USRE14417E - Elying-machihe - Google Patents

Description

F. WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. \3. 1917.

7 SHBETSSHEET 1- Reissued J an. 1, 1918.

INVENTOH F. WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 13,}917- Reissued J an. 1, 1918.

' INVENTUH F. WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-13. l9l7.

Reissued Jim. 1, 1918. I 14,417.

7 SHEETS*SHEET 3.

INVENTUR F. WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT I3. I917.

Reissued Jan. 1, 1918.

'INVENTUR 1 Reissued Jan.1,1918.

WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT l3| 1917- 7 S HEETSSHBET 5.

YINVENTOR F. W O'N' DRA. FLYING MACHINE! APPLICATION FILED SEPT- l3, 1917 Reissued Jan. 1, 1918'.

INVENTUR F. WONDRA.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-I3, 1917.

Reissued J an. 1, 1918.

INVENTQR g UNITED STATES,

FRANZ WONDBA, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Original No. 876,125, dated January 7, 1908, Serial reissue filed September 13 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANZ'WONDRA, a'

.citizen of the United States, residing in Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New (York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines with a plurality of supporting surfaces arranged one behind the other and in stepped relation, extending upward toward the rear and has for its ob]ect to obtain large lifting effect from the supporting surfaces and mechanism driven o maintain the machine stable while in the air.

The invention consists of the arrangement of' screw propellers one above the other in the ,rear of the flying machine, the equipment of the middle supporting surfaces for of the parts of the same, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the flying machine showingF one-half of the supporting surfaces, ig. 3 is a rear view of the flying machine showing the gradient arrangements of the supporting surfaces, the middle surfaces being shown in their highest position when oscillating and the dotted lines show the same surfaces in their lowermost oscillating position. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respective y a rear view, aside view and a plan view of the mechanism for closing thehingedpanels of the oscillating surfaces. vertical transverse section showing the mechanism for actuating the oscillating surfaces, Fig. 8 is a detail s1de view of the sprocket wheel and chain transmission for actuating said oscillating surfaces. Figs. 9, 10. and 11 are details of the s rocket wheel and chain transmission of .t e oscillating surfaces. Fig. 12 is a rear view of the steering rud der, Fig. 13 is a side view of the lower part of the flying machine drawn on a larger scale than Fig. 1,;so as to illustrate the steering mechanism. Fig. 14 is a plan view of .Fig. 13 showing the rudder and propellers turned sidewise for steering in' horizontal only Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. .Reissued Jan. 1, 1918.

No. 227,979. filed October 11, 1904. Application for 1917. Serial No. 191,323.

' plane, Fig. 15 is a detail plan view of the auxiliary steering levers, Fig. 16 is a. sectlonal s1de v1ew drawn on a larger scale,

showing the motion transmitting mechanism, Fig. 17 is a vertical transverse section on line 17. 17 of Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing the means for turnin thesupporting frame of the propellers or steer-.

ing purposes, Fig. 19 is a vertical section on line 1 919 of Fig. 18 Fig. 20 is a detail section showing the connection between the rims of'the propellers and Figs. 21, 22 and 23 are detail views of one of the panels of the oscillating surfaces.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views. The flying machine is constructed in general outlines of a framework F, which is made of light steel tubing, a platform N, supported at the lower part of the framework and which icarries the motor E,- the operator seat L, the oscillating mechanism 1, the mechanism J for steerin in the horizontal plane, the mechanism Ix for steering in the vertical plane.

Below the platform N isthe vehicle frame F connected by suitable upright steel tubing with the platform. Between the platform and the vehicle frame are located the horizontal guide-ways for the sliding gondola M in which some kind of ballast is carried.

At the upper front part of the framework F is located .the stationary front supporting surface Aand at the upperrear part of the framework is the stationary rear supporting surface A, which is located PATENT OFFICE.

higher above the horizontal than the surface A. The surfaces are connected to the framework F by the inclined braces a. a nd by the steel wires (2, with the vehicle frame F Intermediately between the surfaces A and A are pivotally mounted upon the framework the oscillating surfaces B, B which are located higher above the horizontal than the surface A and lower than the surface A. At the lower front end of the framework F is arranged the rudder D, which is capable of turningaround its vertical and horizontal axes.

In the rear end of the frame work F are located the screw propellers C, C arranged vertically one above the other.

I T he machine is also equipped with airtight floats G, G, which are located and suped of seamless steel-tubin and comprises a. middle portion having inc ined side and upright center tubes and inclined forwardly and backwardly extending tubes a support-- ed on the side-tubes. The lower horizontal vehicle-frame F is supported below the platform N and provided with a forwardly extending tapering "frame F in which the steering-rudder'D is supported. The lower frame F is widerat the lower part than at the upper part and rovided with longitudinal guideways 16 or the shifting ondola M The lower frame F is stiifene by inclined tubular braces a which are connected with the steering-rudder frame F 2 at the front of the machine and with the upright 'frame in which the' shafts of the propellers C,C, are supported.

' The stationary su porting surfaces A A are widest in the mi dle and are tapering toward their ends. The front edge of each surface is longer than the rear edge and the transverse dimension and the area of the surface A are greater than on the surface A. The surfaces are slightly curved both in lateral and longitudina direction so' as to be convex attheir upper sides and'concave at their lower sides. The surfaces have a suitable angle of incidence which is gradually decreasing toward the tips of the sur-' faces as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The surfaces are made of frames of'steel-tubing or other suitable material and are covered with silk, linen or other material suitable for covermg.

The oscillating surfaces or wings B, B which are similar in shape and angle of incidence to the surfaces A, A, are formed of steel-tubing frames and are hinged together upon a transverse pivot-rod c which is supported by the upper frame-work F. a On the lower side of the frames are'hinged slats or panels I), while on the upper side 1s. arranged the mechanism H for closing the panels b. D'urin the upward oscillationthe air pres-' sure a ove the surfaces is larger than the air pressure below the surfaces, the panels I; open so as to permit the air to pass freely through and before the uppermost position is reached the mechanism H draws the panels against the frames, so that the downward stroke is carried out with full surfaces. The oscillating motion of the surfaces can be interrupted at any moment during the downward stroke bydisconnecting the actuating mechanism 31, from the powerbe described hereinafter.

equal in their supporting capacity to the surfaces A or A The oscillating surfaces are connected by links d, and connecting rods d to the oscillating mechanism 1. The front edges of'the oscillatin surfaces are longer than the front edges of the surface A.

The propellers G, C are provided with two curved blades, as shown clearly in Figs.

3 and-13, said blades being supported at their inner-ends on the driving-shafts of the propellers and at their outer ends by circular steel-rims 6,6 and steel-springs The blades are spoon-shaped, being widest at their ,outer ends and tapering toward their inner ends. The propeller-shafts are supported in journal-bearings of segments 1,11 of the horizontal steering mechanism.

Rotary motion is imparted from the motor to the shaft of the lower propeller'and transmitted' from the "same to the shaft of the upper propeller. Thelower propeller is provided with a circumferentially-grooved circular steel-rim or frame 6, which engages a tapering rubber-tire 54 applied to the circumference of the steel-rim e of the upper propeller Cf as shown in Fig. 20. The connection between the grooved circumference of the steel-ring 'e of the lower propeller C and the tapering rubber-ring 54L on the upper propeller secures the steady rotation of both propellers in whatever position they are placed. The propellers are located at thetrear endvofthe frame-work Rand serve the twofold purpose of driving the supporting surfaces against the air and for steering in the horizontal plane in connection with the rudder D. Y

The rudder D is made of a tapering frame of steel tubing covered with waterproof linen, silk Orothermaterial and supported at its front and rear-ends in a supportingframe 7'. The frame 7' is connected with the horizontal steering mechanism, which will. A ring-shaped gear-wheel k is connected with the frame of the rudder and permits it to be moved to any suitable angle of inclination to the horizontal plane. The rudder is located at the front of the framework F, below the front surface.

The vehicle frame F is provided with four wheels. The front wheels are adjusted for steering and are connected by an endless chain Z, with the horizontal steering mechanism so that the machine can be steered with the same mechanism whenon land.

. The oscillating mechanism is shown in detail. in Figs. 7 toll. It is supported on parallel vertical steel-tubes 10, which are located at the center of the supporting-mainframe of the machine. Between the steeltubes u are supprirted the short transverse shafts of sprocket-wheels 1), r and '0 which diminish in size from. the lower sprocketwheel '0 to the upper sprocket-wheel '0 cal head which carries The upper parts 'oTthe vertical steel-tubes u, serve for iding the sleeve-shaped crossheads 10. he upper ends of thesteel-tubes u are made converging and supportat their upper ends the transverse pivot-shaft 0 of the wings B. Motion is transmitted to the wings from the main shaft 23, driven by the motor E, by means of a gear-wheel 49, which is placed loosely on; the shaft and the flanged circumference of which is placed in'contact with a clutch member 50 that is shifted on the main shaft 23 b a lever 51 which is fulcrumed to the plat orm N, as shown in Fig.

16. The lower forked end of the lever 51 .e on the shaft of the lowermost pair of sprocket-wheels 'v and between the same, as s own in Fig. 7 The rotation of the wormgear. 2 moves two sprocket-chains w, m, which are driven by the sprocket-wheels 'v and guided by the sprocket-wheels '0 and '0 When the clutch member 50"is uncoupled from the ear-wheel 49 by the lever 51, the wings are eld in the position in which they are at the'moment of uncoupling, by the locking action of the worm-gear 53 onthe wormar 2. This locking action arrests immediately the motion of the transmitting s rocket-chains w, w, and thereby the motion of the win When the worm-gear z is rotated by t e transmitting mechanism described, the sprocket-chains w, w are' set in motion b' the sprocket-wheels 1;, '0, v The sproc et-chainsare constructed in such -'a manner that the pivots m ofthe links of the chains are connected with the outer pair of links, while the tubular ivots a on the pivots w are connected wit the inner pair of links, as shown in Fig. 9. a! is a stiffening sleeve between the inner links and m are washers. atthe ends of the pivots 412 -Two adjacent pivots of each of the. double rocket-chains are connected by a crosspiece 3 said chains by suitable screw-nuts m. The cross-pieces. y are each provided with a coniof antifriction-balls and suitable ball-races, a ring-Shaped sleeve 1, and to these sleeves at corresponding points on the two chains are ivoted the forked lower ends 2, of two tubifiar connecting rods d.. Each forked lower end 2 is made of two parts, the shanks a heads 10 which are guided on the upright pivots being attached to the y means of two sets.

steel-tubes u. The crossheads w are connected by universal joints with the lower ends of the lever-rods d, the upper ends of which are likewise connected by ball-joints with sockets 4 said sockets being supported by suitable braces on the center-ribs of the oscillating wings B, as shown in Fig. 7. t The "mechanism H for closing of the panels C is operated automatically with on the fact that during the upward motion of the wings B, the angle'betw'een them becomes gradually smaller, so that the parts supported on the wing-frames have to give.

. each oscillating motion of the wings. The

closing I HOtiOII'Of' the wing panels is based I and assume a different position. Figs. 4, 5

and 6show the mechanism for closing the panels b. On the center-ribs of the frames of win B are supported nearthe transverse plvot-shaft 0 of the same, converging supporting frames m, m, and near the outer,

ends of the ribs inclined trian lar' frames levers 0, and to the frames 12 movable levers p connected by connecting rods 1, s, with said levers o. The shorter arms of the supporting. frames m are extended beyond the upper cross pieces of the frames and pro-v v1ded with rollers g, as shown clearly in Fig. 7, these rollers fitting into grooves on the bent sides of the levers 0. The levers o and the rollers q are so arranged on the supporting frames m that the lever of one wing is operated by the roller on the frame of the other wing. The levers 0 are guided along the rollers g, which are grooved sufiiciently for this purpose. By the upward motion'of the wing, the shorter arm of the' supporting frame m on one wing presses on the lever 0 of the opposite wing, so that the latter turns through a quarter of a circle.

Thismotion is transmitted by the tubular.

connecting-rods r and s to the levers 39 near the outer ends of the wings. The' hinged panels 6 are connected by-gut-strings t with n, n. To the frames m are app ied movable the tubular connecting rods '1', as shown clearly in Figs. 21, 22, and 23.

Before the oscillating surfaces reach their highestv position, the panels b are moved from the open position, shown in 4, into the closed position, shown in Fig. so that the wings-are ready for the downward motion with all the panels in closed position.

When the wings arrive at their lowermost position and commence the next upward oscillation, the panels are placed in open or pendent position by the counter pressureof the air, so that there is little resistance bythe air to the upward motion of the wings.

There are however no means provided which.

would force the panels to openand when the machineislifted from the groundor water entirely by the lift of its inclined surfaces, the panels remain closed also on the upward stroke 0 a ill Steering of the machine in the horizontal plane is effected by the joint action of the rudder D and propellers C C. The rudder is moved in the direction in which the flying machine is to be steered, either tothe right or left, and j simultaneously therewith the propellers are shifted in opposite direction into such a position that their shafts form an angle with the longitudinal axis of the ma.- chine, corresponding to that of the rudder with said axis. The steering-mechanism is shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15,17, 18 and 19. The frame 7' of the steering rudder D turns on a. vertical pivot at the lower forwardly-extendrod 10 and by the same and bevel-gears 9, 9,

to the shaft of the worm 7, as shown in Fig.

14. At the same time the motion of the steering-wheel 8 is transmitted by a second set of bevel-gears 9 9 adjacent to and below the first set 9, 9, to a tubular rod 11,

19 9 to the shaft of the worm 7". rear-part of the supporting main-frame are which turns in suitable bearings supported on the rear-frame of the machine, and by the rod 11 and a bevel-gear transmission 9 9 to the shaft of the worm/Z and from saidshaft by bevel-wheels 9", 9 at the op osite end, to an upright tubular rod 12, an bevel gears On the located horizontal carrier segments 5 and 5 for the shafts of the propellers. These carrier-segments 5, 5 are rigidly attached to the rear-frame and support at their centers the upright bearings 6 and 6".

On the circumference ings for the shafts of the worms 7 and 7.

. On the stationary carriersegment 5 is supported the worm-segment guided thereon y means of rollers 48., The hub of the worm-se ent z is made fastto the hangershaft 41%;: clamping-screw 45. The wormsegment 15 turns with the upright shaft, 41, which is supported in the hanger-besiringfi by means of screw-nut 42. Antifriction roller-bearings are arranged between the hub of the worm-segment 'i. The hangershaft '41 supports, in arecess,the shaft 43 for hanger-bearing '6, the screw-nut 42 and the the lower propeller. On a collar on the lower end of the shaft 41 is supported bymeans of anti-friction-bearings, a double bevel-gear wheel "44. Motion is transmitted from the main-shaft 23 by a bevel-gear46 to the lower gear of the double-bevel gear '44, while the upper gear of the same transmits motion to a bevel gear 47 keyed to the shaft same is placed forsteering. From the lower a e of the carrier-stag, J ments, 5 and, 5 are located the journal-bear- I 43 of the lower propeller. Bv this trans- I mission, rotary motion is imparted to the lower propeller in whatever position the propeller shaft 43 rotary motion is transmitted to the upper propeller C by a pulley h and belt luto a pulley on'the shaft of the upper propeller. The main-shaft 23 receives rotary motion from the crank-shaft of the motor, which is supported on the platform N, by means of gear-wheels, pulleys and belt, or'other transmission.

Fig. 12 shows a rear-elevatitn of the rudder and its frame. The dotted-lines show the rudder placed in inclined position to a vertical plane passing through the.l0ngitudinal axis of the rudder-frame. The gearwheel is is connected by steel-cables a with the front and rear-ends of the.longitudinal' rudder-frame. The turning of the rudder into laterally-inclined position is! accomplished by a handwheel 13 located Below V the steering-wheel 8, jointed connecting-rods 14 and gears 15, 15 and 15", gear 15 being in mesh with the gear-wheel k as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. The gear-wheel'15is located at the end ofthe lower connecting-rod 14 and supported at the front-end of the main-frame, the gear-wheel 15 on the rudder-supporting frame j and gear-wheel 15" also loosely on the supporting-frame 7'. By this gear-wheel transmission the rudder can be turned sidewise in whatever steering position the same has to.be placed. The worm 7 by which the rudder is moved horizontally in either direction'is connected by the chain and sprocket-wheel transmission 1 with the shaft of a worm 7, which is located near the front-axle of the vehicle, so that the steering-wheel 8 can also transmit horizontal steering'motion to the vehicle when the machine is moved over firm ground.

The steering of the machine in the vertical plane is accomplished by shifting the gondola' M in forward or backward direction on its tubular guide-rails 16. The motion of the gondola is controlled by a hand-wheel 17, which is located adjacent to and above v the steering-wheel 8 and the steering-pillar in which said rods are supported. The tubular rod to which the hand-wheel 17 is applied passes through the tubular rod of the hand-wheel 8, and carries at its lower end a bevel-wheel 18, which'meshes with a similar bevel-wheel 18 on the horizontal shaft v of a worm 19, as shown in Figs. 13 and 16. The worm 19 meshes with a worm-gear 20, which is" located sidewise of the same, but in the same plane with the worm 19, as

shown in Fig. 17. The gear-wheel20 is 1 25 provided with a grooved circumference,

around which the steel-rope 21 is passed. The steel-rope 21 passes over suitable guidepulleys at the front and rear-ends of the lower main-frame and is attached to the ends opposite direction on its ways 16-, according of the gondola M, as shown in Fig. 13, so that the same can be moved in one or the to the direction imparted to it by the steelrope 21.- The gondola M is held-in position on the ways b a horizontal steel-tube'22, having a suitable uide-roller for the gondola and guide-pu leys at its ends for the shifting steel-rope 21. By the shifting of the gondola, together with the weight of the ballast for the occupant of the same, the center of gravity of the flyin machine is moved eitherin forward or bac ward direction, according to the direction imparted to the gondola. By the forward or backward,

motion, the angle of inclination of the aeroplanes and the wings toward the horizontal lane is changed, so that the machine can be moved in upward or downward direction. If the machine flies against the wind, the force of the wind can be utilized for sustentation of the machine by shifting the center of gravity of the machine forward of the center of pressure of the supporting area.

For the purpose of effectin the steering operation quickly and effective y, both steer-.

ing-meclianisms are provided with auxiliary steering-devices, which are actuated from the main-shaft 23. For this purpose the latform N is provided with a U-shaped anger-frame 24, in which the shaft of the worm 19 is supported. To the shaft of the worth 19 is keyed a bevel-gear 25, which meshes with a bevel-gear 26, the upright shaft of which is journaled in the lower part of the U-shaped hanger-frame 24. At the underside of thehanger-frame,'but keyed to the shaft of the bevel-gear 26, is arran ed a friction-disk 27, which is'provided wit a circumferential rubber-rim 28. Below the friction-disk 27 is arranged on the mainshaft 23 a longitudinal sliding-sleeve 30,

which is guided by slots on diametricallyopposite pins and provided at opposite ends with friction-disks 29. Either one of the friction-disks can be placed in'contact with the circumference of the friction-disk 27 by means of a lever 33, which is located on the steering-pillar in which the tubular rods of the hand-wheels 8 and 17 are supported, said lever being pivoted to said pillar below the steering-wheel 8 and connected by a. pivot-rod 32 and elbow-lever 31 with a rooved collar adjacent to the rear frictionisk 29. The elbow-lever is fulcrumed to a suitable support on the main-frame and made forkshaped at its lower end, so as to engage said collar. The auxiliary steeringlever 33 permits the shifting of the sleeve 30 and its friction-disks in either direction, S0 that one friction-disk 29 or the other is placed in contact with the main transmitting-disk 27. The rotary motion imparted to the friction-disk 27 imparts, by means of the bevel-gears 26, 25, worm 19 and wormgear 20, a quick motion to the steel-rope 21 so that the gondola M is moved in forwa direction on its guide-ways by the downward motion of the lever 33, whereb the center of gravity is moved in forward irechem and a greater load is front aero lane A, and the flying machine is moved in ownward direction, or it is moved in backward direction by the upward motion of the lever 33 moving the sleeve 30 to placed on the the rear end of its guide-ways, whereby the center of gravity of the machine is moved in backward direction; so that a greater load is placed on the rear aero lane, whereby the load on the front aerop ane is diminished and thereby the machine placed in a position for ascending motion.

The second auxiliary steering-device is operated by the lever. 39 and connected with a horizontal steering mechanism. In the platform N is su ported a friction-disk 35, which is provide at its circumference with a rubber-rim 28. This friction-disk is placed 1 1 contact with one of the friction-disks 40 at the ends of a second sleeve 30 that is guided on the main-shaft 23 by pins in the same manner as'the sleeve 30. On the upper end of the shaft of the friction-disk 35 is mounted a driver-pulley 36, around which and a pulley 36 on the tubular shaft of the steerin -wheel 8 is passed a steel-rope or belt. y the auxiliary lever 39, connectingrod 38 and elbow-lever 37, which lattercngagesby its forked lower end a ooved collar on the end of the sleeve30, either oneof the friction-disks 40 on said sleeve is placed in contact with thecircumference of the' friction-disk 35, so that by the movement of the lever 39 toward the right or left, the horizontal steering mechanism is moved-toward the right or left, as desired.

The flying machine starts from the ground or preferably from Water b motor E, whereby the prope lers are set in rotation and drive the machine forward. Each of' the supportin surfaces moves against a layer of air Whlcll inertia has not been disturbed by any preceding surface. When the machine acquires certain s eed,

then the oscillating wings are set to oscillate and being mounted at an angle to the horizontal and having the combined rear edges longer than the front edges and because the oscillation takes lace while the machine is driven forward, isplace the air toward-the rear and thereby each oscillation drives the machine forward and the air rearward to- .ward the propellers. The propellers rotate now increased air pressure and drive the machine forward at accelerated speed. By

starting the continued oscillation of the wings the machine is driven against the air faster and faster until the supporting surfaces have acquired sufficient lift to support the machine in the air entirely;

, in the rear of the machine andone above the The oscillation of the wings decreases the starting distance necessary for'tlie machine to take the air.

The'machine once in flight, the oscillation of the wings can be stopped and the wings used as fixed supporting surfaces as shown in Fig. 1.

The gradient position-of the supporting surfaces, extending upward toward the rear makes itpossible that each surface is driven against an undisturbed layerof air.

To maintain and restore the gradient position of the supporting surfaces while in flight, the center of gravity of the machine is shifted by shifting the ballast-carrying gondola forward or backward as required'to correspond with the speed of the machine.

Also the arrangement of the propellers structure, stationary supporting surfaces carried by said frame structure at the front and rear, the rear stationary surface being located higher above the horizontal than the front stationary surface, vertically oscillating surfaces pivoted to said frame structure between said stationary surfaces, means for imparting oscillatory motion to said oscillating surfaces and means for interrupting 'saidoscillatory motion, in combination withmeans for propelling the surfaces against the air. i

2. In a flying machine a supporting frame structure -a gradient series of supporting surfaces extendin upward toward the rear,

attached to said rame structure, a ruddermounted at the front of said j frame structure,1neans formoving said rudder about itsv vertical axis, means for moving said rudder about its longitudinal axis, and means for propelling said surfaces against the air.

3. A flying machine com rising a sup orting frame structure, a gra ient series 0 supporting surfaces extendin upward toward the rear attachedto said rame structure, a

rudder mounted at the front of "said frame structure, screw propellers mounted one abovethe other at the rear of saidframe structure, means for simultaneously shifting said propellers and rudder angularly to the longitudinal axis of the flying machine and means for driving saidscrew propellers.

4. Inga flying machine a supporting frame structure, a pair of I vertically oscillating each comprising a plurality of' swinging panels, means for oscillating said surfaces and means operated by each of said surfaces for operating-the panels of the other surface automatically when reaching a "prede-f termined angle.

5. In a flying. machine the combination with a supporting frame structure, of oscillating surfaces pivoted thereto, parallel upright guide rods carried by said frame be low said surfaces, stud shafts connecting said guide rods, sprockets mounted on said stud surfaces pivoted to said frame structure and. I

shafts, chains movable over said sprockets,

crossheads movable on said uprights, rods connecting said chains and said crossheads, and means for connecting the latter with the oscillating surfaces. H

6. In a fiyingmachinea supporting frame structure, a plurality of supporting s'prfaces attached to said frame structure, a power driven operating shaft, means operated manually for steering the machine in the horizontal plane, an auxiliary power driven mechanism for steering the machine in the horizontal plane and a device for coupling said operating shaft-with said auxiliary mechanism in combination with means for driving the machine against the air.

7 In a flying machine a supporting frame structure, a ballast-carrying gondola guided therein, manually operated means for shifting said gondola, a power driven operating shaft, auxiliary mechanism for shifting said gondola and a device for coupling said operating shaft with saidauxiliary mechanism.

8. In a flying machine, a supporting frame, a ballast-carrying gondola guided thereiin'a power driven operating shaft, means forshifting said gondola, and means for coupling said shifting means with said operating shaft.

9. Ina flying machine a supporting frame,

a-ballast carrying gondola guided therein,

meansfor manually shifting said gondola, a friction wheel in operative connection with said shifting means, a power driven operating shaft, a friction sleeve on said shaft ha. v-in terminal disks disposed at either sideo said-friction wheel and movable into contact therewith, and means for shifting said sleeve in either direction.

10. In a flying machine, in combination, with a supporting-frame, aeroplanes carried b said-frame at the front and rear and exten ing to either side thereof, the rear aeroplane being higher than the front aeroplane, vertically oscillating wings pivoted to said frame between said aeroplanes and forming when outspread a third aeroplane similar to the others, and win -operating mechanism.

a 11. In a flying machine, the combination, with a supporting frame, of laterally and longitudinally curved aeroplanes mounted thereon and extending transverse] thereof to either side of the same at the fiont and rear of the machine, said aeroplanes being inclined downwardly toward the rear of the machine and the rear aeroplane being higher than the front aeroplane, wings mounted on said frame between said aeroplanes, and means for oscillating said wings.

12.. In a flying machine, the combination, with a supporting frame, of a shaft extendlng longitudinally thereto and supported thercbv win 's ivoted to said shaft and extending to either side of the machine, upright guiderods below said wings, crossheads guided vertically on said guide-rods, a connecting-rod connecting each cross-head with its corresponding wing,'and means for reciprocating said crossheads.

In a flying machine, the combination,

with a supporting frame, of wings pivoted thereto, parallel upright gulde-rods carried by said frame below said wings, stud-shafts connecting said guide-rods, sprockets mounted on said stud-shafts, chains movable overv said sprockets, 'crossheads movable on said uprights, rods connecting said chains and said crossheads, and means for connecting the latter with the wings.

'14. A flying machine comprising a supporting frame, a pair of wings pivoted thereto and each comprising a plurality of swinging panels, means for oscillating said wings,

and means operated by each of said Wings in its oscillatory movement for operating the panels of the other wing and thereby of said frame, means for angularly movingsaid rudder abouta vertical axis, and means for angularly moving the same about an axis disposedlongitudinally of the machine.

17. A flying machine including in its construction a rudder formed of a forwardly tapering frame mounted to turn on an axis disposed longitudinally of the machine.

18. A flying machine including in its construction a rudder formed of a forwardly tapering frame mounted to turn on an axis disposed longitudinally of the machine, a gear-wheel embracing said frame, a second gear-wheel engaging thefirst, and means for rotating said second gear-wheel.

' 19. A flying machine including in its construction steering propellers mounted one above the ,other, means for simultaneously shifting said propellers to difl'erent angles to the vertical longitudinal planeof the machine, means for transmitting motion from one of said propellers to the otherirrespective of their position, and means for driving one of said propellers while in its different positions.

20. In a flying machine, the combination, with the parallel propeller-shafts, of the propellers mounted thereon, and the circular frames or rims mounted on said propellers and traveling in frictional contact with each other.

21. In a flying machine, the combination, with the frame, of the horizontal guideways arranged longitudinally therein, the ballastcarrying gondola movable in said guideways, the steel rope-transmission for moving said gondola in either direction, and the steering-wheel for actuating said transmission.

22. In a flying machine, the combination, with a steering propeller, of manually-operable means for shifting the same, and auxiliary power operated propeller shifting means.

23. In a flying machine, a steering propeller, means for manually shifting the same angularly with respect to the vertical longitudinal plane of the machine, a power-driven operating shaft, and a device for coupling said operating shaft with said shifting means.

- 24.. In a flying machine, the combination, with a steering propeller, of means to shift the same angularly with respect to the vertical longitudinal plane of the machine, a manually-operable steering pillar in opera.- tive connection with said shifting means, a power-driven operating shaft, a frictionwheel adapted to be driven thereby, and an operative connection between said frictionwheel and said steering pillar.

FRANZ VVON DRA.

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