USRE14787E - Dynamo-electric machinery - Google Patents

Description

L. J. STEPHENSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED 02010. new.

Reissued Jan/6, 1920. 14,787.

5 SHEETS-SHEET L. J. STEPHENSON.

DYNAMO 5150mm MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED DEC, 10. 1919- v Reissued Jan. 6, 1920. 14,787.

5 SHEE15SHEET 2- v 1 O fab 4&0 500 aw mm /2% way mw Jim? 15; I @L'ghf 6%675/56/15072 L. J. STEPHENSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE FIY.

APPLICATION FILED DECIIOI-IQIQ.

Reissued Jan. 6, 1920. 14,787.

5 SHEETbf-SHEET 3- L. STEPHENSON. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINERY.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC, 10, I919 Relssued Jan. 6, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- L. 1. STEPHENSON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINERY. APPLICATION FILED nzc,10.1919.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

Reissud Jam 6,1920.

5100 4'04 50'0 5&0 mm ha!) 240 who m0 fa oo $5270 3400 7 Original No."1, 32 2,471', dated Noveniber 18, 1-919, serialreissueflle'd December '10, 1919. Serial No. 343,801.

: To all concern.

' .4 dynamo electric machinery,-

- This invention re LEIGH J. 'srEPHENsoN, or" CHICAGO? ILLINOIS, BURRAGE, or CHICAGO, Innnxrors.

"nY AMo-ELEcTRIc luncnmnmi Be it ;known that I, Ln'roir J. ST PHEN soN, "a 'citizenof th'e' United States, -resid-' ing at Chicago, -in the county ofGookand -State of I1linois,.have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in -D namo-- Electric- Machinery of which vthe fo lowing is. a fi1l1, clear,

. tion, reference being had ving drawings,

forming a part of this ,s'peci i L j i V lates to improvements in concerned with "improvements in "dynamos particularly applicable -to variation 'in' speed;

1 should operate asi ge sire'dto stop 7 th eby r turning current to" thefline which areintended to belused' 'eitherf'as generatorsor motors, my invention being n to dynamos' which are to be which are frequently or which are subject For "economical: re'a, sons it is. very desirable wherethe apparatus to bedrivenis of the type referredto started and stopped,-

above, andv where the amount ofj'power con-.

sumed is eonsiderablaj that the dynamo nerator. when it is de-f the apparatus or to reduce the I from which the dynamo, whilefunctioning.

as a motor, receives sup lyjof current.

-' Var ous expedients haveheret folebeen I isuggested for controllin'g a dynamoftogfund.

- and to function desired [to stop: apparatus, the d acting eifectmg proved undesirable in many instances,

.namo, w have the "characteristics "motor. This isdiue'to paratus heretofore required for producingt on as a motor,- to drive certain apparatus', or reduce the speed of the ynamo *-'for this purpose as a dynamical 'braking means for "the desired reduction in .speed.

For various 'reasohs these: "expedients hays; I

desiredth'at the dy en functioning as amotor, should ,of' a'seriefs woundf the fact that the apf especially sowhere' it is an apparatus having the necessary ide sired 'j char acteristics' has been very boniplica'ted, of high, initial cost, and. the

nance cost has-been excessive. Furthermore,

.it hasbeen round impossib e wi h.

apparatus.-

Specification o1 Iteissued Letters Patent. Reissued an,

to the accompa y I h are more is especially ftor.

v used as motors for driving. ve-h "hlClGS or mechanlsms will make it 4 Some as a generator when it is "line and the 'brakin mainte j Fourth;

No. 297,420, filed May 15, 1919. Application, for

heretofore in fuse, to provide for m two or three braking rates without the use of oomplicatedjand costly auxiliary controlling apparatus.

. Ithough-it has long of as'erieswound motor arenot the-most desirable characteristics which a motor for; 7. this service could-possess; up tof'thepresent time no means have'been' provided 'forpr'ocharacteristics that duc nga motor having desirable than those of a series 'moy invention, more specifically Speak,- ing,.relate s t'o meansfor providing a mo-- tor having'characteri stics that are more universally desirable. for electric railway operation and'othe'r sim-ilar service.

Myinvention also relates to improvements in dynamoelectric machinery which thisikindof apparatus to manufacture a singleline of dynamosand toprovidecon--- trglv'apparatus therefor by means of which these d'ynamos can be desired characteristic,' either of .a' tor,- the control apparatus parativel ture an requirin :verysmall upkeeliof'the objgcts'of- First: To provide a a motor to drive. apparatus with which it is connected, and which will utilize the; mQ-

mentumflof the connected apparatus when 85 functioning as' a generator, to return power itis 'conproduce a dy-. h ppa tu to the. power circuit, with which" nected and at thefsame time 'namic'al' braking effect upondriven thereby'n. V I 'secondqToprovide; an a type described,flbylmeans 0 which the rate I at which current is -returned to the effect produced can be regulated. as desire v Third: To" provide. apparatus of the character described, embodying means whereby the. ratedacceleration can be easily and economically controlled, as desired; To prov de apparatus as AssIGivoR or oNnH Lr To GEORGEH, p

ore than beenre'cog'nized byjs'gi railway 'GIIgIIIGGIS that the" characteristics 1 possible for a manufacturer of controlled to give. any series shunt or compound wound motor or generaitself being comsmall, economical tosmanufac my inventionare:

dynamo and control s apparatus therefor,- which will function as paratusof the power "set ioo I comparatively speak a shunt, series or compound wound motor,

1 7 control apparatus operating 3, ratus,

vshowmg the driving onnection between the -to those of a series wound motor,

.. esired, to eifect any as desired, or may be given operating char-- acteristics difl'erent from the operating characteristicsof a shunt, series or compound woundmotor; Sixth: To provide a dynamo of the type referred to, which, .when functioning as a motor, has operating characteristics similar and of such construction that-when operating as a nerator its voltage may' be controlled as desired rate of .dy-

namic brak1ng;. a i I Seventh: To provide a shunt wound dynamo with control apparatus whereby it may be caused to function as a motor having the characteristics ofa series wound motor;

Eighth: To provide a motor with means.

for regulating the speed thereof, so that the speed may be changed by imperceptible gradations; I I

Ninth; To provide a motor havin finite number 'of' speeds between its, high speeds;

Tenth; To inc-tor having a large speed range;

an in ow and Eleverithz'To provide a dynamo which,j be conwhen functioning as a motor, may trolled to .give,various speeds. between-its low and high speed, withoutthe use ofresistance orcontacts 7 carrying heavy currents;

Twelfth: 'To provide a dynamo of'the' character'described, the speed of which can be easily controlled from a distance;

Thirteenth: To provide a dynamo with operating characteristics may be easily and quickly varied orf-modified; and Fourteenth: To provide a dynamo, the

accompanying drawings, in -which 7 ve ntionahmann'er a dynamo esigned to dr ve a street car or other vehicle, or appaequipped with a regulating dynamo fniotor and the regulatin' dynamo;

fie

Fig. 2 nections; apparatus; i

Fig. 3 isa set of curves illustrating ceris a diagram 0 'tain operating characteristics of the apparatus disclosed in Figs. 1 and 2;.

of simple construction, economical to to operate, and which has a street car or other .Provide an adjustable speed by. means of whichit s' characteristics ofjwhi'ch can g varied or modified as desired, while operat f "%)ther objects will appearas this descrip tion progresses refercnce being had to the I of the conductor-27 with Figureldiscloses in a' mo air less con-' i the electrical conbetween the various parts of my Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and s schematic wiring diagrams illustrating certain modifications or variations of the elec- 'trical connections illustrated in Fig. 2-; v

Fi 9 is a side elevation of apparatus embodying a modified .form of myinvention;

Fig. 10 is a wiring diagram showing one form of electrical connections applicable to the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a more or less diagrammatical view showing the combined use of the control mechanism illustrated in Figs. 1 and '5' andFig. 9; and

Fig. 12 isa set of curves showing certain operating characteristics of the apparatusdisclosed in Fig. 11. I

Throughout the several views similar reference characters refer to similar parts.

'Referring to the drawings, and for the present to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference char: actor 15 indicates in a more or less conventional manner a dynamo, in the form of a motor designed to drive similar vehicle. This dynamo is provided with-an armature shaft 16 toone end of which is secured a spur gear 17 designed gear on the axle of the vehicle or apparatus to be driven." Mounted upon theend-of the casing of the dynamo'15. adjacent the spur gear 17 is a small regulating dynamo 18. For the purpose of distinguishing between the. regulating dynamo and the larger dy name 15, thelatter will be termed a power dynamo. The dynamo 18 is driven at a speed-bearing a constant proportionality to the speed of the armature shaft, by means of .agear 19 secured to the shaft16, which meshes with a gear; 20, secured. to the shaft 21 of the regulating. dynamo.

Referring to Fig. 2, the dynamo 15 is 15, one'end of which is connected with-the conductor 24 on the otorside .of the switch 24'. The'other end of the shunt field 26 is connected by means one terminal of. the regulating dynamo 18. The other terminal of, the dynamo 18 is connected by means of the conductor 28 with the conductor 25. By means of the connections just described, the field 26 and th armature of the regulat .ing dynamo are connectedv in series-with each other, and across'the lines 22 and 23'. The reference-character 28 indicates the field of the regulating dynamo 18. The field 281s connected shunt field 26-of the power dynamo by means of the conductors 29 and 30. admstable r are more or less which is illustrated to mesh with a suitable around or in parallel with the rheostat 31 age of the regulating is included in the circuit oithe field 28 of the regulating dynamo 18. The regulating dynamo 18 is connected with the shunt field 26 of the po a'manner that its voltage, that is, the voltdynamo voltage impressed upon-the sh the power dynamo by the mains 22 and 23. Fort e purpose of explaining the operation of my apparatus it will be assumed that the dynamo is to be used for driving a motor vehicle such'as a' street car or automobile. It is very desirable that the motor used for driving apparatus of this kind should be a series motor or at least should have characteristicssimilar to a series motor on account of the exceedingly high starting torque developed by a motor of this shunt field of the lmposed on the line he adjusta I is manipulated toward the left in Fi 2 1nd tion. a

The dynamo 1'8.

and'on account of its rapid accelerais so connected with'the dynamo 15 and the line wires that its voltage opposes the voltage wires. In starting a veed withmy improved apparatus hlcle equip t le member 32 of the rheostat31 Wer dynamo in such 1 opposes the unt field of v ture 15 is accelerated to open the circuit-of the field 28 of the.

' consequently reducing the the same rate as that of the dynamo 18, there'by reducing the excitation of this dynamo to substantially nothing, and

dynamo 18 to its f-lowest possible voltage. The startin resistance S is line voltage reduced by the starting resist the maximum current flows through the'field 26. By reason of the heavy currents -1I1 would accelerate in substantially the same manner as the shunt dynamo. However, as the dynamolS is ingeared connection with the dynamo 26 its armature will speedup at dynamo 15. If

' after closing the switch 2 1"- and thus starting the dynamo15 asa motor, the operator im stat toward the righ rheostat 31 is gradually cut out, thereby voltage of the cut in and the switch 24' is then closed, whereupon the full mediatelymoves the contact 32 ofthe rhe'o t,-the resistance of the stat 3 1 is Irheostat 31 of, or sto a vehicle, equipped 32 of the rheodynamo 18 and the speed of'its armature, the picks up at a rapid voltage of the dynamo As this voltage opposes the voltage imposed upon the field 26 of the dynamo 15 the field strength of the dynamo 15 is decreased at a rapidly accelerated rate. result of this is that the speed of the armaat'a much greater rate than it would be in the As a mattenof fact, the acceleration curve of my dynamo functioning as a motor and regulated as described resembles that, of a series motor. It will, of. course, be obviousthe rheostat 31 is moved toward the right.

' The voltage or counter-electromotive force of the dynamo 18 and the line voltage should to each other that when of the rheostat 31 is cut proper amount of current to flow through the shunt field 26 to cause the armature'of the dynamo 15 to rotate at the desired highest speed.

hen it is desired to decrease the speed with my" ap' paratus, t e movable contact moved to the left-hand side of the so asto cut in some or all of the resistance of this the braking rate desired. This causes a decrease in the current flowing through the field-28 and correspondingly decreases the voltage generated by the dynamo 18. The

The

absence of the dynamo I rheostat, depending upon current flowing through the field 26 imme name 15 gradually increasing the field strength of the dynamo 18. At'the same time the speed of the armature of the dynamo 18 is gradually increased and as a result of these increases in the excitation of the. fieldof the the dynamo 15 15 can be changed diately increases,thereby causing an increase in the saturation of the field dynamo 15. This dynamo. thereupon ceases to function as a moato'r must be furnished by-'the momentum of theveh-icle the speed of the armature of and consequently of the vehlcle decreases than that of the line, 15 again functions as vehicle at a reduced speed. When the vehicle is running, by completely opening the circuit of the field 28 the voltage f the generator 18 isreduced whereupon the dynamo a motor and contlnues' consequently of the vehicle, is reduced to that speedfat which the dynamo with its field fully excited, generates" a .voltage slightly less than that of the line. To bring the vehicle to a complete stop brake mechanism of some sort may be employed. 1 a

The speed of the armature of the dynamo from its lowest speed t the line by the gener- I until the voltage of the dybecomes equal to or slightly less Fige 3, it will be noted ($1 ll load, whilethe volts to 122 volts- 60 per cent.,whereas the increase lnvoltage approximately 118 volts. in decreasing from and load speed of 1270 to a full-load speed of 600, the voltage over themotor field terminals has almost doubled." I

Referring again to which the dynamo mustgenerate in order to cause the motor to speed u .under any load condition must initially icrease at .a .very much .fasterrate than the speed of the motor. This will be made clear by, refer ence to curve A. It will be noted that unis increasing from, say

namo increases from approximately 50 -The increase in .speed of'the dynamo is 142 percent. Itwill readily1 be seen that if the voltage of the dynamo's increases the field ofthe motor would decrease ata rate greater than the speed of the motor increases, and themotor wouldj take a continuously increasing amount, of

current .at aninc'r'easingispeed. Thespeed;

dynamo. would-increase of the regulatin with the speed 0 "the motor, until a point would be reached where it would generate incr.ease'of per curves, an'd to illustrate this Iwi a cou nter -electromotive force voltage, and since this counter-electromotive voltage impressed field would be reduced ning away and burning means which will, after the motor-has reached a certain'speed, causethe speed ofthe'motor to rate than "the voltage of the" dynamo increases.

That I have provided slihh-amah's will be apparent; from a further study "of these the portion ofthe curves extending beyond .1000 R. P. 0 Referring again to the full load curve, as the motor speeds up y from 10001} P. M. to 1600 R. PX M., which is an age ofthe dynamo increases from'142 to 170 per cent., or 19.7 per cent.

From these figures it will be seen that While 6O .per' cent., thevoltage of the regulating dynamo is increasing but 19.7 per cent.

infinitesimal space,- the In other words,-

"creases, the curves shown in.

that the voltage.

Speed of the motor 500 R. PM. to 800,1 R. P. M.,-thevoltage of the regulating dythe voltage of the dynamo fiel dueto the fact that the "current ould continue to increase at greater rate thanthe speed of themotor equal to line 1 to increase. speed by reference to curve curve being used tlfe calculatlons increase at a faster 'of adlrect current motor are refer to cent. inspeed, the volts 'lmagnetlzation' curve an lncrease .1n. voltage of v pressed upon the From the dynamo Volta e speed throng successive values must in-.

crease faster than its speed increases, nntil the of the curve isreached, which is at about 900 R. P, M. At'this speedfor an" not be changed, as the increasing at the samelrate as its speed. Beyond this point the dynaino'voltage'must increase at a le'sser'rate than its speedgin in oethe dynamo, voltage is proortional to the product of its speed and eld strength, this means that the dynamo field mustfrom this point be gradually decreased.-

In order, therefore, to get the fu'll speed range of the motor, thedynamo field must be increased up to acertain point, and then, decreased for any furtherincrease in speed. To. :accompli'sh this windingfor th includes a-rheostat, and which is connected thls arrangement the gradual-decrease in the strength of the dynamo field is dynamo 'fieldneed dynamo voltage is a ,85 result I provide a field 3 e; regulating dynamo, which.

. in parall'elwfith the motor shunt field. With automatical 1y accomplished, for at the higher speeds dropping, through the motor field, isldecreaSing, and

' consequently -the voltage over 'the" dynamo field actually decreasing, ther decrease of the -r This'makes the herent, and the readily obtained tions.

in spite ra-1'1 action continuous and in-. higher speed settings are regardless of load. condicircuit is] heostatjresistancet.

As stated above,- there is a point at which there is no change in the strength 'of the 105.'

fdynamo field. In otherwords, this ist-he point at which the fieldof the-dynamo ceases I "determine this I shall now B; of'Fi'g. 3, this for the reason that .it is the no current curve of the motor, and simplifies point.

If flux valuesin the magnetic field circuit values against speed values, the only ifl'er-- required to determine this ence being that by reason of the efl'ect of'the-f magnetic field of the motor,--'on'e end 0 the motor speed valuesandthevoltage imtain these various speeds. The" upper ends of. the iron formin the 1 i curve'is slightly distorted. The curves A, B and C of Fig, 3 show the-relation between the the speed of the'motor is increasing- H motor field winding to 'obcurves are, due. to the above mentioned efiec't of the magnetization curve'of lating dynamo, S equal force.

the iron and field circuit, bent slightly away from the axis of zero speed. There are certain other things which slightly distort the curves A and C, such, for instance, as armature reaction and armature I R drop, which 1do not aflI'ect curve B, and since, therefore,

roximates a true curve B more nearly ap all use it for the equilateral hyperbol-a, I 5 present demonstration.

Now let 9 equal the field fluxof the re the speed in R. P.

of both the dynamo and motor,

L equal line voltage, C equal the winding, constant of the dynamo in the equation. equals C S where V equals the voltsgenerated by the dynamo; that is, its 'counter-electromotive And let V 'equal the volts required at the motor shunt field terminals. The equation of an equilateral hyperbola 1s I V SZK (1) This is the equation of the curve B referredto the axes O y and 0-0:. This is the equation of the curve which is the locus of the values of the voltages a plied to the motor field terminals for di erent speeds.

'terminals, or c The voltages generatedby the dynamo equal the difierences between l ne voltage and the various'voltages applied to the motor field 1= 2 Substituting this value of v in (1), q sL-' sv,=K a

' V, equals CQS (4) p (Egsubstituting this valueof V in equation CS 7 CQ' CS Differentiating the equation v(6) to findthe maximum value of .q,

its

to'decrease, 0 q v Placing this derivative equal to zero,

' 2K? L- cs-i-ifi and , 2K.I-= I 5+1? Therefore, the speed a which the field of as shown above that is, where it starts V The ratio, I

thedynamo is at its maximum value is equal Substituting this value of Sin the equation,

v,s=.K'

2 ZVI JK or L 1 5 In other words, the dynamo field reaches its maximum value when the volta e over the motor field terminals equals onealf the line voltage. It will-be noted by reference to the equation (8) that the critical; speed is independent ofthe dynamo design, and also independent of the relative speed of the 7 motor and d namo.

By provi ing means for "decreasing the dynamo field after the motor has reached the critical speed abovedetermined, I am enabled veryconsiderabl to extend the working speed range of the motor. With- 1 out this means the'maximum speed will be reached when the dynamo field is at its maximum value. The speed at this point is The'minimum speed is at the point where 'the dynamofield equals zero, and the dy- 'namo voltage is zero.'- In other words,

v max. speed 2K I K q min. speed I] TI". In otherwords, if no means'are provided for decreasing the dynamo field after this critical speed has been. reached, the maximum increase in speed which it is possible to obtain for any designof motor or dynamo and any speed relation between them is one hundred per cent. Practically this increase cannot be obtained. The saturation of the magnetic circuit, armature reaction, 7 and ohmic drop all .reduce this amount materially.

' the "mechanical load upon the motor in 7 creases from no load, thespeed of the motor 1 ofthe motor shall increase with decreased rent flowing through the shunt field winding the power dynamo 15.. This small Conn: ter-electromotive force and the-armature re ture with increasecation "Serial l,No.'-257,573, filed October. 10,. constitutes'a I from the no load curve, either toward the curve A or toward the curve C, is accompanied' by a change in speed. That is, if

decreases with increase of load. This decrease in speed will tak lines d to is inclusive, depending upon the setting of the rheostat.

an operating characteristic similar to that of a series motor it is necessary thatthe field "speed. That I provide such means is shown The amount of this voltage over the motor field termined by the slope of inclusive, with respeet to and C, andlthe distances between the curves A, -B and (3 increase in theterm nals 15 detance between the curves A and B was mate;

it would be necessary, in-

rially decreased,

order to procure'the same increase in voltage over the motor field terminals, to mate 5 rially increase the slope of the lines d to k the upper.portions of these llnes would have to extend almost ,perp'en- I have prod to k inclu-' inclusive, that is,

d cularly. As the means which vided for producing the lines sivecannotnmterially increase. the slope. of

these lines, it becomes necessary to provide means for spacing the lines A,*B and-C. other; This.

I is the a which, as in any shunt, -motor, decreases the counter-.electromotive; generated by thea rma ;mate rial distances 1 from each means the apparatusust described armature resistance,

force necessary to be n load, and thereby causes the-speed todecrease with increase'in 7 load.

of which this application Icontinuationin part.

able to make the armature resistance of. sl'if;

- winding--26 This field winding will'be of but will provide 1 the necessary ampere turns to reduce the;

' stated that a is desirable to speed with load the desired degree. In my application above referred'to I have .torswith commutating field windings,- and e place along the In order to obtain h i in vFig. ,3, for with any one. setting of thef rheostat the voltage over the motor field increases. with increase in load, or decrease in speed.

- sistan'cedrop in the the lines (Z to 7cof t the curves A, B some. extent the.

dynamo. 15 when It canbe seen that if the dis lowest *running speed o I roduce a reverse magnetic flux in the field circuitof the regulating dynamo, of just suf-- accomplish this ditions; a full. across the-shunt field winding 26, and a n corresponding speed of the'motor 15 is pro v The'apparatus described above is de-- scribed'and claimed in my co-pending' appli-' 1 In some: cases it I will be found undesir:

v field winding .26. f

"the reason that it will lead to'excessive;armaturelosses. In order to-procure. the same result. and at the same.

L j time avoidthis objectio'mI name 15 with a series field-winding 40 :(see I namo and the field Windin fi e field winding 28 is,

provide the mo- I reversing field of this field Winding the speed be increased conolij'ectiqnable sparking at circuit-of the regulating 5 ture resistance drop in; the regulating dynamo, due to the comparatively heavy cur-- re ulating dynamo both reduce the potential e ectivelin sending. cur rent through the shunt field winding 26 he power dynamo, and thus limit I to In order, to lncrease the field-winding '50 lowest speed of' -the'vpower functioning as a motor.

. (see Fig. 5), which is connected in shunt to the shunt field winding'fojf the power dyanmo 15', in the same manner that thefield winding 28 of the reg- .ulating'. dynamo is connected. The field ed so-that at the the motor it will] winding may be desi ficient. strength tocdmpensate for the armature resistancedrop." Before the field can resultit must, of course,- have eliminated the residual magnetism; of the regulating dynamo.

line voltage will be impressed duced. A still lower running. speed may be obtained by making the field winding such h m .1 notien y up a voltage in a direction to assist the line voltage to impress a. voltage greater than line voltageover th In Fig. 6 I :halve} illustrated a variation of the: connections shown connected directly in ries with the armature of'the "regulating dygi'26' Ofthfi power dynamo. By means of this connection the current injthe predominating field winding 28 is. varied in proportion .fiow ofcurient in the. field winding 26, just the same as 1t lsby "the shunt, connection illustrated :in

winding 50 of the regulat- 50 of strengthas to cause the regulating dyreverse,-but to build -.to the rate .of

terminals of the shunt 1 also be re ing dynamo field circuit is due to the resultant magnetootive forced the two windings 28 and and can therefore be varied byadjustment ,of the rheostat 31.

' In Fig. -7 I have illustrated diiferentconnectionsby means of which the current in the main field'winding' 28 of the regulatingdynamo canbe caused to yary proport1on-' ately to the flow of-current 1n theffield winding 26 of the power dynamo, and can the main eld winding 28 of the regulating namo. This arrangementthe same result as the shunt: connection illustrated in Figs. 2, i

the field winding28 may be regulated by the rheostat 31, which, as shown, "is connected in parallel with the field winding 28. f ,From the above description it will be clear that when the dynamo 1 5- is functiona lower stable running speed if'some'mea'ns could be provided for causing dynamo 18 to reverse its polarity and generate an-electromotive forc'e in a' direction 'always the same as t r gh cam 87,

consequently,- I

lated' as desired. In-this figure .4 'and'6. The current in -i ng as a motor, it couldbe caused'to'have" the regulating.

to assist the line voltage to give'the dynamo 15 a very strongijfield, In:

ill ustrz-ites a lever: pivotally-gniounted at upon opposite sidesof the'lpivot"point 81,

v, these contacts being insulated in any desir able manner from each'other. -The'refer'e.nce

the fieldiwindingof 1 character 28 indicates the regulating dynamo. 1 8,

the terminals of which may be connected 'duct ors 84 with the movable contacts 82 and 83.- .Stjationary'contac'ts 85, 86, -and. '86!- form part; of the reversing, switch. mecha-v ,ni'sm beingdescribed.'- The lowerend of the.

stat." arnr"89'.] The-"reference characters a; to

Conductorsa" tof'e'. inclusive connect-the contacts a e; inclusivewith the contacts 9 to is inclusive; respect vely;

QWhen-the rheostat 189' is'i'n the position in-I Fig 8 Iha've. illustrated means for accomplishing this .rea sult. In this figure the reference. character 81 and carrying ayp'air-of contacts 82 and'83,

- dicated Fig. 8,the field of the regulating dynamOE'tS is opened, and the power'dynamo is. oerating' at ubstantially {its lovw'ast' the" rheostatjarm- 89. to' i s By moving trical connection with the stationary 1 ing through the plishing the illustrative,

. In Figs. 9 and '10 .sliuntgwound dynamo ,"trolling said dynamo with two; laterally-ex?v tending-cams 87-and 8,7', which are adapted to be actuated by: the; roller on the then motor or a generator,

moto to operate the'roller 88, by co-acting'with the first "causes the lever {80 t tilt in i a direction to'cause the movable contact-82 tact 85 and movable'contact'83, to make con-v nections with Further movement of the rheostat arm 89 I cuts'resistanceo'ut of the circuit of the field 28, thereby increasing the. voltage of the regulating dynamo 18 and 'thus increasing the speed of the motor- 15. If the rheostat arm 89 is moved from the position indicated toward thejleft, it first co-actswith the .cam 87 to the lever 80in such a r'na'nneras to bring the movable contact'82 into' eleccontact 85 and'themovable contact83 into elec trical connection with the stationary condynamo is shown connected in series with the armature of the regulating dynamo, and the shunt field winding 260i the power dyproduces exactly.

tact .86, and upon further movement of the rheostat arm 89t0wardthe left, current will flow throughthe field winding 28 in a direction opposite. to when the rheostat arm 89 is .in-contact with theright hand contacts of the rhostat. When the rheostat arm is in contact-with the-contact e ,'all of the resistance elements that in which it flowsto -n inclusive are in series with the fie? winding 28,-but as the arm 89.is' moved toward the left,- these resistance elements-are progressively cut out and-the current flowpro caused to winding 26' and continued movement of. the

field winding 28. is thus ressively increased. Upon the reversal\ of t efield 28 the dynamo 18'is generate a potential, which assists theline voltage to pass current through the' field rheostatfarnftoward the left causes this cur- 1 rent to increase and the 'speedof) the motor 15 correspondingly to decrease. It will, of course, be understood that the means which'I have illustrated for accommay be. used for producing the same result.

. The result produced by this means is sub fby flexible con:

results just disc issedare merely. and any other suitable means stantially' the same as that produced by -the-- field winding 50 of Fig. I

'have illustrated a to function either as a as a motor, being similar to the Echaracteristicsot-a series inotor, thisfapparatu's being freefrom any of the objectionstothemeans' heretofore employed for-causing a---seriesparatus isthe same (as fiIedJuneiQD; '1918, of,.wJhich my present ap .Jwhich is more or less conventionally illusand' means for con- N 'theoperating charac iteristics of said dynamo, when functioning.

m asagenerator for either; dynamic-or regenerativebraking. .This ap} 'that5illustrated in my copending} applicationserial No. 240,937., 1,261;

'plication constitutes".acontinuation inpar't.

Beferring' to these figures the reference character 15 indicates as a whole a dynamo -,trated, said dynamo comprising an arma.

ture shaft 16, to one end of which is secured a driving pinion 17 and to the other end of which is secured a friction disk 93. Mounted upon a support 94 secured to the dynamo frame or to any other suitable support is a small shunt wound regulating dynamo 18 having an armature shaft 96. A friction wheel97 is splined to the shaft 96 and positioned so that its periphery contacts with the face of the friction disk 93. .The friction disk 93 and the movable friction wheel 97 forma well known type of variable speed gear by means .of which the speed of the shaft 96 is increased as wheel 97 is moved outwardly from the center of the disk 93 and decreased when the friction wheel 97 is moved in the opposite dlrection. As means for moving the frictlon wheel relative .to the friction disk I have illustrated a rod 98 slidably mounted insuitable bearings 99 and 99, one end of I said rod being provided with a yoke 1.00 re;

ceived in an annular groove 101 inthe hub of the wheel 97. It link 102 has itslower end secured to the upper end of the rod 98 and the upper end of the rod'102 is-pivotallyconnected with one end of alever 103. ,The lever 103 is pivoted to any suitable support "at the point 104 and may be provided with a suitable handle. 105.

From the above description it will be appgrent that the speed of the dynamo 15 may varied by'imperceptible gradations from zei-o"to its highest speed, and vice versa by merely moving the handle 105 up and down. V v I Bythus changing the speed of the dy-,

namo 15 its counter-electromotive force will be correspondingly by very small increments.

Referring now to Fig. 10, in which I have. illustrated the. electrical connections of my apparatus, the reference character 15 indicates the dynamo which, as shown, is connected directly across the: mains 22 and 23, a switch '24 being interposed in the cirpuit of increased and decreased the dynamo,.whereby it may be connected and disconnected from the line;

'. erence character 26 indicates the shunt field The ref-- of the dynamo 15,- which is connected in series with the armature of the dynamo -18,- the'shunt field 26 and the armature of the dynamo 15 being connected directly across;

theline. 'The" reference character 28 in dicates the shunt field of the dynamo 18'. "For thepurpo'se of explaining the opera-f tion of my apparatus. it will 'be assumed that the dynamo 15' is to be used for drivte'risticssimilar to those of a series ing a motor vehicle such as an automobile, a street car, oran elevator. It is very de-' sirable that the motor'used for driving ap-' paratus of. this kind should havecharacmotor on account of the exceedingly high starting the friction torque developed by a motor of this kind,

and on account of its rapid'acceleration.

The dynamo 18 is so connectedwith the namo 15 is stationary the Lflow of current,

be driven atits highest sp'eedi th eret-hrough will be at a maximum and' since the speed ofthe dynamo 18 at the moment'of starting is zero, itwill ofl'er no opposition to the passage .ofcurrent through: the shunt winding 26, and conse quently functioning-as a motor, will be saturated. The result is that the-dynamo 15 functioning as amotorwillproduce a very large the fields ofthe dynamo 15'now v starting torque= which will be comparable to that of a series motor of'the same power. -As

15 increases the speed of the armature of impressed upon the . shunt field 26, 7 thereby cause the shunt field to be gradually weakened;- The weakening of the shunt the 'speed of the armature of the dynamo the dynamo 18 will likewise increase,. andi the increasing counter-electromotive' force [of this dynamo willloppos'ethe voltage and fieldresults in the acceleration of the arma, ture of the dynamo 15 just as in a series 'motor.' The counter elcctromotiv e forceof the dynamo 15 and the line voltage must hear such a relation to each other that at the desired highest speed of the dynamo 15 "the differences between these two voltages will cause the proper amount of currentto flow through the shunt 'field to cause the armature of the dynamo 15 to rotate at the a desired speed.

When it is desired to stop ordecrease the 4 speed-of a vehicle equipped with my appa ratus the handle is operated to'move the wheel 97 toward the center of the disk 93.

This will cause areduction in the speed of I the armature of the dynamo 18 and a'cor'responding reduction in'the counter-electr c through the field 26 will becorrespondingly cease functioning as-a: motor and start to.

motive force of this dynamo. Thecurrent .120 6 increased, thereby strengthening the field of I the dynamo 15 to such anjextent-that it will function asa. generatou'themomentum, of

the vehicle supplying the power for. driving the dynamo as agenelf tmfr As the power delivered to the line ,byvthegenerator must be furnished b the momentum of, the vehicle,'-the speed. of the vehicle'.and;conse 'quen lv o U a mature of the dynamo 15 v 1 Due to the fact that the 1 thejfull'voltage of the: line is imposed upon the shunt field 26, the speed of the dynamo and consequently of the vehicle, can'be reduced tb that speed at which the dynamo,

.' "with its'fild fully excited, generates a volt- 15 age equal to' that of the line. To bring the vehicle to a complete stop brake mechanism of some sort must be' employed.

lhe speed of the armature of the dynamo '18 may be gradually changed from zero to j 20. its highest speed or'vice versa, whereby a corresponding change in the'counter-electromotive force of the dynamo 18 willbe pro: duced. Thischange in the counter-electro motive 'force of the dynamo 18 will produce v,rent flowing through the shunt field 26 of the dynamo 15 and thereby gradually change the speed of the dynamo. The dynamo when functioning as a motor will 30 therefore have an infinite number of speeds a corresponding gradual change in the cur- I and a change in s eed may-be accomplished without causing t e vehicle to be driven in :ajerking manner, as where the speed of the motor is controlled by the use of resistances or'by connecting the -motors, if there are a plurality of motors connected in diiferent relations, such 'as' in'a series parallel control of street car motors. 1

;of the dynamo :field', in services where a wide 'speedirange is desired, it will be advantageous to'provide the dynamo with interpoles excited by coils in series with the armature in the usual manner. ThlSWlll entire speed 'control is obta'ined by reg'ulating the. strength prevent sparkingat the commutator, due to 1 armature distortion of a weak field.

,In Fig. 11 I have illustrated apparatus which is substantially. a'combination of the an apparatus illustrated in Eig. 5, ,with that dynan' o 15Iis provided with a series'field winding/10, acommutating field winding 41, anda shunt field winding '26. The shunt in series with ,the"regulati ng dynamo 18 and the field winding circuit thus formed is -connected across the linewires '22 and 23. The regu- "lating-dy namo'18 is provided with a field Winding 28, shunted about the field winding 26 of the power dynamo, and with asecond f reversingifield winding; 50, likewise shunted aroundt e power dynamo fieldwinding26'.

. 1 A rheostat 120 maybe connected in series with the reversing winding to regulate 'Yillustrated-in Figs. 9 and 10. The power' the efl'ect of this winding if so desired.- The power dynamo and the regulating dynamo are shown equipped with a friction disk '93 and a friction wheel 97, respectively, by means of which the speed ratio between the two dynamos can varied, the apparatus by means of which'the friction wheel 97 is shifted along the shaft 96 of the regulating dynamo being omitted for the same ofclearness. I

The apparatus just described provides two possible means by which the operating characteristics of the power dynamo-15 can be materially affected or varied. These means are, first, the variable speed connection between the power dynamo and the regulating dynamo, and second, the adjustable rheostat 31 in the main field wit (.ing of the regulating dynamo. By'lvarying either one of these instrumentalities separately the power dynamo can be given certain characteristics,- and by varying bothof these instrumentalities the" power dynamo can be given still other characteristics. I i

In 12' I have shown curves illustrating characteristic performances of the'apparatus illustrated in Fig. 11. The curves- A, B, and C shown in this figure correspondto the curves A, B, C of 3, except that the spacing of these curves, dueto inherent dropin speed with increase in load, is effected by the series field 40, which contains "a comparatively few turns It will,- of

course, be understood that the number: of

turns in the series field .40 can be varied to" give any desired inherent drop in speed with increased load.

It will, of course,'be understood that the maximum rate of regeneration may be controlled by varying the number of turns 'in the series field 40,and that the speed'range .of the motor is reduced by increasing thenumber of turns in this field. It is therefore desirable that the number of turns in the series field 40 be restricted as much as .possi'blein order to give the motora wide speed;range."

The power dynamo and the regulating dynamo,-of which thecurves shown in Fig. 12 are characteristic curves, have substantially the same maximum speed, namely 1800 BL P. The curves d, 61 show the voltages generated by the regulating dynamo at various speeds, the curve (l corresponding to one setting of the rheostat, and the curve 6 corresponding to another setting of the rheo stat, which gives .top speed at one-third of the rated load of the motor. The curves d" and e are obtained with a one to one speed ratio between" the power dynamo and the regulating dynamo. The curve fshows the generated volts of the regulating dynamo 'wlth a rheostat setting corresponding to the.

setting required to give curve 61, but with a Speed ratio of two to one between the regi- -'is 2000 R.

latin dynamo, and the power dynamo; that I is, w en the'regulating dynamo is operating at twice the speed of the power dynamo.

With a speed ratio between the dynamo and motor of one to one, and the rheostat set for line 11, the speed at no load is 880 R. P..M. and at full load 560 R. P. M., or

i theregulationis 57 per cent.

' --'-load is the motor slows down due more at high speed than 1 '15 shown by line e, the .2200, and attfull load 620, andthe This shows that regulation is .255 per cent.

to load relatively the vsameas a series motor, If now, with fa" rheo'stat'setting corresponding to line 11-.

It will be noted that .thecurves ez'and f changing the rheostat setting, the

dynamo is changed to tw'ozto one, the'spe of the'motor'will follow alongwith changes in load. The line generated at twice that speed. With this setting of the and at ::full' load is 1200 R. P. M.,-'-and :f' f .terSeQt at approximately'1800 R. P. This means .that'in actual operation either set-- i 'B changing-the setting o fthe rheostat to that speed at no' at low speed, just rheostat,.the.speed at no load the regulation is 66 percent;

switch which can be used by plotting.

motor.

' speed ofthe motor motor and a rheos tat, there by the series field 40. With the setting 6' the torque increases with the square of the current throughout the speed range of the This is considerablymore than can be accomplished with In order to give the power a series motor.

overcome the effect of .ing' 10, and for this means I provide a for short cirdynamo 15 the char- 1 acteristic of a shunt-motor, it is necessary to the series field Wllld cuiting the seriesfield winding 40, and thus 4 neutralizing itsefl'ect. The only drop in speed withiincrease in load which can then occur. must be due to the armature drop, and sincethe armature resistance is .very low,

the efl'ect of the armature drop upon the' will be practically nil. The use of the regulating dynamo to give the power dynamo,"

presents certain advantages over the use of an ordinary shunt motor ,in combination with a "rheos'tat b means of which its speed can be varied. iththe ordinary shunt is a constantloss' when functioning as a vmotor, the character stics of a shunt motor,

in the rheostat, this loss being comparatively 1 small-at high speed but quite considerable at low speeds, depending upon the .size of' ting e or f will drive this particular I. dynamo ajt ful1 --speed,-cnan1ely 1800 and 33 percent. of rated load. n goinglfrom this load to full load with setting'f't echange in speed is 600 R. P. M. or. 50'percent. fof its speed at 'fullload.

M: or 190 per cent. of its speed atfull load."

setting' .givcsa 'lar to t 1 series motor. 45.

"creased from one-third toflfull load, the

I the armature Fromthe. above it; will be seenthat the motor characteristic s'imi' at of: a compound motor. Setting 6" gives a characteristic similar to that of a With the, setting 'ewhen the Idea ism- -slpeed drop Ito one-third 'its' value at 'onei'rdof fn l'load. At the same time the proximately" 38' volts to approximatel 4 volts, or 3% times its value at load. f resistance is comparatively low, the ohmic drop due to'a'rmature resistance may be neglected, and e cially v if the motor .is an interpole motonfiliison that the interpoles will more than compensate for the armature drop. The drop in speed to one-thirdgits maximum full load s eed must necessarily mean that the flux in t efie'ld'is three; times its value at one-third full load. The increase in voltageoverthe shunt fieldf alone would not produce this in-- magnetic saturatiom.

crease in flux due to vol-tage over the s'hunt'fieldinc'reases from] the rea the only'losses "due ,to the usual Whilev I have certain-embodiments oftmy invention,.I am

the-change .in speedis 1180 R. "aware that there are many other modificathe the regulating dynamo really motor to .help

shuntfield current. With my apparatus functions as a carry the load of the power dynamo when occasioned by itsuse being internal losses in a motor. -,illustr-a ted and described embodiments illustrated and described; "and all of which' functioning as a motor, andv while I-have described my invention as applied to the driv ng of motor vehicles and other similar apparatus, I am aware that it is applicable to many phases of the electriand maybe adapted to many and varied'p'urposes. invention is not,

therefore, .to be limited 'tothe particular embodiments illustrated and described, nor to be limited in its application .to the fields specifically referred to in'the foregoingdescrlpt onof its construction and operation.-

Y eration I have In describing my apparatus i and its opmade use of certain curvesiIIustratihg certain ofits operating characparatus, and

produce this increase in flux are teristics of a certaln dynamo and certain auxiliary control apit must' be clearly understood that by'changing thecharacteristics of these various elements the operating characteristics-ofthe entire apparatus'raii be These curves merely illustrate the -operatingcharacter1stics of a. combination power dynamo and regulating varied between wide limits. It is therefore I to be clearly understood that my invention 7 is not limited in any way except by, the

Scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what. I claim is: v

, 1. The combination with a motor comprising a series field winding and a shunt'field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt field winding to oppose the potential impressed on said shunt field winding, a field winding for said regulatingdynamo connected in shunt to said motor shunt field winding, an adjustable rheostat connected in, series with said regulating dynamo field winding, a second field winding for said regulating dynamo, opposing said first-named regulating dynamo field winding, the said second field winding being connected in shunt to said motor shunt field winding, means for causin saidmotor and dynamo to rotate at spee shearing a constant ratio to each other, and means for varying sald ratlo.

pressed on said shunt-field winding, 'a

. 2. The combination with a. motor having, a shunt field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt field winding tooppose the potential 'fiimeld winding for. said regulating dynamo con nected in shunt to said motor shunt field winding, an adjustable, rheostatconnected:

in series with said-regulating dynamov field winding, a second field Winding-for said regulating. dynamo opposing named regulating dynamo field winding, the said secondfield windin bein connected in. shunt to said motor. sfiunt means for causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at Speeds-bearing a constant ratio"- winding, 1n series with 'so'winding, a second field winding. forsaid' ratio.

' to each other, and means forcvaryingthe a shunt *field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series'with said shunt". field winding'to oppose the potential" impressedon' said shunt field winding, a field windin' for said regulating dynamo, con-- nected' 1n shunt'to said motor shunt} field.

adjustable rheostat, connectedsaid regulating dynamo field regulating dynamo, opposin 5 said ,*first-- named regulating dynamo eld winding, means for causing said'motor and dynamo "to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other,jand meansfor jvajryingxh field winding,

to' oppose; the potential ""imj f d 'o'iig said shunt field Winding, a ifi'eldf I winding. for said regulating dynamo,means-. for supplying exciting eurrent msaiai regu= latmg dynamo field wmdmg atja me co r r eld winding;

af field-winding,- of a regulating dynamo with said field :winding 7 to form a field winding circuit, means-for impressing a constant voltage on said field v I a li ajving'.v ("1a shunt field winding, 'or' 1a--regul:at'tin'g dynamdco ected in series with said shunt stantly proportional to the flow of currentin said shunt field winding, an adjustable rheostat connectedin series 'withsaid regufield Winding to oppose the "potential impressed on said shunt fieldjwinding, a field winding for said regulating dynamo, means for supplying current to said regulatingdynamo field -winding at shunt field-winding, meansv for causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other, and means for Varying said ratio.

6. The-combination w1th a motor hav .connected inseries with said field winding to form afield winding circuit, means for lating dynamo .at speeds bearing, a constant-ratio to .each other, and means for yarying saidv ratio.

7. The combination withla motor having connected in series .winding circuit to oppose the counter-electromotlve' force of said regulating dynamo,

said regulating dynamo having a; constant fatio to -thev speed of; said mo- 'mean iii-said regulating dynamo magnetic field ubsequently decreasing said flux and for; s

to cause tmue to. increase,

I as. The combination wit a mdtdrhatiag a shunt field winding, of a regulatingdyif 4 a 120 field winding. to oppose the potential int namo' connected inseries 1 with said shunt in saidshunt field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt 1 a rate" constantly proportional to the flow of current in ,Said 8 0 an adjustable field winding, -means for causing said motor and dynamo'to rotate a magnetic field circuit, means for causing-said 'regulating dynamo gto operate-at'a speed'bearmg circuit to'increase-thespeed of said motor, 7

115: he speed otsa'idfmotor t0 am v a field winding, of a regulating dynamov for said regu ating v for varying the rate at which said flux increases and decreases with respect to the speed of said motor.

9 The combination ing a field winding, of means for impressing a voltage on said field winding, a regulating dynamo connected in series with said field winding. and opposing the voltage impressed thereon, said regulating dynamo having a magneticfield circuit, means for creating a magneto-motive force for creating a magnetic flux in said magnetic field adjustable rheostat circuit, other means for varying saidmagneto-motive force, regulating dynamo to operate-at a speed bearing a constant ratio to the speed of said first-named dynamo, and means for varying said ratio.

10. The combination with a motor having a commutating field winding and a shunt field Winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt field winding to oppose the potential impressed on said shunt field winding, a field winding for said regulating dynamo connected in shunt to said motor shunt field winding, an connected in series with said regulating dynamo field winding, means for causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other, and means for causing said motor to slow down under load, comprising a field winding forming a part of said armature circuit.

11. The combination with a motor having a shunt field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt fieldwinding to oppose the potential impressed on said shunt field winding, a field winding for said regulating dynamo connected in shunt to said motor shunt field winding, an adjustable rheostat connected winding, means for causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other, and means for causing said motor to slow down under load.

12. The combination with a motor having a field winding, of a regulatingdynamo connected in series with said field winding to form a field winding circuit, means for impressing a substantially constant potential on said fieldwinding circuit, a field winding for said regulating dynamo, means for supplying current to said regulating dynamo field Winding, proportional to the rate of flow of current through said motor field Winding, an adjustable rheostat connected in series with said regulating dynamo field winding, means for causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratioto each' other, and means forming a part of said with a dynamo havmeans for causing said .means for causing to each other, and r to increase in load for causing said motor to with said regulating dynamo field.

for impressing a at a rate constantly load for increasing motor and responsive to increase in load, for reducing the speed of said motor.

13. The combination with a motor having a magnetic field circuit and a field winding for said magnetic field circuit, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said field winding to form a field cuit, means for impressing a potential on said field winding circuit in opposition to the counter-electromotive force of said regulating dynamo, a field winding for said regulating dynamo,'imeans for supplying current to said regulating I dynamo field winding ata rate constantly proportional to the rate of fiow of current in said motor field winding, an adjustable rheostat connected in series with said regulating dynamo field winding, means for causing said motor and dynamo ing a constant ratio to each other, and other means responsive to increase in load, for increasing the flux in said magnetic field-circuit.

14. The combination with a motor having a magnetic field circuit, and a field winding for said magnetic field circuit, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said field winding to form a field Winding circuit, means for impressing a voltage on said field winding circuit in opposition to the counter-electromotive force of said regulating d namo, a field winding for said regulating ynamo, means for supplying current to said field .winding at a rate constantly proportional to the rate of flow of current in said motor field winding, an adjustable rheostat connected in series with said regulating dynamo field winding, said motor and dynamo bearing a constant ratio other means responsive winding cirto rotate at speeds slow down. 1

15'. The combination with a motor having a magnetic field circuit and. a field winding for inducing a flux in said magnetic field circuit, of connected in series with said field Winding to form afield winding circuit, means potential on said field winding circuit, a field winding for said regulating dynamo, means for supplying current to said regulating dynamo field windin at a rate constantly proportional to the ow of current in said motor field winding, means for causing said motor and dynamoto rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to'each other, and other means forming a part of said motor and responsive to increase in the flux in said magnetic field circuit for reducing the speed of said motor.

16. The combination with a motor hava regulating dynamo substantially constant to rotate at speedsbear- "regulating dynamo fie ing 'namo connected in series with saidwinding to form a field winding, of a regulating dyfie d a' field winding circuit, means for im ressing a substantially con stant potentia 'on-said'field winding circuit, a field winding for said regulating dynamo distinct from said armature cir cuit, means for supplying current to said d winding at a rate constantly proportional to the rate of flow of current through said motor field wind ing, means for" adjusting the ratio of the current flowing in said field -windings, means-for causingsaidmotor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other, andimeans responsive to ma speed of crease in load, for reducing the said motor. r v 17 The combination with a motor having a field winding, of a regulating dynamo connectedinseries with said field winding,

' v to form a field winding circuit, means for ing dynamo, "regulating dynamo,

" namo winding being connected in shunt to said motor shunt causing said motor and dynamo to rotate at speeds bearing a constant ratio to each other.

'nected in series with 18. The combination with a motor having a field winding, of a regulating dynamo coni said field-winding, to form a field winding circuit, means pressing a constant potential upon said winding circuit n opposition to the coun .ter-electromotive force of said regulating dynamo,.a magnetic circuit for said regulatcausing said motor speeds bearing a constant ratio'toeac'h other.

"winding being ing dynamo, a ing dynamo for-creating netic circuit, and means flux through said ux in said magrising a second first-named regulating d motor shunt eld winding, and irne'an's 7 for and dynamoto rotate at 19. The combination with ta. motor having a field winding, of .a regulating'ldy'namo con-' nected in series with fiel winding, to

V winding circuit ld winding, and means for for imfcounter-elec'tromotive force ing flux in said field windin for saidregulats for reversing themagnetic circuit when said motor is operating'at substantially its lowest running speed, com field winding for said reguating dynamo, opposing said 'namo ing the field winding the said second fie d1:

connected inshunt to said "said dynamo to form a field windingcircuit, means for imdynamo for creating flux in said magnetic circuit, means for reversing the flux through said magnetic circuit whenjsaid motor is operating at substantially itslowest running speed, comprising a second field windings for said regulating dynamo, opposin said firstnamed regulating dynamo field winding, and'means for causing motor and namo to rotate at speedsxbearing aconstant' ratio to each other. j 1

20. The combination with a motor having a field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said fieldwinding, to form a field windingcircuit, means for impressing a constant potential upon said field in-opp'osition to the counter-electromotive force of said regulating dynamo, a magnetic circuit for said regulatin' dynamo, a field windin forsaid regulating dynamo forcreating ux in said magthrough said magnetic circuit motor is operating at substantially its lowest running speed, comprising a second field winding for said regulating dynamo, opposing said first-named regulating dynamo field winding, means. for supplying current to said second field Winding stantly proportional to therate of current in said means for causing to rotate at speeds to-each other. v I 21. The combination with a motor having a field winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said field winding to form a field winding circuit, meansfor impressin a constant I potential upon said fieldwin ingcircuit in opposition to the of said regulating dynamo, a magnetic circuit; for's'aid regulating dynamo,.a field winding for creatsaid motor and dynamo bearing a constant ratio supplying current to said regulating dynamo field winding at a rate constantly proportional' to h'e. flow of current in. said motor field winding, and means for revers- 22. The-combination with a motor having afield winding, of a regulating dynamo connected in series with said fiel winding, to form a fieldwinding circuit, means for impressingapotential upon said field winding circuit in oppositionv to the counternam'o, meansfor reducing the opposition of said last named means, to zero to cause said motor to operate at avlow speed, and for subsequently increasing the magnetic circuit, means for f motor field winding, and

flux through saidmagnetic circuit.

eletstromOtive-force of said regulating dypotential across said motor field winding to cause it'to operate at a still lower running speed, and means for maintaining the speed of said regulating dynamo constantly proportional of said motor.

to thespeed With a motor having 23. The combination an armature circuitanda field winding cirfield winding circuit namo for starting said cuit, comprising a regulating dynamo, of a potential on said in the same direcsaid regulating dymotor, means for reversing the voltage of said dynamo for accelerating said motor, and means for driving said regulating dynamo 'at a speed constantly proportional to motor. 2&1. The combination with a motor havfield winding circuit tion as the voltage of ing an armature circuit and a field Winding circuit, comprising a, regulating dynamo, of means for impressing in the same direction as the voltage of said regulating dynamo,

' stantly proportional to the flow of -winding circuit, and a drivin afield Winding for said'regulatin dynamo, means for sup lying current to said regulating dynamo el'd winding at a rate con:

current in said field winding/circuit and means for p reversing the voltage of said dynamo. 80

. functioning either as a motor or a 25.- The combination with a dynamo for generator, and having a shunt field winding, lating dynamo, having its armature connected in series with said shunt field winding to form a field winding circuit, said field Windin circuit being connected across the terminai of said first-named dynamo 'and'the regulating dynamo being so :connected with the shunt winding as to oppose the voltage-impressed on said terminals, a field winding for said regulatin dynamo connected in shunt. to a portion o s connection between said dynamo and sai regulating at any desired speed relative to the speed r of said first-nameddynamo.

. ing to form a field nals, afield winding 00 d nected in series with, said: shunt field wind-" winding circuit, said' field Winding circuit being connected across the terminals of said first-named dynamo opposethe voltage impressed on said termifor said regulating ynamo connected in shunt to a portion of said field winding circuit, and means for driving said regulating dynamo at various speeds relative to the named dynamo, the said last-named means embodying means for maintaining a conf functioning either as a and having a field winding, of means for at speeds bearing thespeed of said ing its armature connected wit a potential on said relative of a reguynamo, for driving said regulating dynamo namo connected-in series with said speed of said first stantproportionality between the-speeds of the two dynamos at whatever speed they are driven. f

27. The combination with a dynamo for motor or a generator,

impressing a varying voltage upon said winding, comprising a second dynamo connected in series with said field winding, and means for driving said second dynamo a constant ratio to the speed of said-first-named dynamo, and means for varying said ratio.

28. The combination with. functioning either as a motor or a generator, and having a field winding energized by a source of current, of a second (1 namo hav said field winding and 'said source of currentto regulatethe flow ofjcurrent through said field winding, means for causingsaid second dynamo to operate at f speeds earinga con stant ratio to the speed-of said first named dynamo, and manually controlled means for varying the speed of said s'econdjdynaino to the speed of said first-named dynamo electric machine. 29. The combination with a a shunt field winding, of, a regulating dynamo connected in series with said shunt field winding, so as to oppose voltage imposed on said shunt field winding, means for driving said regulating dynamo at a plurality of difeach-speed having a constant ally controlled means forcontrolling said last-named means.

3.0. The combination with a motor having a shunt field winding, of a re lating d namo connected in series with said shunt fie d winding,'so as tooppose voltage imposed on said shunt field winding, means for driving said regulating dynamo at a plurality of different speeds, each speed having a constant ratio to the means for varying said ratio.

31. The combination with a motor having a shunt field winding, of a re lating dywmding, so as to oppose voltage imposed on said shunt field winding, and means for driving said regulating dynamo at a ofdifferent speeds, relative to the said motor, each speed having a ratio to the speed of said motor.

he combination with a power dynamo a shunt field winding, of a regulatspeed of constant having V the shunt field winding of said power dynamo, so that thevoltage generated by said armature'opposes' the voltage impressedon the shunt field of said power dynamo, the field winding of said regulatin dynamo being connected in parallel .with the shunt fieldwinding of said power dynamo,

a dynamo for motor having speed of said motor, and

plurality shunt field

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