USRE20908E - Friction element - Google Patents
Friction element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE20908E USRE20908E US20908DE USRE20908E US RE20908 E USRE20908 E US RE20908E US 20908D E US20908D E US 20908DE US RE20908 E USRE20908 E US RE20908E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- friction
- oil
- polymerized
- tough
- curing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/021—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
- F16D69/022—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos in the form of fibres
Definitions
- This invention relates to composition friction elements and its object is to provide a novel friction. element which is flexible and tough, which is wear and heat resistant and which can be readily and easily prepared and formed to shapes for brakes, clutches and other mechanical devices wherein a braking or retarding effect is required.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a friction element in strip form which has suflicient flexibility and transverse strength to enable it to be readily conformed and applied to arcuate or other supports therefor in brakes, clutches and the like and which is dense and hard and possesses desired friction qualities.
- I provide a base mixture of short fiber asbestos, finely divided natural pyrobituminous material, sulfur and slaked lime and mix the same thoroughly in a dough mixer or other suitable apparatus.
- I also provide a bond mixture of linseed oil purely polymerized, that is, containing substantially no oxidized oil and a solvent or thinner and add this bond mixture to the base mixture in the mixer and agitate the mass thoroughly until the bond mixture is thoroughly incorporated in the base mixture.
- the resulting composition is then molded in a continuous strip of desired dimensions and the strip is formed in a coil or cut into lengths and the coil or lengths are placed in a suitable oven and cured.
- a mixture which I have used comprises short fiber asbestos 65 pounds; finely divided bituminous coal 25 pounds; sulfur 3 pounds; slaked lime 2 pounds; purely polymerized linseed oil 15 pounds; and oleum spirits 7 pounds.
- ordinarily linseed oil raw or double boiled becomes hard, dry and brittle in curing
- purely polymerized linseed oil becomes tough, elastic and flexible in curing, and for these reasons it is highly desirable in the manufacture of composition friction elements because it imparts these qualities to the elements and provides a strong, tough element having desired tensile and crosssectional strength and sufficient flexibility to enable it to be readily adapted for different installations.
- the purely polymerized linseed oil is sticky, gummy and of the consistency of heavy molasses and I find it desirable to cut the oil with a suitable solvent or thinner to a consistency which will permit it to be readily mixed with the base mixture.
- the coils or cut lengths of strip material are placed in an oven and are subjected to a curing temperature of from F. to 200 F. for a sufficient length of time, depending upon the thickness of the material, to drive off the volatile matter, and then the temperature is stepped up to from 250 F. to 350 F. and maintained until the curing is complete.
- This curing operation is conducted without pressure and may continue from 8 to 15 hours.
- the low acid value of the purely polymerized oil insures a low free fatty acid content.
- the slaked lime under heat supplied in the curing operation saponifies more or less of the free fatty acid content and produces a form of soap which remains in the product as a latent lubricant. Under the heat of braking friction this soap produoes a slight lubricant effect which helps to prevent scoring or other destructive action of the brake element upon brake drum or other part to be braked.
- the sulfur assists in maintaining the desired flexible quality of the element by causing the purely polymerized oil to dry to a tough elastic film in a shorter time and at a lower temperature.
- the slaked lime has the further quality of preventing shrinkage and warpage in curing, to a large extent.
- My invention provides a friction. element which is particularly useful in brakes and clutches and which may be used for many other purposes. It is solid and hard, but not rigid, and it has sufficient flexibility to enable it to be easily fitted to arcuate or other supports for which it is adapted without liability of fracturing the composition body, which would tend to promote disintegration and lessen the efiiciency and life of the element. While I believe the invention will be used principally in the manufacture of friction elements in the form of strips, it can also be used in the manufacture of friction elements in the form of blocks in a mold press and it will be desirable in blocks because of the strength and flexibility which it imparts to the block.
- a friction element the initial ingredients of which comprise a base including asbestos, finely divided pyrobituminous material, sulphur and lime, and a bonding material of vegetable drying oil purely polymerized, that is, containing substantially no oxidized oil and which is polymerized sufliciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and which in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil.
- a frictionv element the initial ingredients of which comprise a friction material, and a bonding material of purely polymerized and not otherwise chemically changed vegetable drying oil which is polymerized sufiiciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil. 7
- a friction element the initial ingredients of which comprise a friction material, and a bonding material of purely polymerized and not otherwise chemically changed linseed oil which is poly merized sufliciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Reissued Nov. 1, 1938 UNITED STATES PNFENTv OFFICE FRICTION ELEMENT No Drawing. Original No. 1,924,021, dated August 22, 1933, Serial No. 506,752, January 5,
Application for reissue September 6,
1938, Serial No. 228,622
4 Claims.
This invention relates to composition friction elements and its object is to provide a novel friction. element which is flexible and tough, which is wear and heat resistant and which can be readily and easily prepared and formed to shapes for brakes, clutches and other mechanical devices wherein a braking or retarding effect is required.
Another object of the invention is to provide a friction element in strip form which has suflicient flexibility and transverse strength to enable it to be readily conformed and applied to arcuate or other supports therefor in brakes, clutches and the like and which is dense and hard and possesses desired friction qualities.
In the practice of my invention I provide a base mixture of short fiber asbestos, finely divided natural pyrobituminous material, sulfur and slaked lime and mix the same thoroughly in a dough mixer or other suitable apparatus. I also provide a bond mixture of linseed oil purely polymerized, that is, containing substantially no oxidized oil and a solvent or thinner and add this bond mixture to the base mixture in the mixer and agitate the mass thoroughly until the bond mixture is thoroughly incorporated in the base mixture. The resulting composition is then molded in a continuous strip of desired dimensions and the strip is formed in a coil or cut into lengths and the coil or lengths are placed in a suitable oven and cured. A mixture which I have used comprises short fiber asbestos 65 pounds; finely divided bituminous coal 25 pounds; sulfur 3 pounds; slaked lime 2 pounds; purely polymerized linseed oil 15 pounds; and oleum spirits 7 pounds. I use a polymerized linseed oil which has an acid No. 2.5. Whereas, ordinarily linseed oil raw or double boiled becomes hard, dry and brittle in curing, purely polymerized linseed oil becomes tough, elastic and flexible in curing, and for these reasons it is highly desirable in the manufacture of composition friction elements because it imparts these qualities to the elements and provides a strong, tough element having desired tensile and crosssectional strength and sufficient flexibility to enable it to be readily adapted for different installations. The purely polymerized linseed oil is sticky, gummy and of the consistency of heavy molasses and I find it desirable to cut the oil with a suitable solvent or thinner to a consistency which will permit it to be readily mixed with the base mixture.
The coils or cut lengths of strip material are placed in an oven and are subjected to a curing temperature of from F. to 200 F. for a sufficient length of time, depending upon the thickness of the material, to drive off the volatile matter, and then the temperature is stepped up to from 250 F. to 350 F. and maintained until the curing is complete. This curing operation is conducted without pressure and may continue from 8 to 15 hours.
The low acid value of the purely polymerized oil insures a low free fatty acid content. The slaked lime under heat supplied in the curing operation saponifies more or less of the free fatty acid content and produces a form of soap which remains in the product as a latent lubricant. Under the heat of braking friction this soap produoes a slight lubricant effect which helps to prevent scoring or other destructive action of the brake element upon brake drum or other part to be braked. The sulfur assists in maintaining the desired flexible quality of the element by causing the purely polymerized oil to dry to a tough elastic film in a shorter time and at a lower temperature. The slaked lime has the further quality of preventing shrinkage and warpage in curing, to a large extent.
My invention provides a friction. element which is particularly useful in brakes and clutches and which may be used for many other purposes. It is solid and hard, but not rigid, and it has sufficient flexibility to enable it to be easily fitted to arcuate or other supports for which it is adapted without liability of fracturing the composition body, which would tend to promote disintegration and lessen the efiiciency and life of the element. While I believe the invention will be used principally in the manufacture of friction elements in the form of strips, it can also be used in the manufacture of friction elements in the form of blocks in a mold press and it will be desirable in blocks because of the strength and flexibility which it imparts to the block.
I do not restrict the invention to the specific materials and formula herein specified but reserve the right to use any equivalents for the materials and to vary the proportions and the temperatures in the curing operation as may be found desirableto satisfy different conditions or sufficiently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and which in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil.
2. A friction element the initial ingredients of which comprise a base including asbestos, finely divided pyrobituminous material, sulphur and lime, and a bonding material of vegetable drying oil purely polymerized, that is, containing substantially no oxidized oil and which is polymerized sufliciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and which in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil.
3. A frictionv element the initial ingredients of which comprise a friction material, and a bonding material of purely polymerized and not otherwise chemically changed vegetable drying oil which is polymerized sufiiciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil. 7
4. A friction element the initial ingredients of which comprise a friction material, and a bonding material of purely polymerized and not otherwise chemically changed linseed oil which is poly merized sufliciently to be sticky and gummy and yet soluble in oleum spirits and in the finished element is a tough and flexible material containing substantially no oxidized oil.
WILLIAM A. BLUME.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE20908E true USRE20908E (en) | 1938-11-01 |
Family
ID=2086226
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US20908D Expired USRE20908E (en) | Friction element |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USRE20908E (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2453188A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1948-11-09 | American Brake Shoe Co | Method of making friction elements and bond therefor |
-
0
- US US20908D patent/USRE20908E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2453188A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1948-11-09 | American Brake Shoe Co | Method of making friction elements and bond therefor |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2293914A (en) | Process of making friction lining | |
CS216919B2 (en) | Friction material | |
USRE20908E (en) | Friction element | |
US1924021A (en) | Friction element | |
USRE20907E (en) | Method of making friction elements | |
US2534607A (en) | Molded brake lining | |
US1992601A (en) | Method of making friction elements | |
US2165140A (en) | Compositions of matter and methods and steps of making and using the same | |
US2273770A (en) | Process of making brake lining | |
US2012259A (en) | Friction lining | |
US1866287A (en) | Friction elements and method of making | |
US2155020A (en) | Friction material | |
US2175480A (en) | Molded friction material | |
US2011915A (en) | Friction facing material | |
US3842031A (en) | Friction material | |
US2256646A (en) | Molded composition friction body | |
US2262733A (en) | Process of making friction material | |
US2164326A (en) | Composition of matter and methods and steps of making and using the same | |
US1724718A (en) | Brake-shoe filling and lining | |
US2539631A (en) | Method of modifying drying oils and friction material containing modified drying oil | |
US1851036A (en) | Brake block composition | |
US2078617A (en) | Friction element and bond therefor | |
US2495277A (en) | Compositions, including a hydrogenated semidrying oil and methacrylate resin mixture as a lubricant | |
US1326681A (en) | matthaei | |
US2465858A (en) | Bonded fibrous shape and method of making same |