USRE12594E - Gnxtxd j jst - Google Patents

Description

.nunwie, HAT SCH EK, or V OGK LABRUOK', AUsrRr' 41 U NGARY- MANUFACTURE s llI llTATlON-STONE" PLATES. sLABs, on TlLES-h Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Beissued Jan. 15, 1907.

Orlgliml No. 769,078, dated August 80, 1904. Application for reissue filed August 20, 1906. Serial No. 331.407.

To all whom, it mal concern:

J- Be it known that .LIJUDWIG Ha'rscnnx, a

subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vocklabruck, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture 'of Imitation-Stone Plates, Slabs, or Tiles ,and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

- clear, and exact description of the invention, 1.

such as will enable-others skilled in the art to -'--which it appertains to make and use the same. i 'This invention relates to the production of artificial-stone plates from hydraulic ';cemente. g Portland cement, Roman ce' merit,- hydraulic'li'me, or like cements which These stone phjgreat resisting power against uences,and' especiallya ainst water and; change of temperature an also against frost and mechanical blows. 1

The-invention is carried into effect by mixset with and under water. plates-have intimately fibrous material-such as asmay, if desired, be caused to receive any prebestos, for examplein the presence of a" great bulk of water with hydraulic cement and by working up thiswatery mixture to plates of the desired thickness in the manner of the process of makin cardboard. The cardboard-like plates 0 tained are then determined shape or appearance. After sometime the product obtained becomes as hard as stone by the setting of the cement. The; mixing of the materials to be employed and the working up of the mixture are preferably carried out n the usual machines for making cardboard or paper, whereby the quantity of water may be evenlarger than in making paper or cardboard.

The process is based, as-I have found, on the fact that in working a hydraulic cement with a large bulk of water and withthe-addition of fibrous material-w. g., asbestos the setting or hardening power of the cement is 1 not destroyed, and the hydraulic eement'ad ded slowly to the well-divided asbestos is intimately associated with the latter, so that no separation takes place, even if the weight of the cement amounts to four to nine times the weight of the asbestos. The water is and remains clear even after a long time. The hydrauliccement of the'mixture seems to swell ,1'1 taking the .appearan'cebff a more or less 1 colloidal, starch, or paste-like mass. These facts explain,=perhaps, that such a mixture 1 an endless can undergo the working on the cardboard machine vithout setting or hardening ,and

u ithout separation of the cement during this process and that in consequence of the layerlike structure of the plates obtained, tl.ey can be subjected to a very high pressure vs itlicut causing any particles of the mass to be pressed out laterally. Only clear water escapes, and the plates retain their original dimensions'apart from the thickness reduced by the'pressure.

' In carrying out the rocess I disintegrate the desired quantity of brous materiale.g., asbestos-in the presence of water in such a way that the single fibers of the material are separated from each other. Then the hydraulic binding I mediume. 'g. hydraulic cement-is added and well intermingled and worked with large quantities of water, whereupon the mixture is immediately worked up. in the usual way of making cardboard by means of cardboard-machines.

contains eighty to ninety percent. of cement with twenty to ten per cent. of fibrous material.

The carrying out of the process may be exlained in a more detailed manner by the folowing example withtheuse of a w ll-known cardboard-machine: Into a mixing and dis integrating machine of about three to five In such a way it is possible to produce an article which.

cubic meters capacity fift kilograms ofasbestos are-introduced. T e asbestos, which is preferably previously disintegrated in an edge-mill, is subjected to the. treatment in the said mixin -machine until it is sufliciently broken upt at is, until the fibers are as much as possible separated. .Then the required proportion of the hydraulic cement' From this vessel the t in paste is i:nmedi-' ately ccnveyed to the cardboard making machine in order to obtain a cardboard-like product. the thin paste containing the asbestos'and hydraulic cement is thus conveyed to or upon The mixture is diluted with five.

- e. 9., about two hundred and fiftykilo ams In the cardboard making machine rotatingporous fabric, through.

' draulic cement intermixed with asbestos'as a frost-proof and of absorbing only very sma proportions of water, so that in using them 'as roo thin layer, which layer is conducted. to a retating roller, on which this layeris taken off from the said endless fabric and rolled-up thereon. Thus a sheet is formed composed of several-superimposed layers, the number 7 of which layers corresponds to the number of rotations of said roller. As soon as the product thus obtained on the roller has reached the desired thickness the same is cut to the tough and strong that those of a thickness of about four millimeters for example, do not crack, even if they fall a distance of three meters and more to the ground. The pistes of 'my invention have the advantage of material for instance, their weight does not materia y increase during moist weather. They areractically. waterproof,

-- and of course fireproo as they contain nothing whatever that is combustible. Unlike slate, they are not brittle. They do not fracture, chi or lit into layers as slatedoes and can e rea 'ly sawed, filed,'and. cut, and

' nails can be driven throu hthem. Also, due

probably to the fact of t eir being in layers, they are elastic. The also show very important difierences an advantages in comarison with slate plates and the plates made om magnesia, 01nd of zinc, or Sorel cement,

I in which oxychlorids of zinc or magnesia constitute the cementing agent, because these substances must be mixed t'o'a plastic condition and can only be applied by spreading with a trowel or similar tool or by forcing .into molds, and the res'ultwhen exposed; to

the weather 'is liable to disintegrate. The

.roduct of the present invention also differs om other art ficial stones from h'draulic cement and-asbestos produced in t e ordi-' nary. way, because when those stones are produced in theordin way they have to be mixed to a mortar-like lastlc' com und mechanicall under con 'tions whic make it. implogsib e to difiuse the asbestos uniformlyt ugh the mass, whereby the roduct instead of beingwell mixed, racti y homogeneous, and ca able of made into thin uniformsmoo sheets hasto be spread with a trowel or similar tool or ap- P H to a core or nettingofwireor some other sustaining material or formed in a mold. v

The product by me produced andapplicable to use for stone plates, slabs, or roofing material, such as tilesor es, is different from any kind of artificial stone that has everheretoforethat .is, by any previous -inventionbeen produced, first, because of its composition,- containing within the limits heretofore stated, say, eighty-five per cent. of hydraulic cement and fifteen per cent. of asbestos, or thereabout, and, secondly, on I account of itsphysical structure, for looking. at any section it will be seen to be made'of layers, two kinds of la ers, or at least la ers which contain chie y asbestos followed by layers in wlrichthe percentage of cement increases. This structure I explain 30 by supposing that as the porous fabric rotates 1n the bath or fluid containing asbestos fiber andcement particles dominating in the water the cement particles begin to pass through it, while the "asbestos .fibers are 5 caught, and the layers of asbestos fibers become dense enough to arrest the cement particles, and after that the layer will be com- Y posed of a mixture of asbestos and cement particles in the proportion in which they 9 exist in the li uid. The first layer of asbestos deposits on the porous fabric acts as a filter and prevents any further passage .of cement through the same, arresting 1t to form the rest of this layer. then be stripped 05 the fabric and carried to the roller, ands-new layer .will be produced on the porous fabric, as before andso on, and the layer that is takenofl the porous fabric will have an under layer of asbestos 9 and a superimposed layer of asbestos and cement. These successive layers being wound up on the roller toa desirable" thick-. ncss-say from one-eighth to one-half of an inch-on examining a section of the stonethese layers can be easil observed. I do not claim to be t 'e first to have made an artificial stone, nor do I claim to be the first to employasbestos and hydraulic cement in ma artificialstonej but I believe myself, I 10 .to be t e first to have hydraulic cement and asbestos in such a condition in such proportions as to result in a product having the structure and tha physical qualities above described, to have made artificial U5 stone of such characteristics that artificial, while waterproof and fireproof and having the advantages of'h, strength,'durabilit and a certain quality of to hness whic enables it to resist strains and ochwhich shatter ordinary brittle slateit can be made and used in sheets* easily cut and sawed into shape and thin 'enou to serve as a substitute fOfWOOdOlI 1 ynailedin lace, swell thefirst'to have ound a moth by which stone can be made insheetsfortheuseful urposespointed'mt.

The-materialsare p, th P em simple, no hand-labor is required until the This layer will e and slatetile for outdoor roofing, .125

sheets are formed, and there is no subsequent expensive treatment, such as drying with intervening soakings with impregnating solutions, the product being simply dried once for all as soon as the sheets are formed.

llaving thus fully described my invention and the best means of carrying the same into e'lieet and applying it t() use, whatl claim,

and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The process of rendering hydraulic cement colloidal, which consists in Work ng the v same with a large bulk of water, that is to say,

gated, whereby the setting ment in the presence of a great bulk'of water, then forming therefrom a ser es of tlun layers of the mixed cement and fibrous material superposed on each other until the required and allowing the material to set or harden.

3. The herein-described process of producing artificial-stone plates, consisting of first in the presence of a great bulk of water, then forming therefrom a series of thin layersof the mixed cement and asbestos superposed on each other until the required thickness is secured, then pressing the same and allowing the material to set or harden, substantially as set forth. l

4. The herein-described process of producing artificial-stone plates, consisting in mixmg fibrous material and hydraulic cement in with which it is ,nnxcd, no separation takesthickness is secured, then pressing the same' mixing asbestos libers and hydraulic cementa bulk of water sutficient to render the cement collo dal, then forming therefrom a serles of thin layers of the mixed cement and 4 fibrous material superposed on each other until the required thickness is secured, then pressing the same and allowing the material to set or harden.

5. The herein-described process of producing artificial plates, consi ting of first mixing fibrous material and hydraulic cement in the presence of a great bulk of water, to render the cement colloidal, then forming therefrom a series of thin layers of the mixed cement and fibrous material so erposed on each other until the required thic mess is secured, then pressing the same and allowing the material to set or harden. i

6. An artificial-stone product consisting of a major proportion of hydraulic cement and a minor proportion of fibrous materialrthe roduct being in layers and elastic, non-brittle and penetrable to nails, that is, capable of being nailed similar to paper building-board or wood, incombustible and water and frost resistant, of hardness, strength and durability, and having a certain quality of t-OllgfilIlQSS which enables it to resist strains and s oeks whieh would shatter ordinary brittle material, such as slate, and the product being, finally, easily cut and sawed into shape and capable of being presented thin enough to serve as a substitute for wooden shingle and slate tile, &c., substantially as described.

7. A product of the invention hereinbefore set forth, being a composition containing hydraulic cement which has been rendered colloidal.

In testimony whereof, I afiix' my signatur in the presence of two witnesses.

LUDWIG HATSCHEK.

Witnesses:

MAX Ennnnzwme, ALvEs'ro S. HooUE.