equally spaced albutments, the other of said parts having an abutment. a precise measure showing instrument adapted for engaging said last-named abutment, a. iinger adapted for engaging any of said iirst-named abutments. and means movably mounted on said other of said parts forlinter- 15, Positioning means for relatively movable parts comprising in combination Iabutments car-` ried by one of said parts ancfspaced equally in the direction oi relative movement of said parts, a micrometer on the other of said parts and having the spindle thereof parallel to the direction of said relative movement, a. rod carried by one of said parts and having a projection at oneend thereof adapted to engage said micrometer and any of said \abutments, means to move said projection into and out of abutment engaging position, and means to adjust the distance between the vmicrometer spindle and thevprojection, whereby the albutment engaged by said finger and the addustment of said micrometer while the latter'is engaged by said nger deter- .mine the relative position of said parts.

s JOSEPH vERDERBna.

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