USRE15821E

USRE15821E - A cobporavxotf

Info

Publication number: USRE15821E
Authority: US
Publication date: 1924-04-22

Description

April 22 1924. Re.l15,sz1

J. H. KENDIG PROCESS ANI) APPARATUS FOR DRAWING SHEET GLASS Original Filed July 19, 1916 tion; and

Reuma Apr. 2z, 1924.

UNITED STATES Re. 15,821 Ferca.

PATENT, lo

Juanma. xmwnrc, or nncnwoon, rrrrsnuaen, rmmsnvaN'ra, assrenoaro 'ran :ananEY-owmrs emr crass COMPANY, or rompo,- omo, a coaroaa'non or OHIO.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOB DRAWING SHEET GII-ABS.

Original No. 1,305,288, dated June 3, 1918, Serial No.

led June 1, 1821.

To all. 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JULIAN H. KaNnm, a citizen of the United States, residing at Edgewood, Pittsbur h, in the count of Allegheny andState o Pennsylvania, ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Ap aratus for 'Drawing Sheet Glass, of whic the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a process and apparatus forl drawing sheet glass, and has for its principal objects the provision of a process and apparatus whereby glass may be continuously drawn from a tank in the form of a flat sheet; the provision of an apparatus whereby the glass is supported while being drawn for the purpose of maintaining the glass in the form of a fiatsheet, without marring the surface thereof; the provision of a machinethat will form at a minimum of cost, sheet glass, free of blemishes and uniform inthickness, and such other objects as may hereinafter appear.

One embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the 4accompanying drawings, whereinz- Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus showing thetank and leer in sec- Fig. 2 is a section on the line II-IIof Figfl. l The apparatus comprises a tank 1 containing a body of molten glass 2 which is maintained at a constant level by yany convenient means.

The delivery end of the tank is` open at its front end to permit glass to ow over the` top edge of the` front wall 3 while the a'pparatus isin operation. A gated` is provided to extend across the end of the Vtank'for thel purpose of closing the discharge opening when the apparatus is not in operation. Then the a paratus,` is in operation, the gate 4 is held beneath 'the' surface of' the glas by any convenient means, vand when it is desired to shut 0E the flow of glass, the gate 4 is elevated so that the top edge thereof lprojects labove the surface of the glass.

skimmer 5 extends from one side ofthe tank to the other and is for the purpose of preventing the `impure surface glass from flowing out of the tank. lThe glass passing to lthe drawing opening, therefore, must 110,098, tiled July 19, 1916. Application for reissue Serial No. 474,228.

come from beneath the surface where the purest glass is obtained.

A cylindrical supporting roll 6 is positionecl adjacent the end wall v3 so that the axis thereof is approximatel on the same level as the glass inthe tank, and so that the surface of the roll almost touches the to outside corner 7 of the end wall. The rol consists of a supporting rim or cylinder 8 carried by the spokes 9 and is rovided with a bearin shaft 10 exten ing through the centert ereof and pro'ecting beyond the ends of the roll. Upon t e rim or cylinder 8 is mounted a series et planks 11 made preferably of bass wood, or a composition of bass wood sawdust and m0- lasses, which has been baked in molds. Any.

substance that is non-heat conducting and will not scratch or score the glass might be substituted, but it has been found that bass wood or the composition just referred to or any substance that will be carbonized with a smooth char vis preferable.

The planks or blocks 11 may be secured to the rim 8 by any suitable means, and are preferabl sawed or molded lwith curved sides wit a portion of one of the .curved sides cut away to form a deep narrow groove 12 between each plank or block. .When the ,planks are mounted upon the rim, the

grooves 12 will be curved kas shown in Fig. 2, and the reason for the curved grooves will `hereinafter appear.

The roll is mounted for rotation upon movable bearings 13 through which the ends of the shaft lproject, and suiiicient space is rovided between the bearings and the end; of the roll so thatthe roll may be moved back and forth in the direction of its A axis and transversely of the tank 1. The bearings 13 are slidably mounted upon bases 14 and are adapted to be moved toward and away from the tankl by means of thescrews 15 which are threaded through the bearing and supported and held against longitudinal movement by the base. When the wheels 16 are simultaneously turned the bearings willvfbe moved either toward or away from the end of the tank. Because of this adjustment the surface of the roll can be maintained at the vproper distance from the front end wall of the tank. a

Sheet glass Ais formed as follows: A cold ysheer. of glass is pnd between the. drawing roll at 19. The heat of the glass will'charA or carbonize the surface ofthe planks or blocks uniformly over the revolving surface thereof `but the blocks are burned only to a limited depth because the` surface is continuously moving and is being cooled b `the surrounding air when not in contact with the glass. After a smooth, velvety, uniform char has been formedon the entire surface of the roll, it is in condition for the forming of a glass sheet. j The drawing rolls 17 and 18I are now turned so as to lower the cold sheet, which serves as a bnitf into the glass for the purpose of startin a sheet of glass the same width as the eo dsheet or bait. Viren the glass' has adhered to the lower edge of the coldfsheet, the rolls 17 and 18'are reversed so that the lastic sheet will be slowly drawn over t e surface of the revolvingmoll 6.

u 'Iihe roll 6 is turned so that the surface thereof moves considerably faster than the`glass.

being drawn over' it. Therefore, each article of the under surface of the glass is eing continuously rubbed or stroked in a path parallel 'with thepath of lthe draw and is prevented from moving toward thel center of the sheet by the tendenc of the roll` to maintain it in a straight pat parallel to the vmaintains its 'original width` indefinitely.

The glass adjacent the surface will tend to cling to the side wall of the tank and will draw out slightly as at A. vThis formation assists in maintaining the full width of the sheet `at the point where the main body of glass. y

A further condition Vwhich assists in maintaining tlie glass in sheet form is the contact which the glass has with the roll' at 19 beneath the surface of theglass. The glass is partially 'cooled throughoutv the width of the sheet beneath the surface and therefore receives an initial hardening in `sheet form before it leaves the surface of the glass. This g ass from the surface of. the rglass in thev tank.

glass 'leaves the The curved grooves 12 re provided to stroke the glass' way from the center toward the edges when the .roll isyturned ant'i-\l clockwise, to assist inpreventing the particles of glass from moving toward the center o ffthe sheet. It is preferable to turn the roll so that the surface thereof moves in the direction op osite to that in which the glass is being drawn. blrt`the rollmay be turned in the reverse direction. in which event the roll should be reversed so that the curved grooves thereof will always tend to stroke.

the glass, awav from the center. Another function of the-groove is to conduct any gases formed by the combustion of the wood away from the under-side of the glass.

Because the surface of the'roll moves at a higher velocity than the surface of the glass, the sheet is maintained at its original width, and is atthe same time polished while being formed. The roll is also prevented from burning on account of this relative velocit)7 of the roll with respect to the glass.

Assuming that a sheet of glass has been drawn past the rolls 17 and 18 by the cold sheet bait the, operation is thereafter continuous. The rolls 17 and 18 continue to turn in the `direction of the arrows, and continuously draw'the glass sheet 20 overI the roll 6 and deposit it u on an endless belt carrier 21 to be hereina ter described.

The driving rolls 17 and 18 and the carrier 21T which are merely shown diagrammatically, maybe moved so that the point of tangency of the sheet 20 with respect to the roll 6 may be shifted tousuit operating s hould not leavethe wheel surface until it is just ready tofset or become hard, so that the sheet is stretched straight before it finally hardens,YA For the purpose of controlling the temperature of the sheet so that it will set or harden just after it leaves the wheel orl at the point marked S. va gas burner 22 and air pipes 23 and 24 are -provided. They flow of gas is regulated bythe valve 25 conditions. but itis preferable that the glass and the air pipes 23 and 24 are controlled by p valves 26 and 27, respectively. By manipulation of these valves the temperature of the sheet may be regulatedl and the, glass kept from cooling abruptly. Means for absorbing the heat, such 'as water cooled tubes placed adjacent the surface'.y of the glass. may be used in plate of the air pipes for regulating the temperature of the sheet. One reason for preferably turning the wheel 6 so that-its surfacev moves in adirection opposite to that in which the glass is being drawn will be seen from the following.

Assumingmthat the glass is set hard above "thepoint S, and suiciently set below the point S to the point C to prevent the cohesive action of the molecules from drawing l the molecules toward the center of ythe sheet-y then the space in which there is a tendency for the cohesion Vof the molecules to .draw them toward the center of the sheet is-between the point C and the surface of the glass 2. A chain of molecules suspended themolecules toward the edge of the glass.

After the glass passes the rolls 17 and 18, it passes upon the carrier 21 which consists of a pair of rollers28 and 29 supported upon a frame 30 which is pivoted upon a shaft 31.y An endless belt 32 passes over the rolls and is adapted to support the glass f sheet. When the glass sheet extends to the roll 29,'it is cut b any convenient means at the point X. e carrier is then moved downward about the shaft 31 by means of the rod 33 pivoted to the lever 34 secured to the carrier frame 30. When the belt 32 assumes the position indicated by the dotted line, the gear 35 on the roll 729 will mesh with the `gear 36 as indicated. The gear 36 is continuously r tated and will drive`r the endless belt 32, hereby moving .the glass sheet onto the carrier 37. ducts the sheet through a suitable leer 38 for the ur ose of permitting the glass to cool gra ual y. After the sheet has been' delivered to the leer carrier, the framev 30 is again elevated to receive and support the sheet being drawn. The rolls 17 and 18 and the carrier 21 may be incased in a suitably heated oven or 'extension of the leer to prevent sudden cooling of the glass as it is being drawn.

The temperature of the surface of the roll is regulated by means of one or more air blasts 39 arranged beneath the roll at suitable locations, and to insure uniform Wearing;r of the surface,the roll is moved back and forth longitudinally quite slowly las the glass is being drawn..

It is obvious that the process may be carried out by a machine of different design and construction and many changes may be made in the details of operation and construction without departing from the spirit of thc invention. and thc invention is therefore not limited to' the specific construction herein illustrated and described.

l claim as my invention l. The herein described process ofvmaking sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass directly from. the surface of a body of molten glass upwardly, while plastic. over a smooth supporting surface that will not meu' the glass. inclined from the perpendicular so as to support the This carrier cons 'glass in sheet form substantially from` the point of emergence from the body of glass to a remote point. in moving the supporting surface which is in contact with the glass with respect to the glass while the lglass is being drawn. and in permitting the glass to cool.

2. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass directly from the surface of a body of molten glass upwardly, while plastic, overV a carbonized supporting surface inclinedv from the perpendicular so as to support the glass substantially from the point of emergence from the body Iof glass to a remote point, in moving the supporting surface which isv in contact with the glass with respect to the glass while the glass is being drawn. and in permitting the glass to cool.

3. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass directly from the surface of a body of molten glass upwardly over a roll having asupporting surface thatrwill not' mar the glass'disposed so as to support the glass in sheet form substantially from the point of emergence from the body of the glass to a remote point, in turning the roll so that thevsurface thereof which is in contact with the glass-has relative movement with respect to the glass while the glass v-is being drawn, and in permitting the glass to cool. f

4. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plasf glass while the glass is being drawn, and in f permitting the glass to coo The herein described -process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass out 'of a body of molten glass, in supporting the sheet of plastic glass from the point where it leaves the body of molten glass v'substantially to the point where the glass hardens. upon a smooth surface, in moving the supportingr surface with respect to the glass While the glass is being V drawn and in permitting the glass to cool.

6. The herein describedprocess of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass out of a body of molten glass, in supporting the sheet of plastic glass A from the point where it leaves the body'ofr molten glass substantially to the point where y,

the glass hardens. upon a carbonized porting surface, in movingmthejsupporting" Aglass from the point where it leaves the body .of molten glass substantially to the poi'nt vwhere the glass hardens, upon a portion of the surface of a cylindrical roll havingla smooth surface, in turning the vroll so t the surface thereof has relative movement with respect to the glass while the glass is being drawn, and in `permitting the glass to cool.

8. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass directly from the surface of a body of molten glass upwardly, while plastic, over a roll having a supporting surface of soft carbon disposed so as to support the glass substantially from the point of emergence from the body of glass to a remote point, in turning the roll so that the surface thereof which is in contact with the glass moves in the direction opposite to that in whichthe glass is being drawn, `and in permitting the glass to cool.

9. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a lasticsheet of glass directly from the surace of a body of molten glass u wardly over a cylindrical roll having a vsur ace that will not mar the glass and so disposed as -to support the glass in sheet form substantially yfrom the polnt 'ofemergence from the body of 'the glass to a remote point, iny turning the roll so that the surface thereof which is -in contactv with the glassV has relative movement with respect to the lass and in permitting the glass to harden just after it leaves the curved surface ofthe rollll.

10. The herein described process Vof making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass. directly from the surface of a body of molten glass, in drawing `thel sheet while plastic upwardly over a cylinder having a surface composed of a substance adapted to be ca-rbonized by the heat of the glass and disposed so as to support the glass substantially from the point of emergence from the body of the glass to a remote point, in turningl the roll so as to intermittently move the particles of the surl face out of contact with` the glass to retard combustion thereof, and in permitting the glass to' cool.v t y 11. The herein described process of making sheet glass which'consists in drawing a plastic sheet ofglass directly from the surface of a/ body o molten glass, in drawing the/ sheet upwardly'ffwhile plastic over a smooth relatively non-"heat conducting supporting surface disposed at an angle from the perpendicular so as to support the glass i glass while the glassis being drawn, and

in permitting the lass to cool.

12. The herein escribed process of making sheet glass which consistslin drawing a plastic sheet of glass out of a body of molten glass, in drawing the sheet over a smooth supporting surface while plastic,fin stroking the entire sheet of glass in a direction from the center .of the sheet toward the edges thereof while plastic and in permitting the glass to cool.

13. The herein described process of making sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass upward out of a body of molten glass, in stroking the entire sheet of glasstin a direction from thecenter of the sheet toward the edges thereof while plastic and in permitting the glass to cool.

14. The herein described process of making/,sheet glass which consists in drawing a plastic sheet of glass upward out of a body of molten glass, in drawing the sheet over a roll having a,V smooth supporting surface the glass, in separating the sheet from the roll tangent to the surface thereof at an angle less than a right angle to the perpendicular, in supporting the glass'in the plane of tangency as it separates from the surface of the roll, and in permitting the glass to halrden directly after it separates from the ro l.

15. The herein described process of makA ing sheet glass which consists in dra-Wing a plastic sheet of glass upward out of a body of molten glass, in drawing the sheet over a roll having a smooth supporting surfaceV in contact withthe surface of the body of the glass, in separating the sheetl from the roll tangent to the surface thereof at an angle ,less than a right angle to the perpendicular, in supporting the glass in the plane'of tangency as it separates from the surface of ,the roll, in permitting the lass to harden directly after it separates rom the roll, in severing the glass in sections while suppotted in the plane of tangency and in lowering the sections to the horizontal plane after it yhas been severed.

16. In combination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for coli-v 'in contact with the surface of the body of' tact with the .glass beingiada ted to be4 moved with respect to the sur ace of the glass in contact with the roll.

17. In combination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containing molten lass and a means for drawing glass direct y from the surface thereof,

Aa continuously turning roll provided with a surface that will not mar the glass and dis posed so as to support the plastic glass in sheet form as it being drawn substantially from the point of emergence of the sheet from the molten lass to a remote point, the surface of the ro in contact with the glass bein adapted to be moved in a direction oppose to the direction in which the surface of the glass in contact with the roll is being drawn. 1

18. In combination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containing molten glass, and a means for drawing g ss therefrom, a roll adapted to be continuously rotated in contact with the sury face of the molten glass for. supportin the plastic glass in sheet form as 1t is eing drawn upward over the roll, provided wit a surface ada ted to be carbonized by the heat of the ass in contact therewith, the said surface aving relative movement with the glass in contact therewith.

19. In combination inl a machine for drawing sheet 'glass having a tank for containing molten glass and a means for drawing glass therefrom, a roll adapted to be continuously rotated for supporting the plastic glass in sheet form as it 1s being drawn provided with a surface having grooves on the surface thereof arranged so that the edges of the grooves will stroke the glass from the center of the sheet toward the edges as the glzlilss is being drawn over the surface of the ro v 20. In combination in a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containingmolten glass and a means for draw in lass therefrom, a continuously turning ro 1 or supporting the plastic glass in sheet form as it isbeing drawn provided with a surface having curved grooves on the surface thereof arranged so that the edges of the grooves will stroke` the glass from the center of the sheet toward the edges as the glass is being drawn over thesurface of the roll. i

21. The herein described process of makin sheet glass which consists in placing a ro l having a surface that will notI mar they glass adjacent the discharge openin 4that the surface thereof in contact with the glass has relative movement with respect to the glass in contact therewith.

22. The herein described'pro'cess of makro having a surface that will not mar the glass adjacent the dischar openin of e tank containing molten ass, in owing molten glass through the ischarge opening against the surface of the roll, in drawing a sheet of glass out of the tank upwardly over the surface of the roll above the surface of the molten glass, and in turning the roll so that the surface thereof in contact with the glass moves in a direction opposite to the direction in which the glass is being drawn. K y

23. A machine for drawing sheet glass comprising in combination, a tank for containing molten glass provided with a lateral discharge opening, a roll havin a surface which will not mar the glass a jacent the discharge opening so as to engage the horizontal surface of the lass in the tank and having a portion of its surface extending above the surface of the glass in the tank, and means for drawing a sheet of glass from the molten glass upwardly `over the roll -as the roll is rotated.

24. A machine fordrawing sheet glass comprising in combination, a tank for containing molten glass, a support in engageA ment with the glass having a portion of its surface inclined at an angle to the perpendicular above the surface of the glass, means for drawing arsheet of glass upward over the supportlat an angle less than a right angle to the perpendicular, means for supporting the glass at the prescribed angle while being drawn, and means for lowering the glass to a horizontal position afterthe sheet is drawn.

25. A machine for drawing` sheet glass comprising in combination. a tank for containing J'nolten glass, a roll having` a surface that will notvmar the glass in engagement with the surface of theglass having a portion ot its surface above the surface of thc glass, means tor `drawing a sheet of glassl upwardly over the surface of the roll and out of engagement thcrewithat an angle less than a right angle to the perpendicular', means for supporting a sheet at the prescribed angle `while boing drawn. and means for lowering the sheet., to a substantially horizontal position after thc sheet has been drawn. p r

`26. The herein described process of`d`rawing sheet glass whichconsists in placing a support having a surface that Awill not mar the glass adjacent the dischargel opening of `a tank containing nmltcn glass so that it.

)rojects above thc surface thereof. in flowing molten glass horizontally' tlirougli`-t|1cy sheet glass which consists` in placing a inn lll)

combination with means for drawing a sheetv of glass upwardly from a supply of molten glass, of a support over which the glass is` rawn and having a supporting surface adapted to be moved faster than the Y'glass and infthe opposite direction to the `movement of the glass.

` 28. In a sheet glass forming ap aratus, the combination with means for rawing a sheet of glass from a supply of molten las,l of a roll over which the lass is rawn adapted to be rotated at a iferent surface speed from that of the glass.

29. In a sheet glass forming apparatus, the combination with means for drawing a sheet of lass from a sup ly of molten glass, of a ro over which t e glass is drawn adapted to be rotated in the opposite direction from that in which the glass isdrawn.

30. In a sheet glass forming apparatus, the combination with means for drawing a ksheet of glass from a supply of molten glass, of a su port over which the glass is drawn adapte to polish the surface of the glass in contact therewith, the support being movable in the opposite direction from that in which the sheet is drawn to increase the rate of sliding contact between the sheet Aand sup ort.

31. The herein described process of drawing sheet glass which consists in forming a sheet of and moving the support in the direction o posite to the direction of travel of the cov.

s eet, whereby the sheet slidably en ges the support and is smoothed as it is. eing drawn.

32. In sheet glass forming apparatus, the combination with means for drawing a sheet vof (glass from a supply of molten glass, of

rection changing roll over which the sheet of glass is drawn, adapted to be rotated at a different surface speed from that of the glass.

33. .The combination with means for drawing a sheet of glass from a tank of molten glass, of a directionchanging device having a curved surface over which the sheet listhen passed and by which the direc-4 ltion of the sheet is changed while the glass is soft and plastic, said surface consisting of a material permittingrelative 'sliding movement of the said surface and the surface of the glass in contact therewith while the glass is in said soft, plastic condition, means to rotate said device and thereby cause said sliding' movement, and means to keep said surface of the said device at a low enough temperature to prevent its destruction by the heat of the glass.

j34. In a sheet lass forming apparatus, the combination with means for drawing a lass, drawing it over a support,`

sheet of glass from a tank of molten glass, a bending roll over which the glass isdrawn and by which its direction is chan ed, the

glass engaging surfaceot 'the rol being` the sheet is drawn and by which its direction is changed and adapted to be reciprocated as thc'rglass is drawn thai-cover.

36. The combination with means for drawing a sheet of glass from a suppl of moltenjglass. of a bending device over w ich the sheet is drawn and by which its direction is changed and adapted to be reciprocated in a direction `transverse to that in which the sheet is drawn thereover.

37. The combination with means for drawing a sheet of glass trom a suppl' of molten glass', of a bending roll over w ich the sheet is drawn and by which its direction is changed and adapted'to be simultaneously rotated and reciprocated in the direction of its length. t

38. The combination with m'eans for drawingla sheetof glass from a suppl of molten glass, of a bending device over w ich the sheet is drawn and by which its direction is changed, and means for moving the de vice in a substantially horizontal plane transversely of theY sheet.

39. The cdmbination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containing molten glass and a means for drawing a sheetof glass upwardly therefrom, of a means disposed between the drawing means and the point of origin ofthe sheet and moving transversely over the surface of the sheet for smoothing the glass after it is drawn from the tank. y

40. The combination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containing molten glass and a means for draw ing,.a sheet of glass upwardly therefrom, of a means disposed between the drawing means and thepoint of origin of the sheet and moving transversely over the surface of the sheet for smoothing the glass before it cools. z

41. The combination with a machine for drawing sheet glass having a tank for containing molten -glass and a means for drawing a sheet of glass upwardly therefrom, of a means disposed between the drawing means and the vpoint oforigin of the sheet and'moving in the direction of the sheet over the surface of the sheet for smoothing the glass after it is drawn fromtb-e tank.

ft2-The combinationwith a machine for vdrawing sheet glass having` a tank for conilo means for moving them with respect to the glass. Y 44.4. The combination with means for drawing a sheet of glass, of a bending device over which the sheet is drawn comprising a series of spaced smoothing blocks for engaging the surface of the sheet and for stroking the sheet in a direction lengthwise thereof.

45. The combination with means for continuously drawing a sheet of glass, of means for smoothing or flattening the sheet cornprising a series of flattening bars arranged to successively engage a surface of the sheet and move in contact therewith in a direction lengthwise of the sheet.

46. A 4machine for drawing sheet glass comprising in combination a. tank for containing molten glass provided with a lateral discharge openingjfa".` roll having a surface adjacent the discharge opening for engaging the horizontal surface of the glass in the tank and having a portion of its Surface extending above the surface of the lass in the tank, and means for drawing a. s eet of glass from the molten glass upwardly over the roll as the roll is rotated.

47. The combination with means to draw a sheet of glass, of a device having a curved surface over which the glass is drawn while in a soft plastic condition, said surface oonsisting of a material permitting relative sliding movement of' `said surface and the surface of the glass in contact therewith While the glass is in said condition, means formoving said device transversely to the direction of travel of the glass as the latter is drawn thereovelgand means to prevent overheating of said device.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 31st day of May,