USRE13115E - goopee - Google Patents

Description

W. COOPER. REGENERATIVE SY STEM (JP CONTROL. APPLIUATION FILED MAILZ, 1910. Relssued May 17,1910.

1 3,1 15. .3 SHEET8SHEBT 1f" WITNESSES:

W. COOPER. REGENERATIVE SYSTEM OF GONTROL. I APPLICATION FILED MAR 2, 1510. Relssued May. 17, 1910.

. Rig 3.

INVENTOR:

ATTIO'RNEY v WHNESSES:

Maw

W. COOPER. GENERATIVE SYSTEM OF CONTROL. APPLIUATION nub MAR 2, 1910 Relssued May 17, 1910.

" ATTORNEY v WITNESSES:

I and useful struction may object of such UNITED sratrns carnal orrion.

WILLIAM COOPER, 0F PITTSBURG,

PENN$YLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY. A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

BEGENERATIVE SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Original No. 889,908, dated June 9,1908, Serial No. 391,226. Application for reissue Serial No.

Specification of Reissued Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, lVILLraM tjoornu, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ofPittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have inventeda new Improvement in Regenerative Systems of Control, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to systems of control electric railway motors, and particularly to systems in which the motors may be converted into generators to effect braking and to restore power to the distributing circuit.

The object of my invention is to provide a Syetemcf control in which alternating current motors ofthe connnutator type of conbe caused to operate as generators and supply substantially a. constant amount of current to the distributing circuit irrespective .A- further/object is to prevent the motors from being'connected to the distributing circuit except when the elcetrolnotive forces generated thereby are approximately equal to that of the distributing circuit.

If: the field magnet winding of an altermatingv current motor of the commutator type isseparate-ly excited, the electromotive force generated by the armature is approrimately 90 out of phase with the electro- For this reason, it has been proposed to utilize one of the motorsmpon a railway vehicle as an cxciter for the remaining motors, the-field irnagnet'winding of the exciter being connected between suitable points in a subdivided main transformer, while the exciter armature is connected to the field magnet windings of the remaining motors, the armatures of which are connectcd between suitable points in the main transformer. it will be understood that the an arrangement is to cause the generated clcctromotive force to be nearly or appr xiinately of the same phase as that of the distributing circuit. speeds of the machines generated 'olcctromotivo force may be maintaincd substantially equal to that between the points in the main transformer to which the generator arinatures are COl'lilQClZGd by adj listing-the voltage applied to the field magnet windin of the exciter or by altering the connections between the generator armaturesdecrease or vary, the

of the speed of the motors.

As the l 1 l l l l l l I l Rcissucd May 1 7,1910.

filed March 2, 1910. 546,971.

and the main transformer. In the present system, the armatures of the motors acting as generators may not be connected to-the transformer unless the generated electromotive force equals the transformer electromotive force, and, in order that the maximum brakin effect may be obtained without overloading or unduly heating the motors, the electromotive force applied to theexciter field magnet winding and the connections of the a-rmatures of the remaining machines with the main transformer are so adjusted with respect to each other that the current supplied to the distributing circuit is maintained substantially constant, irrespective of the speed of operation.

Figure 1, of the accompanying drawings, is a diagrammatic view of a system of control that en'lbodies my, invention. Fig. 2 is av chart giving the' order of closure of the switches of the aid system. Fig. 3 is a simplified diagrammatic view of the arrangement cit-the main circuits of the system when the motors are operated as generators. Fig. at a diagrann'natic view of a. modification of the system of Fig. 1-, and Fig. 5 is a chart giving the order of closure ,of the switches in the system of Fig. 4.

,The system comprises a main,'subdivided auto-transfm'mer winding 1- that is supplied from any suitable circuit such as a trolley conductor 2 and a track rail 3 of a railway system; three motors of the commutator type of construction having armatiu'cs 4t, 5 and 6, respectively, connensating windings 7, 8 and 9, respectively, and field magnet windings 10, 11 and,l2, respectively; set i *itchcs 18 to 2 1-, inclusive, for governing the direction of rotation of the motors; another sct of switches 25 to 30, inclusive, for governing the circuit arrangement of the motors whei'i operating the same generators; a set of switches 31 to 42, inclusive, for adjusting the connections of the motors with the main auto-transformer 1;:a set of switches 43 to 52, inclusive, for governing the connections. of the field magnet windings of the motors with the main auto-transformer winding when the motors are operated as generators; three choke coils 53, 54; .and 55 that are arranged as set forth in Patent No. 834,525, granted October 30, 1906, to the li' estinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, as assignee of Ray P.

Jackson, for the purpose of preventing injurious arcing at the switches 31 to 42, inclusive, when adjusting the connections of the motors with the main auto-transformer winding; three other choke coils 56, 57 and 58 that are similarly arranged and are interposed between the switches 13 to 52, inclusive, and field magnet winding 10; operating or controlling magnet windings 60 for each of said switches; a reversing switch for governing the circuits of the magnet windings of switches 13 to 24, inclusive, the said reversing switch comprising stationary contact terminals 61,, 62 and 63 and movable conducting segments (34 and 65 adapted to be moved into engagement therewith; a master controller for governing the circuits of the remaining operating or controlling magnet windings 60, the said master controller comprising stationary contact terminals 66 to 89, inclusive, a movable conducting segment 90 that, for motor operation, is adapted to engage the said stationary contact terminals upon position-indicating lines a to Z, inclusive, and a movable conducting segment 91 that is adapted to engage the stationary contact terminals upon position-indicating lines a to r; inclusive, in order to cause the motors to operate as generators; a switch 92 interposed in the circuits of the operating or controlling magnet windings of the switches 25 and 2S and having an operating or controlling magnet winding 93 that is connected between one terminal of the motor armature 5 and the neutral point of thechoke coil 55, the said switch closing, and in turn permitting closure of switches 25 and so as to connect the armaturcs 5 and (3 to the neutral point of the choke coil 55, only when the elcctromotive forces generated by said arlnatures is as proximately equal to the voltage of the neutral point of the choke coil an ammcter or other suitable current indicating device 9 1 that is included in series circuit with the armaturcso and (3 when the motors are operated as generators and a battery or other suitable source of energy 95 from which the operating or controlling magnet windings of all of the switches except switch 92 are supplied.

In the operation of the system, the reversing switch is first operated to cause the one or the other of the conducting segments (3% and G5 to engage the corres nmding sta tionary contact terminals, operating or controlling niagnet windings of switches 13, 16, 17, 20, 21 and 241 being energized and causing closure of the said switches for for.- ward direction of rotation 01" the motors, and the magnet windings of switches '14, 15, 18,19, 22 and 23 being energized and causing closure of the said. switches for reverse operation of the motors. The conducting segment 90 of the master controller is then moved into engagement with the corresponding opposite stationary contact fin gers untilthe desired voltage is applied to the motors, the structure and form of the said segment being such that. when it occupics the position a, switch 31 is closed and as it moves through positions 6,0, and cl, switches 32, and 34 are closed successively. As the controller is moved-to succeeding positions, switches 35 to 42, inclusive, close in succession and switches 31 to 88 open in succession. Since terminals of the magnet windings ofthe switches 31 to 42, inclusive, are connected, respectively, to stationary contact terminals 67 to 78, inclusive, of the master controller and also since this portion of the system is fully described in the above-mentioned patent, No. 834,525, the circuits may be readily traced and will be readily understood without further description.

If itis desired to operate the motors as generators when the vehicle upon which the motors are employed is approaching a stop or is coasting or descending a grade, the conducting segment 91 of the master controller should be moved into engagement with the corresponding opposite stationary contact fingers, the reversing switch having first been moved to its oil osition, whereupon a circuit becomes estab ished from one terminal of the battery 95 through stationary contact fingers 6G, conducting segment 91, contact finger 79, and magnet windings of the switches 26, 27, 29 and 30, back to the other terminal of the battery 95, the switches 2G, 27, 2) and being thereby caused to close. By reason of the engagement of 'lhelconducting segment 91 with stationary contact fingers 75, 7G, 71 and 78, switches 39 to 12, inclusive, are caused to close, and by reason of the engagement of the segment 91 with contact finger 80, the switch i3 is also caused to close. Closing the switches 26 and 13 connects the field magnet winding 10 between suitable lmvoltngc points of the main transformer winding 1, andthe clos'in of switches 27, 29 and 30 connects the hold magnet windings 11 and 12 in series relation between the terminals of the armature 4-, the motor comprising armature 4, and field magnet winding 10, thus serving as an cxciier generator for the field magnet windings of the remaining motors. One terminal of each of the magnet windings opt swn'cl'ies 25 and 28 is connected to the stationary contact terminal 79 of the master controller so that when the conducting segn'ient 91 engages therewith, the magnet windings are connected to one terminal. of the battery The circult connecting the said magnet windings to the other terminal of the battery 95 is interrupted when the switch 92 is open, the said swltch being permitted to" close only when the electromotive force generated by the armatures 5 and 6 approximates the voltage between the neutral point of the choke coil 55 and the track rail 3. \Vhen the switch 92 permits the switches 25 and 28 to close, the armatures 5 and 6 become connected to the main auto-trans tormer winding through the choke coils 53, 54 and 55 and the switches 39 to 42, inclusive, the arrangement of the system being then as indicated in Fig. 3. It will be noted that when the master controller occupies the position a, which is the first braking position, and that usuallyoccupied by-the controller when the speed of the motors and the generated voltage are greatest, the ar1ha tures 5 and 6 are connected between high voltage points of the main transformer winding 1, While the fieldlfmagnet winding 10 is connected between low-voltage points. As the speed of the motors decreases with decrease of speed of the vehicle in connection with which they are employed, the conducting segment 91 of the master controller shouldbe moved to the succeeding positions 7), c, (1, etc., so as to maintain the electromotive force generated by the armatures 5 and (.5 approximately equal to the voltage between the neutral point of the choke coil 55 and the track rail 3. As the segment- Ql is moved from position a to position this result is ellected by causing successive clo sure of switches -l:'l to 49, inclusive, and thereby altering the connections between the ifield magnet winding 10 and the main transformer winding 1 to cause an increase. of the voltage applied to the field magnet windlng.

readily traced, since they are all similar and pass directly from one terminal of the hattery 95 through stationary contact finger 36, conducting scgmcnt 9t and contact fingers to 89 inclusive to the said windin s and then back to the other term nal 95. The order of closure of the SWlllCllPS when operating the motors as generators may be readily llflilttHlTOOd from a consideration of the chart of Fig. 2, in which the reference numerals correspond to those of the switches, the rctercncc lctters to the positions of the master controller, and the small circles indicate the switches that are closed in cach'position of the controller.

AH the speed of the motors decreases further, the segment Ell should "be moved through the succcndirig positions /2. to r, inclusive, switch 23% being caused to close and switch 4-?2 being caused to open when the controlicr occupies the posit ion 71., thereby reducing the voltage at the intermediate point oi the choke coil 5.). i the controllcr is moved to positions 2V7] 7c and Z, a balance between the voltage generated by the armaturcs 5 and I; and the voltage at I The circuits of the magnet windings of switches l3 to 52, inclusive, may be switches may also be readily understood from a consideration of the chart of Fig. 2. As the controller is moved from position no to position 1', the switches 4.), 50, 51 and 52 remain closed and the voltage applied to the field magnet winding 10 remains consat-ant, .while switches 35, 3%, 33, 32 and 31 are caused to close in succession, and switches 39, 38, 37, 36 and 35 are caused to open in succession, the voltage of the intermediate point of the choke coil being thereby gradually reduced.

In order that the operation of the motors as gene ators may-cause a uniform retardation of the vehicle upon which the motors are employed, and also in order that a unit'orin load may be maintained upon the motors. the voltage applied to the field magnet winding '10 of the cnciter and the points of connection of the arinatures 5 and 6 to the main transformer winding 1 are so adjusted with respect to each other that the curiiznt supplied by the armatures 5 and G to the tn'ain transformer winding will be maintained substantially constant, and the order of closure of the switches, as indicated by the diagram of Fig. 2, intended to be such as to etfectthis result. In order to provide some indication of the amount ol. current supplied by the armatures 5 and 6 to the main transformer winding 1, an ammeter 9st maybe included in circuit with the said armaturcs.

In Fig. l, the operation of the motors as generators controlled manually by means of the. segment J1 of the master controller, but this inay be done automatiw ally, as in Fig. 4. thus placing the operation of the motors, when running as generators, beyond thecontrol'of the attendant. Many of the reference numerals employed in Fig. l have been applied to similar parts in Fig. 4, and the system has been materially simplified by reducing the number of switches connecting the points of subdivision ot the main transformer winding, andv by -=o1nitting the choke coils to 58, inclusive, which, however, it will usually be fouml desirable to employ in practice. Switches 101 to 105, inclusive, are employed to connect the motors to the main transformer winding for motor opiu'atioi'i, and the kll'l'i'lzlttll'QS 5 and (i to the transformer winding tor generator operatirn, while switches 106 to lit), inclusive, connect the field magnet winding to suitable points of subdivision of the main transformer winding 1 when operating the motor as generators. The switches 101 to 110, inclusive, are provided, respectively, with operating or controlling magnet windings 111 to 120, inclusive, terminals of the magnet windings 111 to 115, inclusive, being connected, respectively, to stationar" contact terminals 121 to 125, inclusive, of a master controller, that comprises also, movable conducting segments 126-and 160 adapted to engage the stationary contact terminals of the controller upon position-indicating lines a to e, inclusive, for motor operation, and a segment 12'? adapted to engage the stationary contact terminals for generator operation. Terminals of each of magnet windings of the switches 25 to 30, inclusive, are connected to contact terminal master controller, and tc-.,-nin

magnet winding 116 to 10, i. isive, are connected to contact iraiminal 129. Switch 92, that is closed only when the voltage generated b he armatures 5 and 6 approximates that of the point of the main transformer winding 1 to whiclrtlic said armatures are to be connected, is interposed, as

n i or each 'in Fig. 1, in circuit with the magnet wind- 'ter controller should then be moved to one of the positions indicated by the lines a to e, inclusive; If the master controller occupies the position a, a clrcuit is established from one terminal of the battery through contact terminal 162 of the master controller, conductingsegmcnt 126, stationarv contact finger 121, operating magnet WilK. ing 111,-contact finger 163, conducting segment 160, terminal 164, and back to the other terminal of the battery 95, the switch 101 being thereby caused to close. As the master controller is moved through the succeeding positions 5 to e, inclusive, switches 102 to 105, inclusive, are closed in succession, and switches 101 to 104, inclusive, open in succession, the circuits established being similar to that just described for the magnet winding 111.

In order to cause the machines to operate as generators and supply current to the transformer winding 1, segment 127 of the master controller should be moved into en- 128 of the k .whereupon switch 108 closes.

stationary contact terminals, the reversing switch having first been moved to its oft position. A circuit is then established from one terminal of the battery 95 through terminal 162, segment 127, terminal 128 and magnet windings of switches 25 to 30, inclusive, it. being understood, however, that the switch 92 interrupts the circuits of the magnet windings of switches 25 and 28, unless the voltage generated b the armatures 5 and 6 approximates that o the point in the transformer winding 1 to which the said armatures are to be connected. A second circuit is also established by way of devices bearing reference characters 95, 162, 127, i 125, 115, 140 and 161., to energize the magby way of devices 116, 146 and 161 to energize the magnet winding 116 and thus elfect closure of the switch 106. Circuits are then established as indicated in Fig. 3, in case the voltage generated by the armatures 5 and 6 approximates that of the point in the transformer winding 1 to which the switch 105 is connected, and also in case the amount of current traversing the arn -ttures 5 and 6 and operating magnet winding 167 for the switch 161 does not exceed a predetermined amount, the switch 161 serving to interrupt the circuits described when the current supplied to the transformer exceeds a predetermined amount.

If both of switches 92 and 161 remain closed, another circuit will be established upon closure of the switch 106 from contact terminal 129 by way of magnet windin 117 and interlocking switch 1 14, switch 107 'being thereby caused to close. If the-.switches 92 and 161 still remain closed, a circuit is established, upon closure of the switch 107, from contact terminal 129 through magnet winding 118 and interlocking switch 147, lVhen the switch'108 closes, a. circuitis established from terminal 124 by way of devices 114, 143,150 and 161, switch 104being closed becauseyof the energization of the magnet winding 114. When the switch 104: closes, a circuit is established from contact terminal 129 by way of devices 119, 151, 141 and 161,

and the switch 109 will thereupon be caused to close. Closure of the switch 109 causes a circuit to be'established by way of devices 123, 113, 142, 15 1 and 161 to ener ze magnet winding 113 and thus cause t e .switch 103 to close. Closure of the switch 103 causes a circuit to be cstablished'by way of devices 129, 120, 155, 137 and 1 61, and the switch 110 is thereupon caused to close, which, in turn, establishes the circuit of ma et winding 112, which circuit includes devices 138iand 158. ivlagne'tiwvinding 112,

' gage'mcnt with the corresponding opposite I when energized, causes closureof the switch ,130

tails the order of closure is such that the field. magnet winding 10 and armatures 5 and 6 connect to such points of the transformer winding 1 that the current supplied to the transformer winding by the armatures 5 and 6 may remain substantially constant and ma not exceed a predetermined amount. This result is effected by means'of a switch 161, which is opened by the magnet winding 167 included in series circuit with the armstures 5 and 6 when the current exceeds a predetermined amount. Vhen the switch 161 is closed, and when the switch 92 is also closed, the switches 101 to 110, inclusive, may close in a. predetermined order without interruption, but when it is open, further operation of the switches 101 to is prevented until the current becomes less than the predetermined amount.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a system of control, the combination with a subdivided transformer winding, and a plurality of dynamoelectric machines hav ing field magnets and armature windings, one machine serving as an cx'citer and having its arn'iature connected to the field magnet windiug of the remaining machines, of means for connecting; the field magnet winding of the exciting machine and the armatures of the remaining machine to the transformer winding, and means fdr automatically so adjusting the points of connection the said parts with the transformer winding that the current supplied to the transformer winding will remain substantially constant,

2. in a system of control, the combination with a subdivided transformer winding, and a plurality of dynamo-electric machines having field magnets and armature windings, one machine serving as an exciter and having its armature connected. to the field magnet winding of the remaining machines, of means for connecting the hold magnet. winding of the exciting machine and the armatures of the remaining machines to such points of the transformer winding that the current supplied to the transformer winding 1 will remain substantially constant. 3. In a system of control, he combination with a subdivided transformer winding, and aplurality of dynamo-electric machines hay ing field magnet and armature windings, one machine serving as an exciter and having its armature connected to the field'm'agnet. Wlnilllg of the remaining machines, of means {for connecting the field magnet Windlug ofthe exciting machine and the arma tures of the remaining machines to such points of the transformer winding that the current supplied to the transformer Winding will remain substantially constant, and means for preventing the said armatures from becoming connected to the transformer winding except when the Voltage generated thereby approximately the same as that of the point in the transformer winding to which it is -to be connected.

a. in a system of control, the combination with a subdivided transformer winding, and a plurality of dynamoelectric machines hav ing field magnet and armature'windings, one machine serving as an exciter and hav ing armature connected to the field magnet winding of the remaining machines, of means for connecting the field magnet winding of the exciting machines and the arma ture of the remaining machine to the trans former winding, means for automatically so adjusting the points of connection of said parts with the transformer winding that the current supplied to the transformer Wind ing will remain substantially constant, and means for preventing the said armatures from becoming connected to the transformer winding except when the voltage generated thereby is approximately the same as that of the point in the transformer winding to which it is to be connected,

in testimony whereof, -Ihave hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of Feb,

l/VILLIAM COOPER.

\Yitnesses W. L. WATERS,

B. B. Hines,

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