USRE21052E

USRE21052E - Wheel centering and camber gauge

Info

Publication number: USRE21052E
Authority: US
Publication date: 1939-04-18

Description

O. HAUCKE Amal 1s, 1939.

WHEEL CENTERING AND CAMEER GAUGE Original Fil ed Nov.

)nec

ITI

INVENTOR. swy #ac/cke Y v IIJ( A TTORNEYS.

\ Reissued Apr. 18, 1939 PATENT OFFICE.

csN'rnamo AND oasmsn danos OnrlnllauckalrcoklymN. Y. orlglml Ne. :mmm ossea .um 11,1911,

Serial No. 108.921, November 8. 1936. for reissue April 5, 1988, Serial No. 201,198-

tion

-34 Claims.

The invention relates te gauges for centena; vehicle wheels and for ascertaining the camber and other angles of such wheels. It has for its main object to provide a gauge of extremely simple construction by means of which wheels of an automobile or other vehicle may. -be readily checked as to their proper alignments and angles. Another object is to provide a gauge which may I be used for wheels of all sizes and types. An-

other object is to provide a gauge having a base easily positioned on a level oor, the base being so constructed that it is easily aligned and posi-- tioned with reference to a straight line on 'the floor and also easily 'moved and positioned in a predetermined angular relationship with reference to the straight line for the purpose of dennitely positioning the wheel in a predetermined angular relationship to the chassis. A cut'away portion may be provided in the base for this purpose. Another object is to provide a frame structure having three variable points of contact with the side of a tire, always in the same plane and pivoted on the base on a horizonal pivot toswing n the base in a plane perpendicular to a central front and rear line through the base.

Another object is to provide a scales and a pointer mounted, one element on the base and the other element on the frame, the zero position on the scales preferably indicating the vertical position of the frame, the scale indicating the angular inclination of-the frame.

A further object is to provide a gauge which is easy to operate, readily portable, and which can be operated without any great skill or experience on the part of the operator. Additional objects are to provide a gauge of rugged construction, which has no parts readily broken or apt to get out of order, which occupies but small space and which can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

These and variousother objects and advantages will be readily understood from the following description and from the accompanying drawing of a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which, however, modifications may be made without departingfrom the scope of the Applica Fig. isa plan view of a iioor scale which may be used in combination with the gauge.

Referring now to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the gauge consists of a base Il having a level bottom which -may if desired incorporate well-known leveling devices and a pedestal bearing II in which a gauge arm I2 is rotatingly mounted ona horizontal pivot Il to swing in a plane perpendicular to a central front and rear line through the base I0. The gauge arm is provided with two lateral members I4 extending horizontally at right angles to the vertical arm I2 so that the ends of the three arms I2, I4. Il are in the same plane, and the arm itself has an oil-set portion. as shown at Il, to accommodate a hub of any sise, such as for example the hub I6 of the wheel Il against which the gauge is shown. A scale I0 is formed on the gauge arm and pointers I l are mounted on the pedestal II. 'I'he scale Il is arranged in an arc extending on both sides of a vertical line and lying in the circumference of a vertical circle whose center lies in the center of the pivot I3, and whose radius may be of any suitable length. I preferably imprint a scale on both sides of thergauge arm and use two pointers, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, so that the scales may be read from either side. The scale I B may be of any suitable graduatlons or a plurality of diferent graduations.

When placing the gauge arm against the upper part of the tire of the wheel and the two transverse members against the side of the tire of the wheel, it is evident that the camber angle of the wheel will be automatically indicated on the scale IB by the pointer I9 because the horizontal arms I4 contact the sides of the tire ofthe wheel I1 above the bulge of the tire and below the hub I6 and the vertical arm I2 contacts the aide of the tire at the top.

To ascertain the alignment of the front and rear axle I employ the contact members 2I| which are slidingly mounted on the transverse members Il. Each of these contact members is provided with an arm 2| which projects at right angles to the transverse members and away from the base when the contact members 2liare moved along. I also employ the scale diagram shown in Fig. 5. This diagram may be imprinted on a.`

by means of these scales and the relative distances of the arms 2i from the center of the uprightarm I2 and the pointer 25, may be indicated,

to be tested. The sleeve 23 also makes it convement to use the gauge on automobiles havingv very low fenders. In such cases Vthe sleeve is lowered on the gauge arm to enable the arm to f be swung under the edge of the fender, afterwhich the sleeve is raised between the wheel and the fender. y

Referring now particularly sets of wheels, as for example the front wheels. The longitudinal lines 25 and 2'l coincide with one another and are used to indicate the horizontal distancebetween the wheels, as for exam- 91 56, 58 or 60 inches. 'Ihe transverse linesg'25-' are used to indicate thedistance between the iront and'rear axles. In other words, the gram is used to indicate the wheel base of the ,V

n 1t is desired to check up the alignments of.; the wheels oi an automobile, the automobile is placed on the scale diagram, shown in Fig. 5, preferably with the front wheels on the lines 25 and with the rear wheels on the lines 21 with the wheels in parallel. When properly placed this will indicate the distance between each respective set of wheels. The gauge is now placed against one oi the front wheel, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and the contact members 2li are placed an even distance-from the gauge arm I2; this will place the gauge arm and base pointer 29 as to the center of the wheel. I'he car and the gauge are now moved until a pointer 29, formed on the front end of the base, coincides with the line 25. The other front wheel is similarly aligned so that both the centers of the front wheel coincide with the line 25. By using the gauge in a similar manner on the rear wheels the scales, indicated by the lines 28, will show whether or not the front and rear axles are parallel. the parallelism of the axles may readily be established by means of the gauge.

an opening 55 of any desired lateral extent is formed in the base I and one edge of this opening is provided with a scale 3i of suitable extent and graduations. This scale 3| permits the gauge to be set against the outside of a wheel and turned with the wheel, simultaneously indicating the angle through which the wheel is turned. When the wheels are tested and the pointer 29 is directly on the line 25 the "toe-in of the wheel may be ascertained by comparing the scale-5I with the line 25 which is visible through the opening III. Thus, not only will thegauge indicate the camber angle of the wheels and the parallelism of the axles, but the amount of toein of the wheels as well. As shown in Flg. 3 the sides of the base Ill below the pointer 29 iiare outwardly at denite angles, which may be any desired angles, so that these sides may furnish lines of reference when the gauge is swung about against a wheel until one or the other of these lines coincides with the line on the door.

A vehicle to be 'tested is driven on a level Iioor space which is marked with a scale

diagram comprising lines

25, 25, 2lv and 25. The vehicle to rigs, menne 25 is used as an indicating 'line for one of the Thus is placed in such a position that the centers of the front wheels rest on line 25 and by comparing the edges of the tires of the front wheels with the lines 25 on either side and by cornparing the tires oi the rear wheels'with the lines 21 onjeither side ther wheels of the vehicle are positioned in parallel. The spacings between the lines 25 and the spacings between the lines 21 are equal and these lines are parallel. There arev iive lines in each corner parallel with one another and the automobile wheels are positioned so that they truly center on the intermediate lin of eachcorner diagram. v

The gauge is placed against the tire of the Vleft front` wheel approximately centrally thereof ,-withfthe wheel in the straight-ahead position. e gauge has-the vertical contact arm I2 which anV adjustable sleeve 23 and which on' opposite sides horizontal contact I5,I4,.which may carry sliding squares 2l, 2 i. .'Ifhefpvertical arm I2 contacts the upper center-side' surface of the tire, through the sleeve 2l', at the vertical center diameter fg 'i 'Ihe slides=2il carry right angle extensions' may engage the tread periphon oppositefsides below the hub ri, or the horizontal diameter but above the buigen-of the tire. "Ihe camber angle of the the scale I5 by the pointer rI9 rwhen the gauge is positioned as above described.

The sliding squares 29. 2| are now pressed' against the tread periphery of the tire, the scale readings 22 on both sides of the vertical arm I2 are compared, and the vehicle is pushed forwards or rearwardsuntll the reading of the scales is the same on each side; the pointer 29 on the base Il then indicates the exact center of the front wheel on the line 25. If the pointer 29 does not coincide with the line 25, the vehicle is moved until the pointer 29 does coincide with the line 25 and the line 25 corresponds with the zero mark on the scale 5I. The foregoing adjustments place the front wheels of the vehicle in a center position and at right angles as to line 25 of the scale diagram. A pair of wheel chucks may be placed under the rear wheels to keep the vehicle from shifting with reference to the scale diagram when the steering mechanism of the vehicle is turned for other tests.

The gauge is now taken around and placed against the right front wheel proximately at the center and the camber angle is read. To read the toe-in ofthe front wheels, the sliding squares 25,

2I are pressed against the periphery of the tire vand the gauge adjusted until the scale readings on both scales 22 are the same. If the front axle is parallel and at right angles the pointer 29 on the base III coincides with the line 25. The amount of toe-in, if any, can be read on scale 5I reading from zero to line 25. In cases where the front axle is not parallel with the line 25, the gauge may be shifted until the pointer 29 does coincide with the line 25. 'Ihe toe-in will also in this position be indicated by scale 9|. The distance of the front axle from parallel and right angular position will be indicated on scales 22 which measure the distance the base pointer 29 The parallelism and right angular position .of the rear axle is checked in a simpler way. The gauge is placed against the tire of the rear wheel and is centered with reference theretoby the scales 22. The pointer 29 on the base locates the center of the rear wheel on the iloor scale 29. which indicates the distance between the front wheel center and the rear wheel center, or the wheel base of the vehicle. I! the -wheel base' oi' the left side is equal to the wheel base on the right side, the rear axle is parallel. A tolerance of Y," may bevpermitted, but a greater variationl will cause the rear wheel, when traveling. to be out oi parallel with the front wheel, or oil' track. The parallelism, a bended rear axle, and toe-in or toe-out of the rear wheels, may also be checked by the pointer 29 and the scale '9| by comparing them with one o! the lines 2l. These checks are made possible due to the horizontal arms I4 and the vertical gauge arm i2 being in a plane at right angles to the vertical plane through the base pointer 29 and the zero mark on the scale 9|. The camber angle of the rear wheels may be read on the scale I9 by the pointer I9.

The caster angle of the front axle, or the kingpin angle, is taken by placing the gauge against the iront left wheel with vertical gauge arm I2 in center of wheel. The pointer 29 and the zero mark on scale 9| coincide with the line 25 of the scale diagram when the wheel is in a straightahead position. To determine the camber angle of a front wheel turned to the left, the steering wheel is turned until the left wheel reaches a predetermined angle with reference to the scale diagram line 25, the angle being located by means oi the gauge base pointer 29, and the base scales 2|, the base scale 9| being graduated in degrees with reference to the base pointer 29 and the cut-away portion in the base being large enough to permit a reading of the scale with reference to a straight horizontal line 25 drawn on the iloor. Ii' 'the wheel is turned a predetermined angle, a line cited through the cut-away portion o! the base passing through the predetermined index on the scale 9| and the pointer 29. will coincide with the diagram line 25 on the floor. The camber angle of the wheel in this position will be indicated on the scale Il by the pointer I9. The left wheel is now turned the same predetermined angle to the right and the gauge is placed in position as previously described. 'Ihe pointer I9 will indicate the caster angle on the scale Il by taking the distance between the original and the indicating position. If there be no caster angle, the scale will read the same at each turn. but if there is a caster angle the distance between the two positions will indicate the caster angle in positive or negative readings.

The same procedure is followed for angle readings on the right end front wheel. Caster angle equals the change of camber angle from a predetermined angle right turn to the same predetermined angle left turn or vice versa.

The king-pin inclination is taken by placing the gauge against the wheel, the pointer 29 and the zero mark on -the scale 2| being in coincidence with the line 25.. Scale Il is now read for the pointer I9 position and the steering wheel is turned left through the predetermined angle indicated by the line 25, base scale 3| and the pointer 29. The king-pin inclination is the angular movement of the pointer I9 from the original to the indicated positions. King-pin inclination angle equals: The change of the wheel camber angle from a straight ahead position to a predetermined angle o! leit turn, plus the change .of wheel camber angle from a straight ahead position to the same predetermined angle o! right f turn: or vice-versa. Note; if one oi' the angles should read in the negative, then subtract from positive; otherwise add the two angles. The kingpin inclination formula is: change of camber angle of degrees right turn plus change of camber angle of 20 degrees left turn. The-kingpin inclination formula (by marking side o! tire) is: Angle of distance oi' iront space plus angle of distance of rear space, divided by 2. The caster angle isthe change of camber angle from 20 degrees right turn to'20 degrees left turn. 0n all angle measurements, after there is a line on the floor no sliding squares 29, 2l are required. 'Ihe king-pin inclination may. also be taken by turning the left wheel to the right through lthe predetermined angle with the gauge against the tire and drawing a line on the tire coinciding with the upper edge of the horizontal gauge arms Il, Il, then the wheel is turned to the lett through the predetermined angle and another line is drawn coinciding with the upper edge oi the gauge arm Il, Il.

The wheel is turned to straight ahead position. the gauge is placed against the tire and the position of pointer I9 noted. The gauge base is moved toward the wheel until horizontal arms I l on the gauge arm I2 coincide with the upper pencil line of smaller distance; the degree of movement is indicated by pointer I9 which equals the angie of upper line of the smaller distance. The upper line of the larger distance is measured in the same manner and the angles of both lines added,'and divided by 2, which equals the kingpin inclination angle. Care must be taken in taking the king-pin inclination ln this manner that the wheel is in a stationary or locked position; it should not revolve during the operation. I1' the distance between the pencil lines on the wheel are equal on the front side and rear side o! the tire, no castor angle exists, but if they are not equal the smaller distance is the king-pin inclination angle minus caster, the larger distance is the king-pin inclination plus the caster angle, then add smaller and larger distance angles and divide by 2; equals king-pin inclination. The caster angle may also be taken in this manner by measuring the distance oi' larger and smaller space in the manner described, the dii'- ference divided by 2 being the caster angle. From the foregoing it is clear that the king-pin inclination angle and the king-pin angle or caster angle can be taken in the two ways described.

The turning radius of the vehicle may also be taken with this gauge by comparing the gauge base line pointer 29 and scale 3| with the iloor diagram line 25 and moving the gauge to the limit position. Toe-out of the wheel is taken in the same manner.

Mode of operation of the gauge without )loof diagram The vehicle to be tested is driven on a level iioor space. The gauge is -placed against the wheel and centered as before described. The base pointer 29 and zero mark of the scale 9| will indicate the center oi' the wheel. The iioor is marked on pointer 29 and at the zero mark of scale 9| and the gauge is removed and a line drawn through both these marks. Proceeding then in the same manner as above described the camber angle, caster angle, king-pin inclina- Mode of operation of the gauge with a turn table nach as shown in Christensen Patent 1,927,488

The gauge is placed on the base Il, a platform l l extension being used to bring the base Il level with the upper surface ofthe turn table. Kingpin angle, camber angle, toe-in and toe-out and the turning radius may be taken in this manner. No sliding arms Il are neededon the gauge in an arrangement o! this type.

A pair of similar low-type turn-tables, such as shown in the Christensen patent may be placed under the front wheels on a level floor to facilitate the easy turning of the front wheels and theluemaybeusedtomakethemeasiuements above-described with the exception of the\` level with the iioor and then no rear platforms are necessary to obtain correct results.

A pair of turn tables with welts inthe upper face of the turn table platform, such as shown in my Patent 2,087,909. equipped with a platform extending outwardly on the upper section of the turn table to provide a resting place for the gauge. may be used. No sliding square 20, 2| is required when the gauge is used in this manner for taking king-pin angles. This type of turn table may be placed level with the floor to afl'ord raising of the rear wheels level with the front wheels for correct caster angle readings. All other readings may be obtained in the same manner as above described.

Prom the description, it is evident that this gauge can be used in dierent manners for the correct readings of all steering angles, wheel and axle alignment dimensions to easily detect and correct such conditions as out of alignment of the steering angles. king-pin angles, camber l angles, shifted or bended axles, and distorted chassis The 'scale n and pointer ls may be reversedv in such a manner that the base Il ,carries the scale ls, snavel-tical arm lz can-ies the pointer I0. The-essential thing in the construction of my improved gauge is a vertical arm and horizontal contact arms, the vertical arm and horizontal contact arms being at right angles or equal triangles to each other, and the vertical arm and horizontal contact arms being pivotally mounted at right angles to a base I0. It is this vertical and right-angle relationship-which makes possible taking any angular measurements of any object having a ilat surface and revolving on an angular support. 'I'he scales or indicating means can be mathematically arranged according to the construction of the scales and pointer and the base Il may be constructed in any angular form or shape desired for indicating means at right angles to the vertical arm I2 and the horiaantal arms I l, Il.

Variations may be made, parts may be substituted for others, parts may be used without others, sizes and dimensions may be varied, and

parts may be. omitted, all within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A gauge of the class described comprising abasaaverticalgaugcarmpivotallymoimted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for ntacting with the sides of a wheel, ascale assoeiatedwithsaid gauge arm, a pointer associated with'the base for indicating on the scaletbecamberangleoi'thewheelbeingtested. and a sleeve slidingiy mounted on the gauge arm to enable it to be lengthened or shortened.

2. In combination; a gauge comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a vehicle wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage withthe periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, a scale diagram for properly locating the wheels of a vehicle, said scale diagram having'lines for indicating the distance between the front and the rear wheel Voi the vehicle; and a pointer associated with the base of the gauge for indicating, by aligning it with the lines of the scale diagram, the parallelism of the axles of the vehicle being tested.

3. In combination; a gauge comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a vehicle wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to en- .gage with the periphery vof the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, a scale diagram for properly locating the wheels of a vehicle, said scale dlagram having lines for indicating the distance between the front and the rear wheel of the vehicle as well as the distance between each set of front and rear wheels: and a pointer associated with the base of the gauge for indicating, by aligning it with the lines of the scale diagram.. the parallelism of the axles of the vehicle being tested.

4.v In combination; a gauge comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardiy-extending members for contacting with the sides oi a vehicle wheel. two contact -arms slidingly-mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel being tested, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, a scale diagram for properly locating the wheels of a vehicle, said scale diagram having lines for correctly locating the wheels of the vehicle; and means vassociated with the base of the gauge for alignment with the lines of the scale diagram to ascertain the angularityof the wheels in relation to the vehicle being tested.

5. In combination; a gauge comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mountedon said base and having sidewardiyfextending members for contacting with the sides of a vehicle wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel being tested, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, a scale diagram for properly locating the wheels of a vehicle. said scale diagram having lines for correctly locating the wheels of the vehicle; and -a means associated with the base of the gauge for alignment ciated with the gauge arm and the base for in.

dicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested1 and a sleeve slidingly mounted on the gauge arm to enable it to be lengthened or shortened 7. gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending mem-bers i'or contacting with the sides of a wheel,

two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardiy-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel. means tor locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base i'or indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

8. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides oi a wheel, said members extending horizontally along a line that is above the bulge oi the tire, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the side-wardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base i'or indicating the camber angle oi' the wheel being tested.

9. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides oi a wheel, said members extending horizontally along a line that is above the bulge o! the tire, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, the point of contact or the vertical arm and the' side oi' the tire of the wheel being removed from the horizontal line through the horizontal members a distance that is always greater than the radius ot the complete wheel, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle oi.' the wheel being tested.

10. A gauge o! the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sldewardly-extending members i'or contacting with the sides of a wheel, said vertical gauge arm having a bend therein for passing the hub o! the wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery o! the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle oi' the wheel being tested.

1l. A gauge oi the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, said vertical gauge arm having an outward bend vtherdn for passing the hub o! the wheels, two

contact anns slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery oi? the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equa1 distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the Wheel being tested.

'12. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, said members extending horizontally along a line that is above the bulge of the tire and below the hub of the wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gaugearm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

13. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having horizontal sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides oi a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mountd on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel be-l ing tested.

14. A gauge of the class described comprising a base having a centrally positioned pointer for centering the gauge with reference to an automobile axle and about which the gauge can be moved as a pivot horizontally, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardJy-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm andthe base for indicating the camber angle angle of the wheel being tested.

15. A gauge of the class described comprising a base. having a centrally positioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot and a scale located adjacent a central line through the base and its pointer, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base forA indicating the camber angle oi the-wheel being tested.

16. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, having a centrally positioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot horizontally and a scale located on both sides ot the central line through the base and its pointer, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardlyextending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and aV scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

17. A gauge of the class described comprising a base having a centrally positioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot horizontally and a scale located on both sides of a central line through the base and its pointer, the base being formed to permit view of the oor adjacent the scale, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardlyextending members i'or contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidinglv molmted on the sIdewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, means for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base ior indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

18. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, having a centrally positioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot horizontally and a scale located on both sides of the central line through the base and its pointer.thebasebeingaperturedtopermitviewof the iloor adjacent the scale, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheeLmeansiorlocatingsaidarmsatanequal distance from the vertical gauge arm, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

i9. A gauge oi.' the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly-extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel, two contact arms slidingly mounted on the sidewardly-extending members and adapted to engage with the periphery of the wheel, scales on said sidewardly-cxtending members for locating said arms at an equal distance from the vertical gauge arm for centering the gauge with reference to the wheel, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel being tested.

20. A gauge of the class described comprising a base having a centrally positioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot horizontally, supplemental means for locating saidbaseastoalineonitsrestingsuriace,a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said hase and having sidewardly-extending members in the same plane as the vertical arm for contacting with the sides oi a wheel,'and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel.

' 21. A gauge of the class described comprising a base having a centrally podtioned pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot horizontally, supplemental means for locating said base as to a line on its resting surface, a vertical gauge arm pivotally molmted on said base and having sidewardly-extendlng members in the same plane as the vertical arm for contacting with the sides of a wheel, and a scale associated with the gauge arm and the base for indicating the camber angle of the wheel, the pointer being centrally positioned with reference to the vertical gauge-arm. Y

22. A gauge of the class described comprising a hat-bottomed base so constructed that it stands upright on a level iioor, an upwardly projecting' pedestal on the base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said pedestal above said base and having sidewardly-extending members at equal angles to the gauge arm for contact with the side of the tire 'of a wheel, said arm and said members lying in the same plane, and a pointer and a scale associated with the gauge arm and mounted on the base for indicating the camber angle 'oi' the wheel, the gauge being a portable unit operative on any level iloor.

A23. A gauge oi the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivitally mounted on said base and having sidewardly extending members for contacting the sides of a wheel, indicating means associated with said gauge arm and indicating means associated with said base for indicating the camber angle of a wheel being tested. a scale diagram for locating the position oi' a vehicle wheel on its resting surface. and indicating means associated with said base for locating the position oi' a wheel on the scale diagram.

24. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly extending members for contacting the sides of a wheel, in-

dicating means associated with said gauge arm and indicating means associated with said base for indicating the camber angle of a wheel being tested, a scale diagram i'or locating the position of a vehicle wheel on its resting surface, indicating means associated with said base for locating the position of a wheel on the scale diagram, and a pointer associated with the base for indicating its position as to the line of the scale diagram.

25. A gauge o1' the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly extending members i'or contacting the sides of a wheel, indicating means associated with said gauge arm and indicating means associated with said base for indicating the camber angle of a wheel being tested, a scale diagram for locating the position of a vehicle wheel on its resting surface, indicating means associated with said base for locating the position of a wheel on the scale diagram, and a pointer associatedwith the base for indicating its position as to the line of the scale diagram. the scale diagram including a straight line extending the distance of the wheel base of a vehicle.

26. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotalLv mounted on said base and having sidewardly extending members for contacting the sides of a wheel, indicating means associated with said gauge arm and indicating means associated with said base for indicating the camber angle of a wheel being tested, a scale diagram for locating the position of a vehicle wheel on its resting surface, and indicating means on the sidewardly extending members for locating its center as to the base center.

27. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, and an upwardly extending arm positioned on the base, the upwardly extending arm forming two right angles with the bottom oi.' the base transversely to the base center front and rearline, said base having a centrally located pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot for locating the position oi' a vehicle wheel as to its resting place.

28; A gauge of the class described comprising a base, a vertical gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sidewardly extending members ior contacting the sides of a wheel, indicating means associated with said gauge arm and indicating means associated with said base for indicating the camber angle of a wheel being tested, a scale vrdiagram for locating the pomtion o! a vehicle wheel on its resting surface, indicating means on the sidewardly extending members for locating its center as to the base center. and a scale adjacent a central line through the base and its pointer for locating the position oi a vehicle wheel.

29. A gauge of the class described comprising a base, an upwardly extending arm positioned on the base, the upwardly extending arm forming two right angles with the bottom oi' the base transversely to the base center iront and rear line, said base having a centrally located pointer about which thebase can be moved as-a pivot for locating the position oi a vehicle wheel as to its resting place, and a scale diagram for locating the podtion of a vehicle wheel on its resting surface.

80. A gauge oi' the class described comprising a base. an upwardly extending arm positioned on the base, the upwardly extending arm forming two right angles with the bottom of the base transversely to the base center iront Iand rear line, said base having a centrally located pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot for locating the position of a vehicle wheel as to its resting place, a scale diagram for locating the position o! a vehicle wheel on its resting surface, and indicating means associated with said base for locating the position of a wheel on the scale diagram.

31. A gauge ot the class described comprising a base. an upwardly extending arm positioned on the base, the upwardly extending arm forming two right angles with the bottom of the base transversely to the base center i'ront and rear line, said base having a centrally located pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot for locating the position of a vehicle wheel as to its resting place, and indicating means on the upwardly extending member tor locating its center positionastothebase center.

32. A gauge oi' the class described a base, an upwardly extending arm the base, the upwardly extending arm forming two right angles with the bottom of the base transversely to the base center front and rear line, said base having a centrally located pointer about which the base can be moved as a pivot compridnl positioned on i'or locating the pomtion of a vehicle wheel as to its resting place, and indicating means mounted on the arm and engageable with the wheel for locating the center oi a vehicle wheel.

33. A gauge oi' the class described comprising a base forming an angle at one side and a pointer at the apex oi' the angle, a gauge arm pivotally mounted on said base and having sid extending members for contacting with the sides of a wheel. and indicatingmeans associated with said base and-indicating means mounted on said gauge arm and engageable with the wheel for indicating the angle of the pivotal support of a vehicle wheel.

34. A gauge of the claas described comprising a base forming an angle at one side and a pointer at the apex of the angle, a vertical gauge arm on said base having sidewardly extending; members tor contacting the side oi' a wheel, and'indioating means on said sidewardly members for indicating its center pomtion as to the" base center line ior indicating the wheel base of a vehicle.