USRE14037E - Cam-operated horn - Google Patents
Cam-operated horn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE14037E USRE14037E US RE14037 E USRE14037 E US RE14037E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cam
- diaphragm
- piece
- wear
- normal
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000003284 Horns Anatomy 0.000 title description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001138 Tears Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102100017923 ACOT12 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710008266 ACOT12 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102220411908 DOC2B Q44W Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 210000000614 Ribs Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001699 lower leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Definitions
- My present invention concernshorns, sig-v nals, alarms, etc., wherein the sound is produced by a mechanically agitated diaphragm. It includes certain novel features of construction and operation whereby the ⁇ power necessary to produce vibrations of very delicate Work as in the phonograph,
- thev Y diaphragm displacing member so as to apply the power mainly in producing the -bodily vibration of the diaphragm, so that any high frequencyr vibrations are merely secondary or incidental. Being of lower frequency the sound waves generated by this bodily vibration are of inferior quality for exciting the human ear, but they carry better in the air and I have' succeeded in increasing the velocity and amplitude of the bodily movement of the diaphragm so as to put enough more energy into each air wave to far more than compensate for its inferior audibility, while relatively diminishing the high frequency ripple vibrations which arel of disagreeable quality and inferior 'carrying power.
- a displacing means As a displacing means.
- I employ a cam having a thrust or dynamic reaction sufliciently direct to give a large resultantV lenough to permit the required amplitude and velocity of elastic return thereof, and to r'epeat these operations with suticient rapidity A to generate a true body swing note as the principal sound produced, the high frequency noises and ripples being' entirely secondary and for long ydistance signaling practically negligible.
- I believe I am the rst to discover the desirability of doing this, and also that I am the first to design, construct and operate a cam, ⁇ diaphragm -and Contact piece capable of doing it.
- the cam is preferably of low operative pitch on the advancing side, and the corresponding contact surfaces ⁇ on the diaphragm are ⁇ preferably near the plane ofthe diaphragm.
- a specially designed hardened Contact surface is arranged on the diaphragm.
- the rotary cam can be more conveniently arranged for gettingout of the way of the return movement of the diaphragm whenv this contact piece is made in the form of a projection.
- the shape of its surface of contact with the rotary member and the ratio of its altitude to its base should be such that the lines of thrust or dynamic reaction perpendicular to said surface of Contact, will fall within the base of the projection and preferably as near as possible to the center thereof, though these features will vary as explained hereafter.
- the engaging surfaces are shaped for straight line contact.
- the advantage of having the line of thrust or dynamic reaction fall within the base of the projection is that in such case the thrust operates as if applied within the plane of the base at the point Where the line of thrust intersects such plane, whereas when the line of thrust falls outside of the base, there is a positive pull of the diaphragm toward the cam ⁇ on the opposite side of the point of attachment, and by reason of the arrangement of leverages, this pull on one side is added to the normal thrust of the cam on the other side, thereby producing a distinctreverse bend, the crests of which 'are localized at diametrically opposite points of engagement with-the base of the projection.
- the above principles may be embodied in a device wherein the diaphragm is positively displaced out ot' normal on the suine side of normal by each cam projection, so that each bodily displacement of the diaphra gm causes a clearly defined acoustic impulse or wave of great amplitude and carrying power, and these waves or impulses sucpitch determined by the number of cam contacts pei-second.
- the frequency of these, as I will explain later is determined by the time required for sufficiently completing the natural cycle of rearwardswing of the diaphragn'i.
- Application of the power in this way gives a movement of the diaphragm which involves comparatively smooth, regular iiexure of the material and thus causes the least possible breaking stress for a given amplitude of movement.
- My present invention also contemplates a new organization of parts particularly adapted for application to any desired part It also contemplates a considerable number of structural improvements cooperating to constitute a practical device adapted to stand the wear and tear under all conditions of use.
- Figures l and Q are respectively side and'front elevations of a form of the device; Fig. is a section on the line X-X, Fig. 2; Fig. 4 a face view of the case with the horn. and front Wall removed; Fig. 5 a. vertical broken section near the line Y-Y, Fig. 1L; and Figs. 6 and 7 are details of the diaphragm and cam contact piece on the diaphragn'i.
- Figs. 8 and 9 are front and rear views of a driving mechanism for the flexible shaft; Fig. l0 a vertical secltion on the line Z-Z, Fig. 9; Fig. 1l a detail on Fig. lO.
- a amplifier or resonating horn LLS is suitably secured to a casing 4U. Between the horn and casing is a diaphragm 43, which in ad- 'dition to its vibratory function, forms with the casing a resonator amplifying chamber.
- the diaphragm 53 is vibrated by rotary cam 59 formed with regularly spaced cam projections 60, 6l, etc., the sides of eachl projection being similarly and symmetrically formed, s0 that the cam is ⁇ adapted to rotate in either direction.
- the diaphragm is provided with a diaphragm projection,
- the cam surfaces arev formedjvith alternate concave depressions and convex projections with intervenlng surfaces of smoothly graduated rate of change of pitch.
- the projections are symmetrically rounded and thervibrator may be actuated by rotation of the cam in .either direction. vWhere the power is always applied in one direction, however, the cam surface on the rear side of each projection may be entirely cut away without approximates the natural rate of elastic swing of the diaphragm.
- This device includes a brass or other casing 40, drilled to receive screws 41, 42, 43, which hold the front Q44A to the back 40- by nuts'15, -i6, 47.
- the horn 48 is attached to the front-44 and is supported thereby.
- the entire devicei is supported by a bracket 49 attachedto the dashboard or other support by bolts and nuts 50, 51.
- the flexible shaft 52 transmits the power from the source to the rotating cam.
- the diaphragm 53 preferably consisting of or plated with non-corrosive material, is held between cork or other washers 54 and 55, which are clamped between-the case i() and front 44 by the screws 41, 42, 43.
- These Washers provide a properly cushioned support for the diaphragm, and also serve to speed of rotation without "producing 1111-.
- the cam 59 islattached to or isA diaphragm 53 by a washer 71 over whiclr the end of the soft metal support is riveted, as at 71a.
- 69 is let into 70 in such manner as to make it impossible 'for the softer metal of 70 to come into contact with cam 59.
- the cam piece 69V may be made free'to turn in 70 so as to present fresh surfaces or to act as a roller bearing.
- the surfaces of 70 and 71 adjacent to the diaphragm 53 may be convex to prevent shearing action thereon.
- the diaphragm 53 is bodily displaced in a direction substantially normal to the plane thereof, Vwhich in this case is substantially radial to the axis of the cam.
- the longitudinal axis vof the cam piece 69 of the diaphragm 53,' should be parallel with the axis of rotation of the cam 59 so that the wearing surface will extend entirely acrossl the width of the latter.
- the journal of the rotary cam is formed in a bracket 66, which is hinged at Aone end 73 upon a. p in 74 passing through bracket 66, being pivoted at one end, the
- the device is thoroughly lubricated by means of the oil cup 83, secured in threaded lug 84.
- the oil flows therefrom through pipe 85 and drips into the hollow spindle G5, then throughoil way 86 to the bearing surfaces between 65 and 66.A From vthis point some of it passes by centrifugal4 force thereby lubricating the remainder of the bearing surface.
- Drain openings at 89 and 90 afford an outlet for any water or small particles of dirt which may tend to collect between the diaphragm 53 and the front 141.
- the cam shaft may be actuated after the manner indicated in Figs. 8, 9, 10. and 11, wherein the shaft 52 is shown connected to pulley 110, journaled in the hanger 111, which is adapted to be secured to any de sired support 112 adjacent a rotating part of the engine, such as the iiy wheel 113, in
- the base 11/1 is secured to the support 112 by screws 115, 116.
- This base is provided with a cylindrical pivot or projection 117, upon which the hanger 111is mounted to swing, said cylindrical projection being formed with a screw thread 11S for engaging -anut 119 and washer 120.
- the hollow shaft 121 In the lower end of the hanger is journaled the hollow shaft 121.
- the friction wheel 110 In the lower end of the hanger is secured the hollow shaft 121.
- This shaft is provided with transverse pins 125, engaging a slot-126 in a coupling piece 127.
- Into the recess 128 in the rear end of said coupling is soldered the iexible shaft 52.
- the flexible protecting cover for the flexible shaft is secured to a sleeve 129, which screws the bearing.
- the means of swinging the hanger 111 to throw the friction wheel 110 into and out of contact with the 'ily wheel 113 is an upward extension or lever arm 131.
- This arm may be integral with the hanger 111, but'I prefer thc construction shown inthe drawings wherein the arm 131 is mounted upon the pivot 117 and is coupled in fixed angular relation to the hanger 111 by means of the bolt 1329.116. nut 133 passing through. a
- the projection 1311 is provided with any desired number of bolt holes 137, 133, 139, 140, ctc., so that the lever arm 131 may be secured in any desired angular relation to the hanger 111 by merely shifting the bolt 132.
- the oil cup 141 supplies the bearing in 111 as indicated in Figs. 9 and 1 0.
- the periphery of the friction wheel 110 is formed with grooves 110a and ribsllfl, so that the ribs may come into close frictional contact with the surface of the iiy wlieci 113, and any lubricant or other foreign matter on such surface will be squeezed into the grooves 110il at theY point of such contact.
- the longitudinal axis of the wearpiece (39 is arranged transversely to the direction of the grain of the diaphragm (see Fig. 7), so that any small lateral component of the power applied through the cam 59 andany vibratory stresses which may take effect in directions other than perpendicular to the diaphragm shall take eifect longitudinallyof the grain in the direction of greatest strength of the fiber.
- fine quality thin steel is selected of a diameter, thickness and elasticity suitable to give it the desired pitch and loudness of note and the other qualities first above described.
- a diaphragm will be so flexible that when struck it will vibrate readily 'in ripples or segments of almost any frequency
- the diaphragm movement - is confined wholly of the diaphragm being always toward normal, acts continuously inward in opposition to the cam pushes, and never in the same direction with them; movement is cut short at the instant wlmi its rearward momentum is greatest and when stopping it will produce the maigimum violence of collisionland noise-producing ripples of the diaphragm.
- Such operation would diminish the body swing note which I desire to magnify, magnify theripples which I desire to diminish and would be attended by maximumv destructive effects and waste of power.
- a desired amplitude of vibration of the diaphragm may be selected by trial, which will not impose stresses in excess of the elas- 'may be selected having long smooth cam vsurfaces of low operative pitch.
- the principal movement of the diaphragm is a to and fro bodily movement in which the movements in one direction are forced by the cam and the return movements ai'e resilient and preferably the cam contacts force the outward movements as fast as the elasticity can effect the return to the initial position above described.
- Each outward movement is of forced amplitude and the return movements and the frequencies conform more or less closely to those of free elastic vibrationA ofl the diaphragm.
- the motive power herewith shown is adapted to permitslip or variation of the speed of the cam, and this is of' advantage in connection with my above described outfitl adapted to operate near the natural-vibratory rate of the device, because it permits the speed to automatically accommodate itself more or less to such natural'rate ofi'fil the friction wheel so as to select and hold the right speed for natural frequency operation ot the diaphragm.
- the vvearpiece on the diaphragm is of very small altitude as compared with its base, the pitch ofthe cam surfaces may be increased, but the ratio of base ⁇ to altitude is approximately one to one or less, and in most cases I prefer to have the ratio of about t ⁇ vo to one. This factor is of less importance Where the diaphragm and rotary cam are operating perfectly in phase so that the cam forcing movements occur only during the natural outward swing of the diapragm but is of greater importance in case of vout-of-phase 4operation due to Wide variations of speed in starting or stopping or to excessive speed or faulty adjustment While running'.
- the thrust or displacement of the diaphragm is a function 0i the shape and arrangement of both the driving and the driven members and that in the drawings the cam action results from development otl the cam surfaces on both members.
- the proportion of the cam thrust afforded by each is capable of Wide variation between the extremes Where all o the cam thrust or displacement is afforded by one member'or by the other member.
- a very desirable material for the diaphragm is a fine quality steel about 2/100 to 2 5/100 of an inch in thickness. This material is very durable, especially1 when p'roperly clamped between the cork washers 5l, 55 of Fig. 3.
- a diaphragm of about 2/100 yinch thickness and about 6 inches in diameter, clamped at the periphery so as to leave about 5 inches clear, is Well adapted for satisfactory operation at an amplitude of one v to tivo'sixteenths of an inch by cam displacements occurring at frequencies of, say 400 per second. T While the above proportions are illustrative and thc sizes can be varied to some extent the practically permissible variations are restricted bythe limitations first above described.
- the diaphragm may well be somewhat thicker than 2/100 inch but at the suggested upper limitI of 3/100 inch it will be very heavy and stiff and this will render it more destructive and-ill-adapted for my purposes in the other particulars, which I have explained.
- Claims limited to the combination of the electric battery, the electric motor, the rotary. cam and the diaphragm coordinated so that they will automatically operate at a speed giving cam contacts approximating the natural or undainental Jfrequency of the diaphragm. are found in my application Serial No. ld, (patented Nov. 16, 1915, No. l,l(i(),l)0 which is for subject-nmtter originally contained in my application Se rial No. 494,120, filed May 5th, 1905), (patented ov. lo, 1915, No. LlGOAlOO) and eopending with my original application tor Patent 923,04) -ot' which reissue is herein sought.
- My device includes a steel diaphragm so action in respect thereto, formed so thatv the interval and the depth between the cam Contact surfaces is sufficient for the diaphragni to swing rearwardly of normal, and Aset so that only the outermost portions of the cam projections will engage the contact piece or anvil when it is in the normal position, in combination with driving means selected and designed so that it can drive the cam up to, and hold, a desired speed where the movements and the frequencies approximate those of free elastic vibration of the diaphragm.
- the successive cani depressions are deep enough, and, at such speed, the cam allows time enough, for the rearward momentum of every swing to more or less expend itself in bowingthe diaphragm an appreciable distance behind normal where its elastic tendency will be outward regardless of whether or not the rearward movement-has completely exhausted itself; and the successive cam vprojections come along fast enough to apply their outward pushes in thev same direction ⁇ with such outward tendency thereby producing cumulative effects v.and maintaining a continuous succession of amplified approximately uniform body swings of ⁇ the diaphragm.
- a thin elastic steel diaphragm and a projecting wear-piece secured thereto in combination with means for causing wide bodily swings of said diaphragm, said means comprising a.
- rotary cam having. a plurality of spaced projections having cam surfaces of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to .said wear-piece on lines falling within the base thereof, the engaging surfaces of said wear-piece and cam being formed on tiansv verse straight lines, means for -mounting said parts in position for straight line engagement, and with only the outermost portions of theV cam projections overlapping the normal position of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its speed to the work done on the diaphragm, designed and relatively proportioned so as to start said cam and speed it up to thek limited range of high speeds, where each successive cam projection applies a cani push for each successive rearward swing of the diaphragm, for the purpose described.
- a thin elastic steel diaphragm a wear-piece secured through andcarried by said diaphragm, in combination with means for causing wide bodily swings of said diaphragm, said means comprising a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced'projections having cam surfaces of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts on lines falling within the base of said wear-piece, means for mounting said cam with only the outermost portions of the cam projections overlapping the normal position of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its speed to the work done on the diaphragm, designed 'and relatively proportioned so as to start said cam and speed it up to the xlimited range of high speeds, where each successive cain projection applies a cam push during the rear-of-normal part of each successive body swing of the diaphragm, and means for minutely adjusting the degree of the overlap of saidoutermost portions of the cam projections, while said cam is running, for the purpose described.v
- thin elastic steel diaphragm thin elastic steel diaphragm, a wearpiece Vgageinent, means for adjusting the overlap of the tips of the cam projections in a direction perpendicular to the straight line elements of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its thin elastic metal diaphragm, in combination with a rotary cam and means for adjusting'the same toward and from said dia-v phragm, said meanc including an accurately adjustable thrust member' adapted to force the cam in one direction, a spring member adapted to act in. 'the 'oppositedirection and.
- a horn In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a horn, a thin elastic metal diaphragm, a closed case for the rearr side of said diaphragm comprising a transverse Wall spaced from said diaphragm and marginal portions clamped to the periphery of said diaphragm,
- a horn or resonatorand a diaphragm therefor in combination with a rotary cam, a ease in the rear ⁇ of said diaphragm inclosing said rotary cam, and adjustable means extending through the case for'adjusting said cam to-l ward and from said diaphragm.
- a horn or resonator and a diaphragm therefor in combination with a rotary lcam, a case in the rear of said diaphragm inclosing said rotary cam, adjustable means arranged for adjusting said cam toward and from said diaphragm While said cam is running and means for locking said parts in adjusted position.
- apparatus in an alarm or signaling.
- a suitable support a diaphragm and a rotary meer dia- ⁇ i cam, in combination with a bearing for said cam, in combination With a bearing for said cam, said bearing being mounted for adjust'- ment about an axis eccentric to the axis of said cam, whereby said cam may be adjusted to and from said diaphragm.
- a suitable support, a diaphragm and a rotary cam in combination with a bearing for said cam, said bearing being mounted for adjustment about an axis eccentric to the axis4 of said cam, a '-rear, casing inclosing said cani, and a screw adapted to be opera-ted from outside of the casing for adjusting said bearing about said axis.V L
- a suitable support a diaphragm and a rotary cam, said bearing being-mounted for adjustment about an axis eccentric tothe axis of said cam, a rear casing inclosing said cam, and adjustable means carrying a lock nut, extending through the casing and adapted to be operated from the outside of said casing, for adjustingsaid bearing about said axis and for locking the parts in the adjusted position.
- a vibratory member In an alarm horn or signaling appa-l ratus, a vibratory member, a rotary cam for agitating the same and a flexible shaft for driving said rotary cam, in combination with a friction Wheel connected to said ⁇ iexible shaft, an independently operated motor, and means for moving said friction wheel into frictional engagement with amoving'. pant of the motor, substantially as described.
- a diaphragm In an alarm or signaling apparatus of the class described, a diaphragm, a high speed rotary cam adapted to contaetvvith said diaphragm, and a bearing for the shaft o-f said cam, all arranged for operation With said cam in a position over 'said bearing, an axial passage in'said cam shaft leading from above said cam and'terminating belowsaid cam at a point adjacent said' bearing, in combination with means for discharging oil into said passage at a 'point above said cam whereby such oil may ultimately reach the cam face, substantially asI and forthe purpose set forth.
- an alarm horn or signaling device the combination of a case having openings therein, a diaphragm, a rotary displacing Y member adapted to vibrate said -diaphragm and a shaft 'therefor passing through one 4the wear-piece on lines such opening, an oil cup on the case in line case to a suitable support at right angles yto the axis of said shaft, the connections of the oil cup and the shaft being reversible, substantially as described.
- an alarm-horn or, signaling device the combination of a case having openings therein, a diaphragm, a rotary displacing member adapted to-vibrate said diaphragm and a shaft therefor passing through one such opening, an Aoil cup on the case in line with the shaft and mounted in the other such opening and means for attaching the case to a suitable support at right angles to the axisof said shaft, the shaft bearing, shaft connections and oil cup being reversible, substantially as described.
- a vibratory diaphragm In an alarm horn 'or signaling apparatus, , a vibratory diaphragm, a rotary cam for actuating the saine, having its axis arranged at Aright angles to the grain of the metal of the diaphragm, substantially as described.
- An alarm 'or signal comprising a thin elastic steel diaphragm of the type described,i clamped aboutits edges and having its'central portion providedvwith a suitable wear-piece in combination with a rotary cam having a plurality of projections of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to i falling within the basel-thereof, the -distance and depth between successive projections being sufficient to permit, swing"ojf" said" diaphragm rear- -wardly of its'normalposition, means for mounting said cam ⁇ with ⁇ only the outermost portions of the cam projections overlapping the, normal position of said wear-piece, and
- An alarm ⁇ or signaling device of the class described including a thin elasticsteel diaphragm, a wear-piece formed with a hard metal tip, a shank riveted through the diaphragm and a diaphragm engaging base of greaterdiameter than the altitude ot said wearpiece, a rotary'cain provided with a plurality of cam projections havingsurfaces of low pitch, means lfor supporting said :am and said diaphragm with the path of the outermost portions of the cam projections but slightly overlapping the normal position of the tip of the wear-piece, the
- a thin elastic Isteel diaphragm clamped about' its edges and having a suitable'wear-piece secured to the central portion thereof, in combination with means for causing wide, swift to-and-fro swings of said central portion, said means including a rotary cam having a plurality ci spaced projections of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to the wearpiece, the distance and depth between successive projections being sufficient to permit free inward swing of said diaphragm and wear-piece rearwardly of normal,
- saidV means including a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced projections presenting cain surfaces Vof a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to the wear-piece, the' spaces between successive projections being of suiiicient depth to permit free inward swing of the diaphragm 'andwear-piece rearwardly of normal and the overlap of cam projections and wearpiece being slight, a driving member, and power transmitting means between said .v driving member and said cam adapted to varyrthe speed of the cam in accordance with the pressure manually applied by the operator and in accordance with the work done upon the diaphragm whereby the operator, by applying suflicient pressure, may
- glnan alarm or signaling apparatus a thin7 elastic, metal diaphragm of the class described, clamped about its edges and pro'v vided with a suitable wear-piece, in combi'- nation with means for causing, wide, swift, to-and-fro swings of the central portion of the diaphragm, said means including a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced pro- -o-pies ai this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the l Commissioner of- Patents,
- jections presenting cam' 4surfaces adapted to propel said diaphragm as a whole in the outward direction, the spaces between successive projections being of sufficient depth to permit inward swing of the diaphragmand wear-piece rearwardly of normal, means for supporting said parts with only vthe outermost portions of the cam projections adapted to engage said wear-piece when the diaphragm is in normal position, and power Aoperated driving means of the type adapted to automatically accommodate the speed of the cam to the work done on the diaphragm, designed and arranged to start said cam and rapidly accelerate it to that limitedV range of high speeds where wide amplitude bodily swings, extending on both sides of normal, are built up by each successive cam projection contacting with' the wear-piece during the rear-of-normal portion of each successive swing, for the purpose described.
Description
- M: R. HUTCHISON.v
CAM OPERATED HORN. APPLICATION FILED Nov. I3'. ISHS` Reismwd Deo. 28, 1915.
B Y H/s A Tram/Er l"UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MILLER REESE HUTCHISON, OF IES'Il ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO LOWELL- MCCONNELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
CAM-OPERATED HORN.
To u-ZZ whom z't ymay Concern.'
Be it known that I, MiLLnR HU'rCH- i isov, a citizen of the United States, and a. resident of rest Ura-nge, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Cam-Operated Horns, of which 'the following is a specication.
My present invention concernshorns, sig-v nals, alarms, etc., wherein the sound is produced by a mechanically agitated diaphragm. It includes certain novel features of construction and operation whereby the `power necessary to produce vibrations of very delicate Work as in the phonograph,
where the diaphragm movements are of very small amplitude and all tendency to free movement is completely suppressed` If free movement be permitted, collision ripples and noises are produced which, While very intense, lack carrying power, and the attendant elastic stresses may be very great. In the case of'a diaphragm used for my purposes, 'the elastic stresses may be so great that it becomes an' important object to get enough sound' out of the instrument without breaklng theA diaphragm or driving mcchanism. For my purposes I found that it-was entirely insufficient to merely employ stronger materials and larger sizes and I did not accomplish the desired result until I invented the new construction and method of operation whereby I utilized entirely different qualities of the diaphragm which I will explain.
The loudness of the sound and its carrying power both var y with the amplitude and velocity of the movement of the diaphragm. In practice, great amplitude of diaphragm movement is easiest obtainable with a low note, but too low a note' is not effective'in' exciting ,the human ar and the louder it is Specification of Reissued Letters Patent, Ieissued D96. 2S, IV915 Original No. 923,049, dated May 25, 1909, Seria No. 373,946.
Serial No. 61,424.
Application for reissue led November 13,
the more disproportionately great will the energy of cach wave have to be in order to produce a given human ear or loudness effect. IVith too high a note, it is ditlicult to get great amplitude, and,in practice, I find that the desired notes or frequencies of vibration lie within certain definite limits; I also find that for frequencies within those limits the diameter and thiclnic'ss, and the resulting weight and stiffness' of the diaphragm are still further limited, since increased weight or stiffness of the vibrating `p arts tends to cut down the velocities and amplitudes which can be attained Without developing destructive inertial and elastic stresses. Hence, I willdesci'ihe hereinafter an illustrative example of a diaphragm having the required thinness and other essentials and show hoiv it can be givenA the required amplitude and velocity of movement without' destroying itself or the driving member. F or any given diaphragm thus selected, the amplitude of vibration which is possible, withoit exceeding a given safe limit ofl elastic stress, is very much greater when the vibratory portions of the diaphragm swing as a whole simultaneously in' the same direction, than when the vibration consists mainly of ripples or ventral segments, which cause different portions of the surface to move simultaneously in opposite directions. Hence, I prefer to arrange thev Y diaphragm displacing member so as to apply the power mainly in producing the -bodily vibration of the diaphragm, so that any high frequencyr vibrations are merely secondary or incidental. Being of lower frequency the sound waves generated by this bodily vibration are of inferior quality for exciting the human ear, but they carry better in the air and I have' succeeded in increasing the velocity and amplitude of the bodily movement of the diaphragm so as to put enough more energy into each air wave to far more than compensate for its inferior audibility, while relatively diminishing the high frequency ripple vibrations which arel of disagreeable quality and inferior 'carrying power. As a displacing means. I employ a cam having a thrust or dynamic reaction sufliciently direct to give a large resultantV lenough to permit the required amplitude and velocity of elastic return thereof, and to r'epeat these operations with suticient rapidity A to generate a true body swing note as the principal sound produced, the high frequency noises and ripples being' entirely secondary and for long ydistance signaling practically negligible. I believe I am the rst to discover the desirability of doing this, and also that I am the first to design, construct and operate a cam, `diaphragm -and Contact piece capable of doing it.
The cam is preferably of low operative pitch on the advancing side, and the corresponding contact surfaces `on the diaphragm are`preferably near the plane ofthe diaphragm. A specially designed hardened Contact surface is arranged on the diaphragm. The rotary cam can be more conveniently arranged for gettingout of the way of the return movement of the diaphragm whenv this contact piece is made in the form of a projection. The shape of its surface of contact with the rotary member and the ratio of its altitude to its base should be such that the lines of thrust or dynamic reaction perpendicular to said surface of Contact, will fall within the base of the projection and preferably as near as possible to the center thereof, though these features will vary as explained hereafter. The engaging surfaces are shaped for straight line contact.
The advantage of having the line of thrust or dynamic reaction fall within the base of the projection is that in such case the thrust operates as if applied within the plane of the base at the point Where the line of thrust intersects such plane, whereas when the line of thrust falls outside of the base, there is a positive pull of the diaphragm toward the cam `on the opposite side of the point of attachment, and by reason of the arrangement of leverages, this pull on one side is added to the normal thrust of the cam on the other side, thereby producing a distinctreverse bend, the crests of which 'are localized at diametrically opposite points of engagement with-the base of the projection.
'It will be understood that each of the above described factors mutually contribute in varying degrees to the production of the desired result, and that While theoretically it'would be preferable" to perfect each and all yof them to the greatest degree, the
-be compensated for by greater perfection of ceeding each other, constitute a note of a of a vehicle or boat.
eXigencies of practical operation require` and the theory permits, that there be considerable variation 1n one part, provided it form or arrangement ot' some other part of the combination.
In practice, the above principles may be embodied in a device wherein the diaphragm is positively displaced out ot' normal on the suine side of normal by each cam projection, so that each bodily displacement of the diaphra gm causes a clearly defined acoustic impulse or wave of great amplitude and carrying power, and these waves or impulses sucpitch determined by the number of cam contacts pei-second. The frequency of these, as I will explain later is determined by the time required for sufficiently completing the natural cycle of rearwardswing of the diaphragn'i. Application of the power in this way gives a movement of the diaphragm which involves comparatively smooth, regular iiexure of the material and thus causes the least possible breaking stress for a given amplitude of movement.
My present invention also contemplates a new organization of parts particularly adapted for application to any desired part It also contemplates a considerable number of structural improvements cooperating to constitute a practical device adapted to stand the wear and tear under all conditions of use.
Referring to the drawings: Figures l and Q are respectively side and'front elevations of a form of the device; Fig. is a section on the line X-X, Fig. 2; Fig. 4 a face view of the case with the horn. and front Wall removed; Fig. 5 a. vertical broken section near the line Y-Y, Fig. 1L; and Figs. 6 and 7 are details of the diaphragm and cam contact piece on the diaphragn'i. Figs. 8 and 9 are front and rear views of a driving mechanism for the flexible shaft; Fig. l0 a vertical secltion on the line Z-Z, Fig. 9; Fig. 1l a detail on Fig. lO. In the form shown in Figs. l andQ, a amplifier or resonating horn LLS is suitably secured to a casing 4U. Between the horn and casing is a diaphragm 43, which in ad- 'dition to its vibratory function, forms with the casing a resonator amplifying chamber.
The diaphragm 53 is vibrated by rotary cam 59 formed with regularly spaced cam projections 60, 6l, etc., the sides of eachl projection being similarly and symmetrically formed, s0 that the cam is` adapted to rotate in either direction. The diaphragm is provided with a diaphragm projection,
.formed with contact surfaces which are 11ivclined similarly and symmetricaily in both directions from the apex thereof. By reason of .the symmetrical formation of the cam projections on..` the rotary cam isa' and of the Contact surfaces on the diaphragm projection, the device is adapted for operation in which ever direction the rotary cam may happen to be driven. rl`he inclination or operative pitch of both members is low, so that the lines of thrust perpendicular to the surfaces of the cam and diaphragm projection, at points where they come into engagement with each other, will fall within the base of the projection. i
As will be seen from Fig. 6, the cam surfaces arev formedjvith alternate concave depressions and convex projections with intervenlng surfaces of smoothly graduated rate of change of pitch. The projections are symmetrically rounded and thervibrator may be actuated by rotation of the cam in .either direction. vWhere the power is always applied in one direction, however, the cam surface on the rear side of each projection may be entirely cut away without approximates the natural rate of elastic swing of the diaphragm.
1 have shown a-desirab'le arrangementl of horn, diaphragm, and cam actuating means adapted for attachment to the dashboard of an automobile, the construction being so far symmetrical and ,reversible as to permit of convenient attachment on either the right hand or the left hand of the vehicle. This device includes a brass or other casing 40, drilled to receive screws 41, 42, 43, which hold the front Q44A to the back 40- by nuts'15, -i6, 47. The horn 48 is attached to the front-44 and is supported thereby. The entire deviceiis supported by a bracket 49 attachedto the dashboard or other support by bolts and nuts 50, 51. The flexible shaft 52 transmits the power from the source to the rotating cam.
The diaphragm 53, preferably consisting of or plated with non-corrosive material, is held between cork or other washers 54 and 55, which are clamped between-the case i() and front 44 by the screws 41, 42, 43. These Washers provide a properly cushioned support for the diaphragm, and also serve to speed of rotation without "producing 1111-.
necessarily violent stresses' ofthe f diaphragm. The cam 59 islattached to or isA diaphragm 53 by a washer 71 over whiclr the end of the soft metal support is riveted, as at 71a. 69 is let into 70 in such manner as to make it impossible 'for the softer metal of 70 to come into contact with cam 59. If desired, the cam piece 69V may be made free'to turn in 70 so as to present fresh surfaces or to act as a roller bearing. The surfaces of 70 and 71 adjacent to the diaphragm 53, may be convex to prevent shearing action thereon.
As cam 59 revolves, the diaphragm 53 is bodily displaced in a direction substantially normal to the plane thereof, Vwhich in this case is substantially radial to the axis of the cam.
In practical operation, the longitudinal axis vof the cam piece 69 of the diaphragm 53,' should be parallel with the axis of rotation of the cam 59 so that the wearing surface will extend entirely acrossl the width of the latter. The journal of the rotary cam is formed in a bracket 66, which is hinged at Aone end 73 upon a. p in 74 passing through bracket 66, being pivoted at one end, the
The device is thoroughly lubricated by means of the oil cup 83, secured in threaded lug 84. The oil flows therefrom through pipe 85 and drips into the hollow spindle G5, then throughoil way 86 to the bearing surfaces between 65 and 66.A From vthis point some of it passes by centrifugal4 force thereby lubricating the remainder of the bearing surface.
' over a screw threaded boss 130 on the rear of The hole for the attachment of the oil cup to the left side of the dashboard, instead of the right side. v
Referring to Fig. 4, wherein the oil cup 83 is at thetop and the drivel shaft 52 at the bottom of the casing, it will be seen that to adapt the device for location on the dash# board on the opposite side of the machine, it may be turned upside down, so that the bracket 19 projects to the left instead of to the right. The operating parts may then be reversed.
Drain openings at 89 and 90 afford an outlet for any water or small particles of dirt which may tend to collect between the diaphragm 53 and the front 141. By having one at the top and the other at the bottom of the casing, there will always be one of them in operative position which everside of the device happens to be downward in normal operation.
The cam shaft may be actuated after the manner indicated in Figs. 8, 9, 10. and 11, wherein the shaft 52 is shown connected to pulley 110, journaled in the hanger 111, which is adapted to be secured to any de sired support 112 adjacent a rotating part of the engine, such as the iiy wheel 113, in
such-manner as to permit the pulley to be thrown into and out of Contact with said fly wheel.
In the specific form shown in the drawings, the base 11/1 is secured to the support 112 by screws 115, 116. This base is provided with a cylindrical pivot or projection 117, upon which the hanger 111is mounted to swing, said cylindrical projection being formed with a screw thread 11S for engaging -anut 119 and washer 120. In the lower end of the hanger is journaled the hollow shaft 121. Upon the projecting end 122, of shaft 121, is secured the friction wheel 110 by means of a nut 123 and key V124. This shaft is provided with transverse pins 125, engaging a slot-126 in a coupling piece 127. Into the recess 128 in the rear end of said coupling is soldered the iexible shaft 52. The flexible protecting cover for the flexible shaft is secured to a sleeve 129, which screws the bearing.
The means of swinging the hanger 111 to throw the friction wheel 110 into and out of contact with the 'ily wheel 113 is an upward extension or lever arm 131. This arm may be integral with the hanger 111, but'I prefer thc construction shown inthe drawings wherein the arm 131 is mounted upon the pivot 117 and is coupled in fixed angular relation to the hanger 111 by means of the bolt 1329.116. nut 133 passing through. a
- essential.
the projection 1311 is provided with any desired number of bolt holes 137, 133, 139, 140, ctc., so that the lever arm 131 may be secured in any desired angular relation to the hanger 111 by merely shifting the bolt 132. By these means it is possible to arrange matters so that a convenient support 112 may always be found and at the same time the direction of the pull of the chain 13G may vbe kept normal to the lever arm 131i The oil cup 141 supplies the bearing in 111 as indicated in Figs. 9 and 1 0.
I prefer to arrangebrake shoes 142, 143, on opposite sides of the pivot 11,7, so that the friction wheel 11() will be swung into contact therewith immediately upon being thrown. out of contact with the vfly wheel 113.
The periphery of the friction wheel 110 is formed with grooves 110a and ribsllfl, so that the ribs may come into close frictional contact with the surface of the iiy wlieci 113, and any lubricant or other foreign matter on such surface will be squeezed into the grooves 110il at theY point of such contact.
It will be obvious that instead ofthe ily wheel 113, I may enploy any suitable drivn and in order that the diaphragm may be .less
likely to crack or break, the longitudinal axis of the wearpiece (39 is arranged transversely to the direction of the grain of the diaphragm (see Fig. 7), so that any small lateral component of the power applied through the cam 59 andany vibratory stresses which may take effect in directions other than perpendicular to the diaphragm shall take eifect longitudinallyof the grain in the direction of greatest strength of the fiber.
All of the structural features herein set forth are of advantage during starting and stopping when there is no timing of the cam contacts, and the same is true as to the re` nements of design and operation of the ro- A tary cam which adapt it to accord with the natural movements of the diaphragm and to vibrate on both sides of normal.
One way of4 getting a very desirable proportion and Aoperation of the cam which will give good sound effect with minimum wear on the diaphragm is as follows: A dia- .phragm constructed as above described, of
fine quality thin steel, is selected of a diameter, thickness and elasticity suitable to give it the desired pitch and loudness of note and the other qualities first above described. Such a diaphragm will be so flexible that when struck it will vibrate readily 'in ripples or segments of almost any frequency,
Abut 'when forcibly bent, as a whole, in one direction, has a fairly definite natural time of free elasticreturn, and greater amplitude of movement, with less power andless wear and tear, may be obtained where part of each vibration is forced and part of it is free and the forced part of the successive vibrations occur at intervals harmonizing with the time required for the free parts of the movement.
part of themovement must not be varied to an extent sufficient to prevent swing of the cani' contacts be caused to occur too freturn movement ofthe diaphragm and again forcibly drive it outward before it has completed its nautral cycle of movement and I sometimes do this but never to an extent sufficient to prevent the return movement from extending across normal. the diaphragm movement -is confined wholly of the diaphragm being always toward normal, acts continuously inward in opposition to the cam pushes, and never in the same direction with them; movement is cut short at the instant wlmi its rearward momentum is greatest and when stopping it will produce the maigimum violence of collisionland noise-producing ripples of the diaphragm. Such operation would diminish the body swing note which I desire to magnify, magnify theripples which I desire to diminish and would be attended by maximumv destructive effects and waste of power. l
Zhen the diaphragm swings across normal, however, its elastic tendency reverses direption. Hence, by as much or little as I permit the diaphragm to continue its rearward swing back of normal, by just so much will I store'up and save the rearward momentum by using it to bow the diaphragm 'rearwardly where its elasticity acting outwardly, will add to instead of oppose the outward push of the cam.- Likewise and by so much, the velocity, destructiveness and ripple producing4 effect of vdiaphragm and cam impact will be diminished, andthe ve- For such harmonized operation, the forced diaphragm on both sides of normal. If the (uentl f, they will .intercept the elastic re- Because if.
to the outward side of normal, the elasticityand the rearwel locity and amplitude of the body swing increased.
A desired amplitude of vibration of the diaphragm may be selected by trial, which will not impose stresses in excess of the elas- 'may be selected having long smooth cam vsurfaces of low operative pitch.
' In the preferred operation, the principal movement of the diaphragm is a to and fro bodily movement in which the movements in one direction are forced by the cam and the return movements ai'e resilient and preferably the cam contacts force the outward movements as fast as the elasticity can effect the return to the initial position above described. Each outward movement is of forced amplitude and the return movements and the frequencies conform more or less closely to those of free elastic vibrationA ofl the diaphragm.
It will` be understood that the camneed not be formed and adjusted so that the contact piece Awill remain in contact with or follow the periphery of the cam, since very fine results may be achieved by my present device, where as shown in Fig. G, only the loutermost portions ofthe cam progections those of free elastic vibration, and the action is practically and substantially harmonized,
' the diaphragm is thrown clear of thetop of the cam at high velocity, and the cam depressions are deep enough so that themovement of the diaphragm is free and natural up to the time of engagement with the next succeeding cam. With the above described cam having an operative throw or altitude approximately equal to 'the desired v'amplitude of vibration, good results may be obtained by trial adjustments of the distance of the cam froml the diaphragm and 4rotation of the cam at a speed which will give the required number of cam contacts per second.
The motive power herewith shown is adapted to permitslip or variation of the speed of the cam, and this is of' advantage in connection with my above described outfitl adapted to operate near the natural-vibratory rate of the device, because it permits the speed to automatically accommodate itself more or less to such natural'rate ofi'fil the friction wheel so as to select and hold the right speed for natural frequency operation ot the diaphragm.
lVhen the vvearpiece on the diaphragm is of very small altitude as compared with its base, the pitch ofthe cam surfaces may be increased, but the ratio of base` to altitude is approximately one to one or less, and in most cases I prefer to have the ratio of about t\vo to one. This factor is of less importance Where the diaphragm and rotary cam are operating perfectly in phase so that the cam forcing movements occur only during the natural outward swing of the diapragm but is of greater importance in case of vout-of-phase 4operation due to Wide variations of speed in starting or stopping or to excessive speed or faulty adjustment While running'.
It will be understood that the thrust or displacement of the diaphragm is a function 0i the shape and arrangement of both the driving and the driven members and that in the drawings the cam action results from development otl the cam surfaces on both members. Obviously, the proportion of the cam thrust afforded by each is capable of Wide variation between the extremes Where all o the cam thrust or displacement is afforded by one member'or by the other member.
A very desirable material for the diaphragm is a fine quality steel about 2/100 to 2 5/100 of an inch in thickness. This material is very durable, especially1 when p'roperly clamped between the cork washers 5l, 55 of Fig. 3. A diaphragm of about 2/100 yinch thickness and about 6 inches in diameter, clamped at the periphery so as to leave about 5 inches clear, is Well adapted for satisfactory operation at an amplitude of one v to tivo'sixteenths of an inch by cam displacements occurring at frequencies of, say 400 per second. TWhile the above proportions are illustrative and thc sizes can be varied to some extent the practically permissible variations are restricted bythe limitations first above described. For instance, the diaphragm may well be somewhat thicker than 2/100 inch but at the suggested upper limitI of 3/100 inch it will be very heavy and stiff and this will render it more destructive and-ill-adapted for my purposes in the other particulars, which I have explained. y
`While I have herein above set forth certain desirable principles of proportioning of parts and rates of operation thereof, it will be understood that many of the structural features of my present invention do' `not depend upon suchspecial matters. It
will also be understood that While I have herein fully shown and described, and have pointed out in the appended claims certain novel features of construction, arrangement and operation which characterize my invention, it will be understood by those `a rotor pushing in the out\vard, direction skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of my claims.
The above described liapliragm as a separate article is claimed in my Patent No. 883,(-L3, granted March 31st, 1908, but as stated in said patent, the broader subject mattei' of the combination of such diaphragm with the rotary cam has been reserved for this application. The `claims hereof though related to certain of the broader claims of my companion,application Serial No. 305,933, tiled March 14th, i906, (patented. May as, i909, No. 923048) are distinguished therefrom in that the claims hereof are directed to the cam as a means for agitating thedial'ihragm.
' I donot claim herein the features of resonator with base of large diameter orl with i'lared end, nor do I claim the drain holes for the front Wall of the diaphragmcase, either selmrately or in combination with the diaphragm and cam, the specific claims for these being found in my-Iatent No. 957,161, granted May 3rd, 1910.
Claims limited to the electricpmotor as' the means for driving the cam are found in Patent No. 923,122, granted May 25th. 1909. They are based on a device in which every cam projection forces :t'ull outward movement of the diaphragm at all speeds thereby adapting it to produce resonant sound et'- yfects at every speed corresponding to any one of the natural frequencies of the horn or ot' the diaphragm. f
Claims limited to the combination of the electric battery, the electric motor, the rotary. cam and the diaphragm coordinated so that they will automatically operate at a speed giving cam contacts approximating the natural or undainental Jfrequency of the diaphragm. are found in my application Serial No. ld, (patented Nov. 16, 1915, No. l,l(i(),l)0 which is for subject-nmtter originally contained in my application Se rial No. 494,120, filed May 5th, 1905), (patented ov. lo, 1915, No. LlGOAlOO) and eopending with my original application tor Patent 923,04) -ot' which reissue is herein sought.
The herein described novel features ot construction and of relative arrangement and interaction of the parts, as well as the sounds produced thereby. are all in marked contrast to the, phonograph and to all other prior devices employing a diaphragm with only. ln the phonograph all freeor natural movement ot' the diaphragm is perfectly suppressed, and all other prior devices follow the phonograph to the extent that in all o't them the movement of the diaphragm is confined wholl)v to one side of the normal efpiilibrium position. and intermediate springs, cushions or levers are employed lhicli destroy the simplicity and directness of action and reaction required for my purposes; and I disclaim any and all such prior devices. My device includes a steel diaphragm so action in respect thereto, formed so thatv the interval and the depth between the cam Contact surfaces is sufficient for the diaphragni to swing rearwardly of normal, and Aset so that only the outermost portions of the cam projections will engage the contact piece or anvil when it is in the normal position, in combination with driving means selected and designed so that it can drive the cam up to, and hold, a desired speed where the movements and the frequencies approximate those of free elastic vibration of the diaphragm. The successive cani depressions are deep enough, and, at such speed, the cam allows time enough, for the rearward momentum of every swing to more or less expend itself in bowingthe diaphragm an appreciable distance behind normal where its elastic tendency will be outward regardless of whether or not the rearward movement-has completely exhausted itself; and the successive cam vprojections come along fast enough to apply their outward pushes in thev same direction `with such outward tendency thereby producing cumulative effects v.and maintaining a continuous succession of amplified approximately uniform body swings of` the diaphragm. Y
I claim:
1. In an alarm or signaling apparatus o the class'described, an elastic diaphragm, a rotary cam, and a contact piece rigidly sel cured on tldiaplragm, the relative positions of the diaphragm projection and theV cam, vand the formation of the contactingA surfaces of each being'such that the parts have straight line contact along` lines parallel with each other and with the axis of the cam, for the purpose described.'
2. In an alarm or signaling apparatus of the class described," an elastic diaphragm,
and a contact piece thereon, in combination with a rotary cam, the contact surfaces of said cam and of said contact piece being formed .on substantially parallel lines, to-
gether with transverse studs or bolts engaging'suitable openings at the periphery of said diaphragm and adapted to maintain the parallel relation of the 'contact lines of said diaphragm contact with vthe contact lines of said cam, for the purpose described.
3. In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a thin elastic steel diaphragm and a projecting wear-piece secured thereto, in combination with means for causing wide bodily swings of said diaphragm, said means comprising a.
rotary cam having. a plurality of spaced projections having cam surfaces of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to .said wear-piece on lines falling within the base thereof, the engaging surfaces of said wear-piece and cam being formed on tiansv verse straight lines, means for -mounting said parts in position for straight line engagement, and with only the outermost portions of theV cam projections overlapping the normal position of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its speed to the work done on the diaphragm, designed and relatively proportioned so as to start said cam and speed it up to thek limited range of high speeds, where each successive cam projection applies a cani push for each successive rearward swing of the diaphragm, for the purpose described.
4. In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a thin elastic steel diaphragm, a wear-piece secured through andcarried by said diaphragm, in combination with means for causing wide bodily swings of said diaphragm, said means comprising a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced'projections having cam surfaces of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts on lines falling within the base of said wear-piece, means for mounting said cam with only the outermost portions of the cam projections overlapping the normal position of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its speed to the work done on the diaphragm, designed 'and relatively proportioned so as to start said cam and speed it up to the xlimited range of high speeds, where each successive cain projection applies a cam push during the rear-of-normal part of each successive body swing of the diaphragm, and means for minutely adjusting the degree of the overlap of saidoutermost portions of the cam projections, while said cam is running, for the purpose described.v
.-5. In an alarm or-signaling appartus. a
thin elastic steel diaphragm, a wearpiece Vgageinent, means for adjusting the overlap of the tips of the cam projections in a direction perpendicular to the straight line elements of said wear-piece, driving means of the type adapted to accommodate its thin elastic metal diaphragm, in combination with a rotary cam and means for adjusting'the same toward and from said dia-v phragm, said meanc including an accurately adjustable thrust member' adapted to force the cam in one direction, a spring member adapted to act in. 'the 'oppositedirection and.
locking means for insuring permanence of the adjustment.
7. in an alarm or signa-ling apparatus, a horn or resonator, and a thin elastic metal diaphragm therefor, in combination'with a rotary cam' and means for adjusting the same toward and from said diaphragm, said means including an adjustable thrust screw adapted to limit movement of the cam away from the diaphragm, a spring member' adapted to act in the opposite direction throughout the range of operative adjustment ofsaid cam and means for locking the parts in adjusted position.
8. 'In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a horn, a thin elastic metal diaphragm, a closed case for the rearr side of said diaphragm comprising a transverse Wall spaced from said diaphragm and marginal portions clamped to the periphery of said diaphragm,
in combination with a drive shaft extending through said case, a rotary cam mounted upon said shaft and disposed Within'said diaphragm case, an adjusting screw movable endWiSe toward and from. said diaphragm for moving said shaft toward the diaphragm' and a spring having its end portions sup-v ported by said diaphragm case and its inter- Ymediate portion bowed away from said diaphragm tov normally hold said"shaft and rotary cam the maximum adjusted distance away from the diaphragm.
9. in an alarm or signaling apparatus, a horn or resonatorand a diaphragm therefor, in combination with a rotary cam, a ease in the rear `of said diaphragm inclosing said rotary cam, and adjustable means extending through the case for'adjusting said cam to-l ward and from said diaphragm.
10. In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a horn or resonator and a diaphragm therefor, in combination with a rotary lcam, a case in the rear of said diaphragm inclosing said rotary cam, adjustable means arranged for adjusting said cam toward and from said diaphragm While said cam is running and means for locking said parts in adjusted position.
1l, in an alarm or signaling. apparatus, a suitable support, a diaphragm and a rotary meer dia-` i cam, in combination with a bearing for said cam, in combination With a bearing for said cam, said bearing being mounted for adjust'- ment about an axis eccentric to the axis of said cam, whereby said cam may be adjusted to and from said diaphragm.
l2. In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a suitable support, a diaphragm and a rotary cam, in combination with a bearing for said cam, said bearing being mounted for adjustment about an axis eccentric to the axis4 of said cam, a '-rear, casing inclosing said cani, and a screw adapted to be opera-ted from outside of the casing for adjusting said bearing about said axis.V L
13. In an alarm or signaling apparatus, a suitable support, a diaphragm and a rotary cam, said bearing being-mounted for adjustment about an axis eccentric tothe axis of said cam, a rear casing inclosing said cam, and adjustable means carrying a lock nut, extending through the casing and adapted to be operated from the outside of said casing, for adjustingsaid bearing about said axis and for locking the parts in the adjusted position. l
14. In an alarm horn or signaling appa-l ratus, a vibratory member, a rotary cam for agitating the same and a flexible shaft for driving said rotary cam, in combination with a friction Wheel connected to said {iexible shaft, an independently operated motor, and means for moving said friction wheel into frictional engagement with amoving'. pant of the motor, substantially as described.
l5. In an alarm oir-signaling device of the class described, arcasing` inelosing a diaphragm, a wear-piece, and a rotary displacing member adapted to engage said Wearpiece, in combination With an ,oil discharge opening in said case, said parts being constructed and arranged so that oil from said opening may be discharged on said rotary member and thence driven by centrifugal ,force to said Wear-piece, substantially as described. j
1G. In an alarm or signaling apparatus of the class described, a diaphragm, a high speed rotary cam adapted to contaetvvith said diaphragm, and a bearing for the shaft o-f said cam, all arranged for operation With said cam in a position over 'said bearing, an axial passage in'said cam shaft leading from above said cam and'terminating belowsaid cam at a point adjacent said' bearing, in combination with means for discharging oil into said passage at a 'point above said cam whereby such oil may ultimately reach the cam face, substantially asI and forthe purpose set forth.
17. In an alarm horn or signaling device, the combination of a case having openings therein, a diaphragm, a rotary displacing Y member adapted to vibrate said -diaphragm and a shaft 'therefor passing through one 4the wear-piece on lines such opening, an oil cup on the case in line case to a suitable support at right angles yto the axis of said shaft, the connections of the oil cup and the shaft being reversible, substantially as described.
18. ln an alarm-horn or, signaling device, the combination of a case having openings therein, a diaphragm, a rotary displacing member adapted to-vibrate said diaphragm and a shaft therefor passing through one such opening, an Aoil cup on the case in line with the shaft and mounted in the other such opening and means for attaching the case to a suitable support at right angles to the axisof said shaft, the shaft bearing, shaft connections and oil cup being reversible, substantially as described.
19. In an alarm horn 'or signaling apparatus, ,a vibratory diaphragm, a rotary cam for actuating the saine, having its axis arranged at Aright angles to the grain of the metal of the diaphragm, substantially as described.
20. An alarm 'or signal comprising a thin elastic steel diaphragm of the type described,i clamped aboutits edges and having its'central portion providedvwith a suitable wear-piece in combination with a rotary cam having a plurality of projections of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to i falling within the basel-thereof, the -distance and depth between successive projections being sufficient to permit, swing"ojf" said" diaphragm rear- -wardly of its'normalposition, means for mounting said cam` with `only the outermost portions of the cam projections overlapping the, normal position of said wear-piece, and
means for rotating said cam at speeds suficient to impart to said wear-piece a series of outward swings at time intervalsfrequent enough to give a push for every swing and yet permit a free elastic return swing of the diaphragm extending to a substantial distance rearwardly of'norma'l, the entry of the wear-piece between adjacent cam projections, and 'the engagement of the successive cam projections with the wear-piece while the latter is in the rear of normal, whereby the principal sound producing vibration of said diaphragm is a bodily swing, wholly on one 'side of normal and then whollyK on the other, for the purpose described. i
21. An alarm `or signaling device of the class described, including a thin elasticsteel diaphragm, a wear-piece formed with a hard metal tip, a shank riveted through the diaphragm and a diaphragm engaging base of greaterdiameter than the altitude ot said wearpiece, a rotary'cain provided with a plurality of cam projections havingsurfaces of low pitch, means lfor supporting said :am and said diaphragm with the path of the outermost portions of the cam projections but slightly overlapping the normal position of the tip of the wear-piece, the
space between said cam projections being of a depth and circumferential extent sufficient to permitv entry of the wear-piece tip and rearward swings of thediapliragm to a substantial distance behind normal, and the pitch of the cam surfaces being such that the lines of thrust of the cam fall within the base of th'e wear-piece, and means controlled by the operator forrapidly driving` said rotary cam up to a speed Suliicient to give to the diaphragm bodily movement wholly on one side and then wholly on the other side of normal and to impart a forcing movement to that portion of every swing which is substantially in the rear of the normal, for the purpose described.
22. In an alarm or signaling apparatus,
-a horn, a thin elastic Isteel diaphragm clamped about' its edges and having a suitable'wear-piece secured to the central portion thereof, in combination with means for causing wide, swift to-and-fro swings of said central portion, said means including a rotary cam having a plurality ci spaced projections of a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to the wearpiece, the distance and depth between successive projections being sufficient to permit free inward swing of said diaphragm and wear-piece rearwardly of normal,
'means for mounting said caln with only theA outermost portions of the cam projections overlapping the normal position of said wear-piece, means forininutely adjusting the degree of such overlap, and power operated driving means of the type adapted to automatically accommodate the speed of the cani 'to the work done on the diaphragm,
-designed and arranged to start said cam and rotate it through subnormal speeds producing only sm'all amplitude vibrations of small power and rapidly accelerating to the speeds where wide amplitude bodily swings extending on both sides of normal are built up by cani pushes commencing only during the times when the ldiaphragm is in the rear of normal, for the purpose described.
23. ln an alarm or signaling apparatus, a thin, elastic, steel diaphragm clamped about its edges and having a suitable wearpiece secured to the central portion thereof,
in combination with means for causing wide, swift, to-and-fro swings of said central portion, saidV means including a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced projections presenting cain surfaces Vof a pitch adapted to apply direct outward thrusts to the wear-piece, the' spaces between successive projections being of suiiicient depth to permit free inward swing of the diaphragm 'andwear-piece rearwardly of normal and the overlap of cam projections and wearpiece being slight, a driving member, and power transmitting means between said .v driving member and said cam adapted to varyrthe speed of the cam in accordance with the pressure manually applied by the operator and in accordance with the work done upon the diaphragm whereby the operator, by applying suflicient pressure, may
M the times when the diaphragm is in the rear ofnormahfor the purpose described.
glnan alarm or signaling apparatus, a thin7 elastic, metal diaphragm of the class described, clamped about its edges and pro'v vided with a suitable wear-piece, in combi'- nation with means for causing, wide, swift, to-and-fro swings of the central portion of the diaphragm, said means including a rotary cam having a plurality of spaced pro- -o-pies ai this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the l Commissioner of- Patents,
jections presenting cam' 4surfaces adapted to propel said diaphragm as a whole in the outward direction, the spaces between successive projections being of sufficient depth to permit inward swing of the diaphragmand wear-piece rearwardly of normal, means for supporting said parts with only vthe outermost portions of the cam projections adapted to engage said wear-piece when the diaphragm is in normal position, and power Aoperated driving means of the type adapted to automatically accommodate the speed of the cam to the work done on the diaphragm, designed and arranged to start said cam and rapidly accelerate it to that limitedV range of high speeds where wide amplitude bodily swings, extending on both sides of normal, are built up by each successive cam projection contacting with' the wear-piece during the rear-of-normal portion of each successive swing, for the purpose described.
Signed at West Orange, county of Essex and State of New Jersey, this 12th day of November, A. D. 1915. p
MILLER REESE HUTCHISON.
Washington, ID. C.
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE14037E (en) | Cam-operated horn | |
US923049A (en) | Cam-operated horn. | |
US1103933A (en) | Diaphragm signal-horn. | |
US2840176A (en) | Electro-mechanical means of generating subsonic energy | |
US1148945A (en) | Mechanical horn. | |
US1131636A (en) | Mechanical horn. | |
US1068939A (en) | Alarm or signaling apparatus. | |
US1175850A (en) | Acoustic apparatus. | |
US1090080A (en) | Automatic horn. | |
US1148231A (en) | Mechanical horn and diaphragm therefor. | |
US1125083A (en) | Signal-horn. | |
US1148294A (en) | Mechanical horn. | |
US1093058A (en) | Warning device. | |
US1198988A (en) | Signaling apparatus. | |
US1131703A (en) | Gearing. | |
US1441862A (en) | Sound reproducer for talking machines | |
US1148686A (en) | Diaphragm-horn. | |
USRE13909E (en) | Oscar c | |
US1546924A (en) | Sound-box mounting | |
GB190918247A (en) | Improvements in the Operation of Signal Horns. | |
US652800A (en) | Gramophone sound-box. | |
US1275815A (en) | Diapragm-horn. | |
US1120627A (en) | Alarm-horn. | |
US1188673A (en) | Mechanical signal-horn. | |
US957161A (en) | Diaphragm-actuated horn and resonator therefor. |