USRE190E - Steam-boiler and furnace - Google Patents

Description

they also retard the expend their heat.

PATENT OFFICE.

HORACE BOARDMAN, OF PLATTSBURG, NEW YORK.

STEAM-BOILER ANDl FURNAC.

I Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 6,649, dated August I4, 12549; Reissue No. |99, dated February 25, 1851;

To all whom it'may concern.-

Be it known that I, HORACE BOARDM'AN, ot' Plattsburg, in the county of Clinton and State of New Yorl,ha'veir1ve11ted certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers and Furnaces; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes them from all other things before known, and of the manner of making, constructing, and using the same, reference beging had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure lis an elevation of the boiler and furnace; Fig. 2, a horizontal section taken at the line A a of Fig. 1, and Figs. 3 and 4Evertical sections taken at the lines B b and C c 0f Fig. 2.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

My invention consists in constructing the tire-chamber ofl a boiler and the surrounding waterspace both of increased capacity at their upper extremities, where the heat is most intense, and in combining therewith a descending flue, by means of which the gaseous products ot' the combustion are conveyed downward, to be thence discharged into the chimney. The combustion of the fuel upon the grate within the re chamber is excited by a blast introduced into the ash-pit beneath, and the combustible gases engendered by the burning fuel are thoroughly burned by jets of air', which are introduced into the upper part of the tire-chamber in such directions that passage of the gases through the tlues', and thus give them time to 'Ihis retardation of the gases is increased by the action of a damper which is situated in the flue that conveys the spent gaseous products of the combustion to the chimney, and -is partially closed to prevent their too rapid escape.

In the boiler represented in the accompanying drawings the water-space is divided into two distinct sections, the upper of which, a, forms the body of the boiler, and should be provided with man-ho1es,safetyvalves, steampipes, and the other customary adjuncts of a steam-boiler, (which are not represented, as

' their construction and arrangement form no part of my invention.) The upper part of this removal of ashes and cinders.

section also forms the reservoir of steam or steam-chamber, in which the steam from the evaporating surface ot' the boiler accumulates, and whence it is conducted to the place where it is to be used. The lower section, b, of the water-space has the general form of au inverted hollow truncated cone or pyramid. It is connected with the upper section, a, in such manner that ample space is left for the passage of steam. The tire-chamber c has the general form of an inverted truncated cone or pyramid. It is closed at its top by the bottom ofthe upper section ofthe waterspace and is enveloped by the lower section. Itis fitted near its lower extremity with a grate ot' any suitable form, having an ash-pit, d, beneath it. The latter is represented in the present example as divided into two portions for the convenience of repairs and for facilitating the Itis fitted with a pipe, e, which conducts toit the blast by means of which the combustion of the fuel upon the grate is excited, and with doors,ff, to prevent the escape of the blast. .lhe fuel is introduced into the fire-chamber through a chute or irehole,j, which extends through the water-space and is closed by a sliding' door, g, whose weight is counterbalanced by a counterpoise, h. The `flame and gases pass from the upper part of the lire-chamber through suitable passages, lc, in the lower section of the water-space, to the descending flue, which conducts them to a cham ber beneath the ashpit. This descending flue is of enlarged capacity at its upper extremity where it receives the Haine and gases from the passages 7c. Be-

low this point it is contracted. 1t should be enveloped in a casing of some bad conductor of heat. The` chamber in which the descending flue terminates, and which 1 shall call the gasehamber, constitutes the lowest part of the boiler. In the present example it is formed of iron plate. Itk must be furnished with a ue,A fn, which communicates with the chimney, and is fitted with a damper, o, by means of which the escape of the gases can be regulated. This chamber must also be provided with an aperture, which is fitted with a door, p, in order that access may be had to the ash-pit, and that the sparks and ashes which lod ge in the chamber may be cleaned out with facility. At each of the passages 7c a -tuyere, q, is protruded,

either the' tuyeres which supply the blast to the grate should be so constructed as to admit of being disconnected to admit a draft of air to the grate, or a separate pipe should be made for that purpose. The combustion in the dre-chamber excited by the action of the blast introduced in the wind-chest below the vgrate evolves the flame and inflammable gases E which fill the lire-chamber, and communicates an intense heat to that part ofthe boiler which forms the top ofthe fire-chamber, and also to the inner side of the surrounding water-space.

The flame and the gaseous products of the combustion are forced upward and outward 4through the passages k, and as they pass upward and outward their currents are broken by the blasts of atmospheric air from the tuyeres or blast-pipes q, which have the effect thoroughly to commingle the atmospheric air and the inflammable gases at a high temperature, and thus to iniiame them and consume all or nearly all the combustible matter. The natural course 0f the gases producedby the combustion of the fuel on the grate is upward, and consequently an accumulation of the hottest portions will take place at the upper part ofthe fire-chamber, and through thel passages k in the upper part of the descending flue. The heat at these portions of the boiler is further increased by the consumption of the inflammable gases effected by the introduction of air through the tuyeres q. The introduction of air at this part of the boiler not only increases the intensity of the flame, but also increases the volume of the gases, thus rendering necessary a corresponding increase in the area of the fire-chamber and descending flue at these points. As the gases descend the ue, their heat is gradually labsorbed and their volume correspondingly diminished thus requiring a corresponding di- 'minution in the area of the descending flue,

which in the present example is el'ected by giving it the form of a hollow inverted cone or pyramid, whose thickness is greatest where its upper end adjoins the lower part of the main boiler. By this arrangement of boiler and this method of burning the fuel a more intense heat is given outA above .than below; e

tions of the 'water-space does not; circulate with that contained in the upper or hotter parts of the boiler, but is kept moving slowly upward by the action of the feed alone, which the boiler. The force of the blast from the wind-chest upward through the grate forces the ashes and sparks up to and through the passages 7c, and thence they fall by gravitation through the descending liuc, and are deposited at the bottom of Athe gas-chamber below the exit-pipe, where the sparks are extinguished` by the carbonio-acid gas, which is always present in this part-of the'apparatus when in operation. The products of the combustion as they pass down by pressure toward the exit-pipe after acting on every part of the boiler nally act on and heat the air which is retained `within the gas-chamber under pressure that part ofthe chamber below the ashpit will always be lled with heated gases to keep up the required temperature of the ashpit. l l I j 1 I do not-wish to limitv myself to the number of tuyeres for the introduction of the blast of atmospheric air either to the fuel on the grate or to thegasesissuing from the fire chamber into the descending flue 5 nor do I wish to limit myself' to the special form of boiler, the fire-chamber, water-casing, or descending Hue, as these may be varied at pleasure so lon g as the principle or character `of my inventionis retained. ,fi v What I claim as my improvement in steamboilers, and desire to 'secure by Letters Patent) S v i, .i i l l. 'Ihe combination of aprire-chamber and a water-casing, the upper horizontal sections of both of which are greater than theirlower, with a descending flue, the tire-chamber and watercasing being so arranged with respect to each other that the larger sections of the one adjoin the larger sections of the other, substantially in the mannerand for the purposes herein set forth. 2. The injectionof ajet or jets of air .at the flues or passages which conneet-thecombustion-chamber withV the descending flue for the purpose of igniting the gases andffretarding of the gas-chamber. v

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name. Y. .f

, Y. HORACE BOARDMAN.

Witnesses: A'

A. M. (lo'r'rER,

'ROBERT 'Bise-ers. -v l hence the water in the lower.l or YIcolder pori is introduced in the lowest or coldest part of blown into the ash-pit, and as the gasesy are` their progressive motion toward the bottom

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