USRE20360E - Process of treating water - Google Patents
Process of treating water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE20360E USRE20360E US20360DE USRE20360E US RE20360 E USRE20360 E US RE20360E US 20360D E US20360D E US 20360DE US RE20360 E USRE20360 E US RE20360E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- precipitation
- ammonia
- calcium
- calcium carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 38
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 24
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229960005069 Calcium Drugs 0.000 description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- SZGVJLCXTSBVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaoxido-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5},8$l^{5},10$l^{5},12$l^{5}-hexaphosphacyclododecane 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaoxide Chemical compound [O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 SZGVJLCXTSBVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229940077747 antacids containing calcium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 3
- -1 for 1 example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H Sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meta-phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYCBFXMWPVRTCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium metaphosphate Chemical compound N.OP(=O)=O PYCBFXMWPVRTCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]P(=O)=O.[O-]P(=O)=O ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001313871 Puma Species 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J Pyrophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 Tannic Acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N Tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017585 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940077744 antacids containing magnesium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011776 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for avoiding the deposition of calcium carbonate from natural waters at their natural temperatures.
- the precipitation of calcium carbonate is the factor which limitsthe amount of ammonia which can be added to the water. For example, with a particular irrigation water (applied to an orange grove) having a calcium concentration of one! 30 hundred and twenty parts per million of water and nearly the equivalent amount of bicarbonate, it was found that the ammonia passed into the water had to be limited to twelve and one-half pounds per hour when water was applied at the 5 rate of 225,000 lbs/hr. Any larger introduction of ammonia resulted in the fatal plugging of the *pipe lines, valves and the like, due to the heavy precipitation of calcium carbonate. Application of ammonia at the above low rate was totally inadeguate to supply the needs oi the orange trees.
- my invention comprises the addition of substances to water which will avoid or delay the precipitation of calcium carbonate or will pro-' Jerusalem such precipitate in so finely divided a state that it will not adhere tothe pipes and valves through whichthe water is passed.
- a hay infusion was madeby steeping 100 grams of alfalfa hay in one liter 01' water and allowing the hay to remain until bacterial action had progressed to aconsiderable degree.
- the liquid containing the infusion was drained oil? and added in the amount of. one cubic inch of liquid to one hundred cubic inches of irrigation water containing calcium bicarbonate in large amounts. After the addition of ammonia to the water it wasiound that the precipitation of calcium carbonate was delayed ior approximately twenty minutes.
- the precipitate ultimately formed was very fine andnonadherent.
- ammonium hexa-meta phosphate was added so as to produce a meta phosphate concentration oi from 0.50 part per million to 1 part per million. Thereafter sufficient ammonia was added into the water to produce an ammonia concentration of 500'parts per million. This would normally cause the rapid precipitation 01- large amounts, of calcium carbonate. No precipitation took placei'or several hours.
- ammonium meta phosphates I may use other meta phosphates such as sodium meta phosphates, potassium meta phosphates or I may use meta phosphoric acid.
- organic colloidal substances such as for 1 example, tannic acid, bark'extracts, manure infusion and the like also effect the rate of precipitation and physical character of the precipitat'e favorably for the objective desired.
- the treating reagent can be added to the water by any suitable metering device.
- amoimts 55 of treating reagent can be added to the water at the same time and in proportion to the ammonia flow by well known devices. It is preferable in the case of meta phosphate or metaphosphorlc acid that it be introduced into the water at a point upstream from ,the point of ammonia iniection.
- Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer .to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a calcium carbonate precipitation retardant to water in an amount sumcient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate from said water upon the subsequent addition of ammonia. adding ammonia to ,said water, thereaftersupplying said treated water to the soil fertilizer to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a soluble phosphate to said 7 water in'amounts suflicient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate from said water upon the subsequent addition of ammonia, adding ammonia to said water, thereafter treated waterv to the soil.
- Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a soluble meta phosphate to water inamounts sufficient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate upon the subsequent addition of ammonia, adding ammonia to said water thereafter supplying said treated watertothesoil.
- Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer to soils by'means of irrigation'water comprising adding a member of the group'fcons'isting of ammonium meta phosphate, sodium meta'phosphate. potassium meta phosph te and meta phosphoric acid to water in amounts sufficient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate upon the subsequent addition of ammonia ,.adding ammonia to said water thereafter supplying said treated water to the soil.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
Reissued Ma 11, 1937 UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE rnocnss or TREATING ws'raa Ludwig Rosenstein, San Francisco, Calif assignor .to Shell Development Company. San Francisco,
Calii., a corporation oi Delaware 10 Claims.
. This invention relates to a process for avoiding the deposition of calcium carbonate from natural waters at their natural temperatures.
This invention is particularly useful where ferti- I 26 The precipitates so formed from natural waters also contain magnesium carbonate. To avoid repetition the termcalcium"will be used throughout this specification whenever both calcium and magnesium compounds are'intended. I
25 The precipitation of calcium carbonate is the factor which limitsthe amount of ammonia which can be added to the water. For example, with a particular irrigation water (applied to an orange grove) having a calcium concentration of one! 30 hundred and twenty parts per million of water and nearly the equivalent amount of bicarbonate, it was found that the ammonia passed into the water had to be limited to twelve and one-half pounds per hour when water was applied at the 5 rate of 225,000 lbs/hr. Any larger introduction of ammonia resulted in the fatal plugging of the *pipe lines, valves and the like, due to the heavy precipitation of calcium carbonate. Application of ammonia at the above low rate was totally inadeguate to supply the needs oi the orange trees. In order to overcome this-difliculty 4 in this and similar cases, it was necessary to devise some means of either preventing the precipitation of calcium carbonate or inhibiting itsformation tor a suilicient time period so that all water would leave the system beioreprecipitation took place, or causing the precipitated particles to be of such physical character that they would be swept out oi the by the ilow of water and would not mssuw deposit on the surfaces 01 the pipes and valves forming the distribution system.
It is an object of this invention to devise a method of preventing the deposition of calcium carbonate iromwaters. It is a further object of 5 this invention to devise a process which will enable ammonia to be added to irrigation water in greater quantities than heretofore.
It is another object of this invention to devise means which will avoid deposition oi calcium car- 1 bonate produced by the addition of ammonia to water. i I
In brief, my invention comprises the addition of substances to water which will avoid or delay the precipitation of calcium carbonate or will pro-' duce such precipitate in so finely divided a state that it will not adhere tothe pipes and valves through whichthe water is passed. 1 i
The following is an example of the use of a precipitation retarding colloid. A hay infusion was madeby steeping 100 grams of alfalfa hay in one liter 01' water and allowing the hay to remain until bacterial action had progressed to aconsiderable degree. The liquid containing the infusion was drained oil? and added in the amount of. one cubic inch of liquid to one hundred cubic inches of irrigation water containing calcium bicarbonate in large amounts. After the addition of ammonia to the water it wasiound that the precipitation of calcium carbonate was delayed ior approximately twenty minutes. The precipitate ultimately formed was very fine andnonadherent.
I have found that certain chemicals when added to the water will also retard the precipitation and render the precipitate finely divided and nonadherent.
The following is an example of these latter compositions. To a watercontaining 142 parts per million of calcium ion, ammonium hexa-meta phosphate was added so as to produce a meta phosphate concentration oi from 0.50 part per million to 1 part per million. Thereafter sufficient ammonia was added into the water to produce an ammonia concentration of 500'parts per million. This would normally cause the rapid precipitation 01- large amounts, of calcium carbonate. No precipitation took placei'or several hours. Instead of ammonium meta phosphates I may use other meta phosphates such as sodium meta phosphates, potassium meta phosphates or I may use meta phosphoric acid.
A significant part of this discovery is the very small amount of the reagent required. It is well known for example, that sodium hexa meta phosphate will react with calcium'ions in water'to form complex ions so that insoluble calcium compounds such as calcium soaps and calcium'carbonate not formed. The complex ion containing the largest amount of calcium is known to be I have found that it is not necessary to combine all the calcium into the complex ion 3); F and that precipitation of the calcium may be inhibited by using quantities of reagent far below the stoichiometric amount.
According ,to my discovery 1/2000 to 1/1000 of this stoichiometric amount is suflicient to accomplish the desired result when sodium hexa metaphosphate, potassium hexa metaphosphate or ammonium hexa metaphosphate are used.
It should be understood that in this speciflca-' tion and in the claims attached hereto, the term .alkali-metal" includes ammonium. I
I have also found that other soluble phosphates have the property of affecting the precipitation of calcium carbonate. For example, so- 0 dium pyrophosphate, orthophosphoric acid and in general salts of orthophosphoric acid all display the efl'ect of delaying the precipitation of .insoluble calcium compounds or of afl'ecting their physical character so that the precipitate is finely divided and non-adherent.
Other organic colloidal substances such as for 1 example, tannic acid, bark'extracts, manure infusion and the like also effect the rate of precipitation and physical character of the precipitat'e favorably for the objective desired.
The treating reagent can be added to the water by any suitable metering device. F
Where ammonia is added to the irrigationwater from cylinders of anhydrous ammonia, amoimts 55 of treating reagent can be added to the water at the same time and in proportion to the ammonia flow by well known devices. It is preferable in the case of meta phosphate or metaphosphorlc acid that it be introduced into the water at a point upstream from ,the point of ammonia iniection.
I claim as my invention: 1. Process of retarding the precipitation of calcium carbonate from natural waters compris- 55 ing adding to the water an all-metal hexa meta phosphate in amounts ot exceeding one thousandth part of the'stoichiometric amount required to react with said calcium to form calcium metaphosphate whereby precipitation 70. of calcium carbonate resulting from the addition of alkali is prevented. I
2. In a process of supplying increased amounts of fertilizer to soils by means of irrigation water, the step of adding a calcium carbonate precipitation retardant to said water in amounts only sumcient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate upon the subsequent addition of amthereafter passing ammonia into said water and supplying said treated water tothe soil.
5. Process. for inhibiting in natural waters the precipitation of calcium carbonateresulting from the addition of alkali consisting in adding to the watenan alkali-metal hexa meta phosphate in substantially less than. stoichiometricamounts.
6. Process for inhibiting in natural waters the precipitation of calcium carbonate resulting from an'increase in carbonate ion concentration consisting inadding to the water an alkali-metal hexa meta phosphate in substantially less than stoichiometric amounts.
7. Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer .to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a calcium carbonate precipitation retardant to water in an amount sumcient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate from said water upon the subsequent addition of ammonia. adding ammonia to ,said water, thereaftersupplying said treated water to the soil fertilizer to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a soluble phosphate to said 7 water in'amounts suflicient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate from said water upon the subsequent addition of ammonia, adding ammonia to said water, thereafter treated waterv to the soil. a
9. Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer to soils by means of irrigation water comprising adding a soluble meta phosphate to water inamounts sufficient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate upon the subsequent addition of ammonia, adding ammonia to said water thereafter supplying said treated watertothesoil.
10. Process for supplying increased amounts of fertilizer to soils by'means of irrigation'water comprising adding a member of the group'fcons'isting of ammonium meta phosphate, sodium meta'phosphate. potassium meta phosph te and meta phosphoric acid to water in amounts sufficient to prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate upon the subsequent addition of ammonia ,.adding ammonia to said water thereafter supplying said treated water to the soil.
puma :i! I
. Process for supplying increased amounts of supplying said
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE20360E true USRE20360E (en) | 1937-05-11 |
Family
ID=2085220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US20360D Expired USRE20360E (en) | Process of treating water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE20360E (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5199967A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1993-04-06 | Union Oil Company Of California | Foliar fertilization methods |
-
0
- US US20360D patent/USRE20360E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5199967A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1993-04-06 | Union Oil Company Of California | Foliar fertilization methods |
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