USRE12530E - Eeisstjed sept - Google Patents

Description

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` H. W. LEONARD. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1906.

1B SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' /NvE/vro H/'s ATTORNEY `1111'1ss111111 SEPT. 11, 1906.

H. W. LEONARD. ELEGTRIGAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.

nw no 5 9.. .l nu N APPLIOATION FILED JULY 2, 190B.

8 SHEETS-SHEBT 3.

INVENTOH myd/Lai BY. L

w/TNESSES H/S ATTORNEY A No. 12,630. Y EEISSUED SEPT. 11, 190e.

- E. w. LEONARD. L

ELECTRICAL GIRGUIT GONTEOLLEE.

uruouzox EILED JULY 2. 190e.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4,

HA?. A TTOHNE Y @REISSUED SEPT. 11.1906.

H. W. LEONARD.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZ, 1906.

s SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Pfg-f2 i /Nl/E/VTOH Hfs' ATTORNEY W/ TNE SSE S No. 12,530. REIssUEE sEET.11,19OO.

1I. W. LEONARD.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1906.

I B SHEETS-SHEET 6.

W/ TNE SSE S H/s ATTORNEY' REISSUED SEPT. 11, 1906.

'I-I. W. LEONARD. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.

APPLIOATION FILED 1111.112, 190s.

a SHEETS-SHEET 7.\

w/T/vEssEs No. 12,530. REISSUED SEPI. 11, 190e.

1I. w. LEONARD.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CCNTECLLEE.

APPLICATION FILD JULY 2, 1906.

B SHEETS-SHEET 8.

W/TNESSES I w )1f/:s ATTORNEY J ris UNITED "PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY WARD LEONARD, OF BRJONXVILLE, YORK.

ELEOTRIOAL-OIROUIT CONTROLLER.

, Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Reissued Sept. 11, 1906.

rginal No. 817,719, dated April 1906. ,Application for reissue led July 2, 1906. Serial No. 324,529

To yall whom it may concern.- Be it knownv that I, HARRY WARD LEON- ARn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bronxville, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a certain newkand useful Improvement in Electrical-Circuit Controllers, of which the fol` lating resistances are used and to prevent their improper operation.. I have found in practice that such rheostats are frequently damaged by holding or permitting the contact-lever to remain on the initial or starting contact or contacts near the same with alll the resistance of therheostat or a considerable portion thereof in circuit. I have also found that operators fre uently close the circuit at the initial or starting contact of the rheostat and then return the lever to the idle position, thus drawing an arc at the initial contact. This also damages the rheostat. I have also found ,that operators sometimes close the main circuit when the resistance-controlling device, which might be used as a regulator, is in an intermediate position. This of course allows an excessive and damaging flow of current. The main object of my invention is to devise a starting rheostat or controller or to provide the controlling improper handling of such rheostats. I have devised many ways for carrying out this object, both mechanically and electricall Inorder to prevent the burning at t e initialy contact of the rheostat, due 'to the closing of thecircuit upon insufficient surface or due to the backward movement of the contact-legresent t pe of rheostats with a ver after making "the first contact', which results qin the formation off an arc due to the full electromotive force and one hundred and fifty per cent. of thev full `torque current, (when the motor has no counter electromotive force,) the rheostat .should be provided with an auxiliary switchiby which the circuit evice W 1ch will prevent this tion or denergization of a magnet to is quickly'closed upon an ample surface and which switch will open the circuit With a snap action when the contact-lever is returned to the initial" position. This auxiliary switch should be beyond direct hand control in opening and may be mechanically or electrically controlled by the rheostat contactlever or controlling-switch.

In one form the rheostat contact-lever may be arranged to start afspring-actuated auxiliary switch which closes or opens with a` snap action when the rheostat contact-lever is moved forward or backward at the starting position. In some instances this vswitch may be a small one which either opens or i closes another circuit, and thereby energizes a large quick-acting circuit-breaker. In such an arrangement the small switch need not be quick acting if it opens or closes the circuit to the coil of an automatic circuitbreaker whose current is very small-as, for

i Without resistance, in series therewith. In

other arrangements the auxiliary switch may be of various forms', preferably a spring-actuated'electrically-controlled switch of the automatic circuit-breaker type, the action of which is controlledby the variations in or the opening or closure of a circuit controlled by the position of the rheostat-lever.

In order to obtain quick action of the auxiliary switchl at the time of making or breaking contact, it is important to suddenly apply a force or suddenly make a force effective at its full value to control its` movement, and iucarrying my invention into practice this may be accomplished by using a mechanical hammer-blow device, a tripping device, so as to cause a spring or gravity to act suddenly and at its full force, or by the energias.-

ive the resultin quick action to the switch moved' there y.

My invention includes various other improvements and advantages, which will be understoodufroin the following description and accompanying drawings.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-` n Fi ure 1 is a plan `view of a rheostat provided. .with an auxiliary Iswitch, having` a spring-actuated hammer arran ed to y be stat contact-lever. Flg. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a similar form of rheostat pro-v roo 55. 'contact a arm 11, through 1ts engagement with the left arm of hammer D,gswingsthe' /lf'r'ammer on its vided with an overload-switch the closure of which is also controlled by the movement of the rheostat-lever in one direction. Fig. 3 is a dia rammatic view of a modified form of control er Vin which the auxiliar load switches are mechanically independent of the rheostat-lever. Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 are modifications of the arrangement of Fig. 3. Figs. 8, 9, and Il() are diagrammatic illustra-f tions of another form in which the initial movement of the rheostat-lever controls a loop-circuitncontaining a solenoid,- which in turn controls 'one coll of a circuit-'breaker employed with the rheostat. Figs. 11 and 12 are diagrammatic illustrations of an arrangement in whichthe auxiliary switch is electromechanically operated. Figs. 13 to lS are diagrammatic views of modlfications', and 19 and 20 are perspective views indicating the construction of certain arts. Referring to Fig. 1,A is a suitable ase provided with a series of contacts a, to which the sections of the resistance a (shown in dotted lines) are connected. This resistance, it will be understood, is arranged in an suitable manner beneath the base A or wit in a case of which Ay is the cover, .and the sections of the resistance will be insulated from each other and in'some instances provided with means for absorbing the heat lenergy developed therein. B is a switch in the form of a rheostat contact-lever pivoted on base A and whose short end is arrangedto actuate thea'uxiliary switch. The auxiliary switch comprises two stationary contacts vc; c', a switch C, and an operating-hammer D, said switch and hammer being pivoted upon a stud di Switch C is provided'with a short arm having a pin .02, which projects into a slot d in hammer D. The hammer is rovided ewith a second -slt d, through W 'ch rejects a stationary pin da, secured to the 'Vase-plate. To the latter pin and pin d* at the lower 'end of the hammer is secured a coiled lsprin' d5, the function 'of which is to throw the ammer with a snap action to either side of a central position when moved bg the arm b, and when thrown by the spring hammer delivers a blow upon pin c2,

which results in thel switch being rapidly' moved injeither direction. In the position shown the auxiliary switch is open and lever B is in the idle or open-circuit osition. To

'start motor M, l'ever B is nfove' to the right,

and in moving to thev first or initial resist-ancepi'vot. Pin d being stationary, spring d5 will` be placed under increased tension during 'dt asses th'e center of equilibrium 's ring d5 wi lthrow the hammer to the vldott'ed'- irre-.position, and in doin so 'a blow will b'e 1mpated to the swit'c as above stated, and 'effect its closure. When the contact-lever B not shown .as

-er'ates with an armature this movement, and as pinA is returned to the starting position, its arm will engage the right arm of the hammer when the lever moves from the initial contact a and throw the same in the opposite diare preferably curved split springs of phosp hor-bronze, onebeing secured edgewise'to each contact c and c', and the pins are of copper and project from switch C. The s rings are curved, so that they will be normal y out 'of contact with the pins when the switch is closed. During the closing movement the pins engage the springs before the blade C' enters contacts c and c', and in the opening movement the pins engage the spring ]ust as the blade C is about to leave its contacts.

find that phosphor springs and copper pins or, plates make good arc-breaking contacts,

and by arranging these contacts so that they are in engagement only during the interval stated the movement of switch C is not materially retarded thereby.

The rheostat shown in Fig. 1 may be em-A ployed both 'as a starting or a regulating rhe'ostat, and for that reason contact-lever B is rovided with a retractin'gspring, as vu'sua I prefer, however, to provide starting-rheostats with a retractingspring, so thatshould the operator attempt to leave the contact-lever at the initial or starting position or 'at any intermediate position the spring will return it to the idle position, and in doingxso the arm b will operate the auxiliary switc In Fig. 2 the principle cf Fig. 1 is applied to a startingerheostat.provided also with an underload or no-voltage release magnet and an overload-switch. In this figure parts similarA to' those' of Fig. 1 are indicated by the same reference letters. The underload release magnet is of the usual construction and copifv'oted on lever B TheI IOO

ITO

overload-switch E is arranged as .a knifef switch bridging two stationary contacts and is heldin the closed positionagainst spring tension by avlatch which is arranged to be tripped by the movement of a core or lun- 'er moving within a coil, asis now we l unerstood. Theverlcad-switch blade has an arm e, whichI rejects into the path of movement 'of arm on 'contact-lever B and is arranged so that switch E will` be closed (if open) immediately after switch C is opened by the backward movement of lever B to the idle position. LThe switchE can therefore be closed only when the arm B is in a protective and to the motoror other translating device M will then he by way of wire 1 and lever B. lf an overload occurs during the operation of lever B," switch E will open and lever B must be returned to the starting position to close it again by means of arm b. If an overload occurs after lever B is in the final position, switch E will open and the underload-magnet will become` dcenergized and release lever B,

which by means of its retracting-spring will bel driven `back to its idle position, and in doing so switch C will be opened andswitch E will be closed. In returning lever B to the final position arm b will again close switch C. 1f

an abnormal drop in voltageexists when le-` ver B reaches the final position or occurs afi ter it .reaches that position, magnet F will not hold the lever against its spring, and hence that lever will return to its idle position and open switch C. From this description of Fig. 2 it'will be seen that to vmaintain switch C closed under normal conditions lever B must be in its nal position and held by. magnet F; otherwise unless held against the tension of its spring by the operator the lever will returntoits idlelposition and cause the opening offthe circuit.` It will also be seen that,

like thearrangement in Fig. 1, `lever B cannot be `movedback. and forth at the startingpoint without opening or closing the circuit at the auxiliary switch C. 1

In Figs and 4 the movement of the rheostat-lever vcontrols acoil which actuates a plunger totrip a s ring-actuated ,switch and whichswitch may e one elementof a doublepole circuit-breaker. ,In these `-figures the parts corresponding to those.' already described in connection with Figs. `1 and 2 are indicated by thesame reference-letters.

The auxiliary switch of Figs. 3 and 4 is an automatic circuit-breaker of the t e shown in 'the patent rto Leonard and n all, No. 705,102,1dated July 22, 1902,. In Figi', G andl G are independently-movable switches cooperating with stationary contacts between which is connected an overload-coil H, said switches and c oil being connected in series between conductor P and the contactvlever B. The `contact-lever carries a switch B of the leaf-contact type, which brid es two stationary contacts and when t e lever is in the final position. connected by a wire with the upper contact of switch G, and contact is connected by a wire with the final contact a of the resistance,

cuit.

AContact a; is`

so that while lever B is at the initial or any intermediate point the circuit to the armature of motor M Vfrom switch G will be through lever B and resistance c to contact the motor-armature being connected between the latter contact and conductor N. The field of M is connected in series with underload-magnet F between the initial contact a and `conductor N, the field and armature windings being in'shunt relation. It

willbe seen that when lever B is in the final position the armature-circuit of the motor will be through switch B, which makes very intimate contact at and x', theresistance being shunted outoffthe armature-circuit. With motor-starting rheostats it has been customary `to provide spring contactclips for the rheostat-lever at the final position, as show-n in Fig. 2-to afford good contact and prevent heating, -whichwould happen if a contact-button were employed for the final contact. With these' spring-clip contacts, however, `I have found it necessary to employ a hammer-blow device for the contact-lever to start the same when an automatic release is provided to control the cir- With a leaf-contact switch, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, a hammer-blow device is not necessary," The spring-brush affords good contact, and no undue heating occurs, and when the automatic release responds to abnormal conditions in the circuit the action of the leaf-contact assists the spring of the contact-lever to return it to the starting po-l sition. Switch G in this form servesas the auxiliary switch, and its opening movement in response to the backward movement of the contact-lever at the initialposition is controlled by fine-wire coil H', whichis connected between conductor N and a stationary sprin contact 0c?, which makes contactwith leveriUB while in the initial position.A The effect of this connection'is to cause coil HV to become energized and actuateits core orplunger, which when raised trips the catch which holds switch G closed and allows that` switch to open,` thus opening the circuit to therheostat and motor. By reference to Fig. 3 it will be` seen that sol longas contact-,lever B IIO lever B, which breaks the connection at contact rc2, or switch G is closed before lever4 B is moved and held until the latter is moved to the first resistance-contact a or switch G is first closed. Then lever B is moved to the first resistance-contact, breaking at a, and

then switch G is closed. If the operator returns lever B after'the initial movement, the circuit will immediately be opened at switch referred to.

G -Witha quick snap action, thusp'reven'ting thedrawing of an arc. In Figs-Band 4 the iirst resistance-contact a is connected by a wire with theinitial contact, so that the-circuit is never opened at the rheostat; but theA resistance can never remain incircuit while the lever is in its initial position. In this form lever B is provided with't'he usual ree tracting-spring for returning'itA tothe starting or initial position. It will -be -noticed that in Fig. 3 switchesG andaG arelocated in the same side of the circuit, while in Fig. .4

they are'in o posite-sidesof the-circuit, thus.

providing a oublepole' switch. This.isthe onl Adifference -between Figs. .Band 4. In eac of these f i ureswhenthe plunger of coil H is raised thee atches holding switches Gand G .will both 'be .trip ed, as is'customary-.in double-pole `circuit case in the Leonard .and .Ball patent-above The construction f of a oted ypart g` and .eachEpart having ;a .handle ormanual closin 1 ach/part g has afprojectionvg, adapte vto be engaged by a latch 2 for holding the switch-in a c osedposition.

heflatches g2 of both-switches arefcontrolled byz'the coil AHand its corefh. When the core is raised, dueto the-large'current passing in coil H, bothllatches will be-trip ed by reason of' the c arossfpiecefhlll venga ing the extensions gaga, connectedzto the latces. Theswitches willthen be o ened, las bythe force of springs 5i* and vthere s-gfg'sin'ce the latter-:aredrawn outward iby .the itension of the-springs, and

nectedto anintermediategpointin'. the circuit whichewould A operate thep give suiiiciently' high voltagef'to u ngery ofcoil H Fig. 13 illus- .trates one such. modification, bein ysimilar to Fig-f4 exceptathat one endofcoi .isconnected tqapointin'thef series c`f:ress tances. :In this casel the vcoilfdepends foriits: operation upon the drop in electrornotive E'force-.onel

portion ofthe=rcsistancey l Referringnow to Fi .(5, it willfbe seen, that switc esGG and coil? A are connectedin-circuit 1n thesame -manner as .in Fig. '4; but high-resistance coil '1H' fis 5 connected across circuit P N in series-Witha high resistance. A thermostatic switch' T.is` connected across the terminals oifcoill H', sothat when contact isfmade. at the platinumpoints. coil :Hawill-'be shortfcircuited and its vcore or 'plunger `will 6 5' drop, tripping thelatch'which olds switch reakers and Vas .is the 'tire resistance oftthelrheostat. 'the resistance a causesfheatcr T tofheat up,

suitable automatic switch is indicated in Fig. 19. Hei-eeach switch'G Gr is shown 'ascarried by=thepiv` G and permitting its spring to throw it open; To:-actuate thermal strip T, I provide a small electric heater T Which may be a pottery` tubefhavingy a resistance wound thereon, as shown in my patent N o. 691,949, dated J anuary 28, 1902. This heater is connected aroundall or part of the resistance of therheostat,as shown, and it will be seen that since the heater-.When lever .B remainson the initialfrheostat-contact will be in the` armaturecircuit ofthe 4motor M acrossthe line P N its temperature will rise rapidly, causing thermal switch T-to. short-circuit coil H andopen the circuitbetween the rheostat+lever Bandconductor P. j

In operating the controller of Fi .''the operatorrstcloses switches G andand-wlll seethatthecore or lun er of fine-.wire coil'H israised into the coil? Tlie closure of switches AGr and GQ gives a fulllfield to motor M and closes lthe :armature-,circuit -throu h 4the en- T e drop yon and ifllever Bisallowed toremain-intheiim- "iti-al position theheat of T willinapredeterminable 1 time cause :the thermostatic `switch T. to close the vshuntaround .coil .-H, thus.- demagnetizing that coil, .whereupon its core vdrops and trips the'latchwhichholds switch G closed. The movement of 4switch G through its lactuating-spring opens 'the .circuit'lto -the'rnotor and rheostat. An'overload-current will. cause coil^H=to raiseits core and trip 'the Vlatches holding both switches. If an abnormally low or 11o-volta e condition exists, coil H will be too weak to' o ld its core and sWitchG .Willbe opened. Anarrangement or the .parts for such-anoperation of Aswitches G G isindi cated4 in Fig. 20, Vwhich is similarto Fi 19, except that the artsare so arranged t at the allingcf core causes Athe o enin -of switch G instead'ofthe-raisi foi? core The crosspiece ht of core h. in fa lin will enga e theextension ggf connected' to tch g2, an cause the latchl to: be. moved so thatthe-switch G. will-beopene'ri.

TOO

'Various arrangements. might =be -devised yfor heating the switch Twhen currentfloiws through lthe resistance, and the switch T l,

mightoauselthecoil H tobefdenergized in ctherways. .In Fig. .lilhave shownswitch T. in proximity Yto .a partG oiv the resistance a.

lwhichzresistance will serve to heatlthe switch if: the. arm B- is'held in position oni` the-resistance contacts .an objectionable 'length of time. lIn thisiigureitheswitch T is shownin seriesawith coilH `and; is adapted to .openthe shunting the same, as iin ithecase of Fi-g. y 5. Anothenmotliiicationis-'shownein Fig. l5, in

which ith-e thermostaticcontrolling-switch iT 'circuitrofthiscoil 'When heatedinst-eadof will cause the thermostatic switch T tobey s heated to such a degree that it will move and ance-controlling arm is infinal force the insulated conductor k to engage the contacts lc' and short-circuit coil H. The coil H is thus demagnetized, and the dropping of its core will cause the main circuit toy be opened at switch G'. When the resistosition, the thermostatic switch is cutout o circuit.

yInstead of thermal strip T forscontrolling the action' offcoil H' a resistance T, of iron, nickel, or other material having a high temperature coeflicient might be connected in series with coil H across the line, as shown in F ig.v 6. In the arrangement of this figure the circuit through coil His closed by the closin of switch G', and when the rheostat-lever is moved to engage the initial resistance-contact the motor will start and begin to accelerate. After being held there a proper length of time the lever will be moved along, the starting resistance-contacts thereby disconnecting the initial resistance-contact: from the first contact which originally actuated coil H', and this coil is then placed in series with the resistance T2. If the rheostat-arm Bis left for an improper length of time on the starting resistance-contacts, the magnetism of coil H', due to the gradual increase in rei sistance OLT'l on account of being heated by resistance a in close proximity to it, `would gradually become less as the time interval increased and in a predeterminable time the core or plunger ofthatcoil would dnop and trip the catch which holds switch G. closed, whereupon that switch would open. A11- other modification of this ideais shown in Fig. 7, inwhch a resistance T'-, .which may be Y mounted on a pottery tube, as in Fig. 5, is

placed inside of a second pottery tube carry..-

ing a resistance T2, of iron, nickel, or other material having a hightemperature coefficient. In this arrangement coil H" and resistance T2 are connected in series across the line, and heater T' is connected in a shunt' around the resistance a of the rheostat, asin Fig. 5 and for the samepurpose. Instead of separating the resistances T' and T they might be arranged upon `the same support.

the action o'f T' and Tz and H in the a1'- rangement .of Figs. 3, 4, and 7 might be devised without departing from the main feature of my invention. In Figs`.'8 and 9 the coil H is controlled b y an automatic switch. In Fig. 8 this coil 1s "closes the shunt around coil'H'.

connected across the circuit in series with the automatic switch and a resistance, while in Fig. 9 `the coil and automatic switch are connected in series with the rheostat. The automatic switch is preferably a doublearm switch S and s, ivoted on a common pivot and provided with a spring tendin' to throw, them toward each other. Switc S makes contact with a sprin -cli connected with coil H and which clip ol s it in osition while arm s makes contact with a utton connected to conductor N. This arm is held by a latch s', which is tripped by the action. of the core or plunger of. coil S. Arm s is not provided with an operating-handle and is arranged to be moved onto its contact by arm S. The coil S for controlling this switch is connected across the first resistancerheostat-contact. Although no, means is indicated in Figs. 8 and-9 for holding the arm B in. final position, it will be understood that when the arm is spring-actuated, as4

shown, some form of retaining means may be employed which is adapted to release the arm upon the occurrence of no voltage. It

will be noted that the starter of Figs. 8 and 9 hasno open -circuit point. ATo start the motor or other translating device, the operatoi' first `closes switch G, then switch-arms S and s are closed, and then the o erator holds down the plunger of coil S' -an closes switch (Er.` It will be seen that when this is done the circuit connections will be as indicated, that coil S is energized, and that if the operator permits lever B to remain on the initial or blind contact and lets o of the plun er of coil S that lunger Wil Arelease switc -arm s and o ent e circuit ofl coil H', which in turn will rop its plun er and efect the o ening of switch G' and t e circuit to the r eostat and translatin device. If the operator moves lever B to its final position,

' as he should do, it will be seen lthat the cir.-

'cuit to coil S 4is opened the instant lever B leaves the initial contact and that switcharm s will remain locked until lever B is returned to its initial position, whereupon coil S', becoming energized, will act as above stated. After lever B is moved from its initial position the rheostat and translatin device will be protected against abnorma conditions in the circuit by switches G and G'. Instead of connecting the auxiliary llo switch of Figs. 8 and 9, as shown, it might be arranged to close a normally open shunt This'is shown in Fi 16. When current passes throu h' the coil i', its Core is raised and the switc carriedthe'reby Itsi core then drops and opens switch G. The switch and coil might be arranged as a time, switch by placing an iron or nickel resistance between the initial and first resistance-contacts of the rheostat, so that coil S" will be ance and motor armature.

connected as a shunty to an initial resistance l cut out of circuit and spring dfv will hold step of variable resistance, which in this case would act automatically to increase its resistance duc to its high-temperature coefficient and send an increasin current throu h coil S. This is illustrate in Fig. 17, t e resistance T2 having a high temperature coeflicient. When redeterminable current passes through coil and raises its core, the switch in the circuit of coil H is opened. Instead of such a resistance a time fuse might be employed, which when fused would cause thecurrent to flow throu h S. This modification is shown in Fig. 18, 1n which the time fuse is indicated at F between the first two contacts and is fused after carrying the starting-current a predetermined length of time. A still further modification is shown in Fig. 10, where coil S is connected as a shunt on the entire or part of rheostat resistance a in series with a carbon resistance s2 or other material of'negative. temperature coeflicient. In such an arrangement whenthe carbon becomes heated current will flow in the shunt and actuate coil S to release its switch and open or close a circuit, as above explained, to control coil H', which ma be connected in either of the Ways suggeste In Fig. 11 I have shown an electromechanically-operated auxiliary switch the action of which is governed by the movements of the rheostat-lever at its starting position. C is a pivoted knife switch-blade c c,.contact jaws, as in Fi s. 1 and 2. D is the' actuating-hammer, w ich in -this instance is started by solenoids O and O', whose cores areconnected to the arms of the hammer, and d5 is the spring for throwing vthe hammer after it passes the center of equilibrium, although in this arran ement the spring might be dispensed with since the movement of the cores will be very rapid and move Awith increasing speed The circuit connections are from conductor P to switch C, to lever B, resistance a and motor M to conductor N, the field M be-V ing in a shunt from lever B around the resist- Coils O and 0 are connected in shunt relation between contacts o and o and conductors P and N. Contacts o and o are located adjacent to the first and second rheostat-contacts a, respectively', so that in the initial position lever B will bridge the first contact a and contact o, and in the second position contact o and the second contact a will bebridged. The effect of this is' to connect either coil O or O in circuit, and, as shown, coil 0 is in circuit and its core is drawn down and hammer D is tilted to the right, closing switch C. If lever B lis returned to its initial position, coil O will be cut out and coil O cut in, thus actuating the core of the latter to throw the hammer to the left and open switch C. When lever B is moved to its final position, both coils will be A modification of this switch C in position.

Here only arrangement is shown in Fig. 12.

one coil O2 .is emplo ed, and this coil is connected between con uctor P and a contact 02, with which the insulated short arm bz of lever B makes contact when in contact with any of the rheostat-contacts a, from the second to the final contacts, but not when in contact with the initial contact.' Switch C (shown as a brush-switch) is provided with a rod Z, which breaks-the arc on carbon contacts z. 'This switch is mounted on a vertically-sliding rod z2, provided at its upper end with a stirrup z3, within which works a foot 03, secured to the lower end of rod o,

rejecting from the core or plunger ofcoil O2.

he vertically-sliding rods zl and o4 work in suitable ides, and the lower end of rod zis rectan u ar and works in a correspondinglyshape bearing to hold switch C in alinement with its stationary contacts. Fig. 12, the rheostat-lever B'is in its second position and the circuit to coil O2 is closed 'and its core is drawn up and switch C is closed. If now the operator returns lever B to the initial position, coil O2 will become demagnetized and its plunger will drop, striking a blow to the stirrup, the force of which and the tension of the brush-switch will drive the switch downward and open the circuit to the rheostat and motor. When lever B is moved' forward, closing Ythe circuit again at contact o2, the plunger of coil O2 will rise and through the enga ement of foot o3 andV stir- I'up z3 switch C wil be closed.

It will be noted that I have indicated a mo- 'tor M in the drawings having a shunt field- As shown in selves, giving a closed circuit for the fielddischarge.

In various structures shown and described when the automatic switch is opened through the movement of the resistance-controlling element this element must be in such a position that substantiallyy all of the resistance is in circuit. This insures the interrupting of a current which cannot exceed a certain amount, which amount is dependent upon In the vform shown the resistancemeans7 in the claims it will be' understood open t thalt this includes indirect as well as direct contro It is evident that my invention may be embodied in various forms of construction and that I am not limited in the scope thereof eX- cept as indicated in the claims.

1. The combination with a rehostat, of a4 rate switch, a device for causing a force to be A suddenly applied -at its full strength and therebactuate said switch to either close or e circuit, said switch and its operating device being capable of independentV movement, and an arm on the rheostat contact-lever arranged to engage said device at a predetermined point in the forward yor backward movement of the lever.

3. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat, means for controlling said switch comprising a hammer-blow device, and means on said contact-lever for controlling the movement of said hammerblow device.

4. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat comprising stationary contacts and a pivoted'switch-blade, an actuating device for said switchblade comprising a pivoted hammer. and a spring for moving the same, said hammer having a movement independent of the switch-blade, and means whereby the movement of said actuating device is controlled by the rheostatlever.

5. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat comprising stationary contacts and a pivoted switch-blade, an actuating device for4 said switch-blade comprising a pivoted hammer and a spring for moving the same, said hammer having-a movement independent of the switch-blade, and means on said contact-lever for engaging said hammerto start it in movement at a predetermined position ofthe contact-lever.

6. The combmation with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat comprising stationary contacts, a pivoted sw1tch-blade,-

auxiliary spring-metal contacts on each of the said stationary contacts and pins on' said switch-blade for making contact with said s ring, an actuating device for said switchb ade comprising a pivoted hammer and a spring for moving said hammer and having a movement independent of the switch-blade, and means whereby the movement-of said actuating device is controlled by the rheostat-lever.

7. The combination with a rheostat, of a switch, a spring-actuated hammer for operating same, and means engaged by the rheostat-lever at the starting position to start said hammer and effect the closing or opening of the switchas said lever is moved forward or backward. n

8. The combination with a rheostat, of a switch, an actuating device therefor, means whereby said switch is closed oropened by the forward. or backward movement of the rheostat-lever at the starting position, and an automatic switch responsive to abnormal conditions in the circuit, arranged to be moved in one direction by said lever.

9. The combination with a rheostat, of a switch, an actuating device therefor, means whereby said switch is closed or opened by the forward or backward movement of the rheostat-lever at the starting position, and an automatic switch responsiveto abnormal conditions in the circuit, said two switches being arranged for successive operation by' said lever to close the circuit.

10. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a separate switch, a device for actuating said lswitch to either close or open the circuit,said switch and its o erating device being capable of indepen ent movement, an arm on the rheostat contactlever for operating said actuating device, and an electroresponsive device responding to abnormal conditions in the circuit to open the rheostat-circuit.

' 11. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a separate switch, a device for actuating said switch to either close or open the circuit, said switch and its operating'device being capable of independent movement, an arm on the rheostat contactlever for operating said actuating device, an automatic switch controlled by an electrores onsive device responding to abnormal condlitions in the circuit, and means' whereby said automatic switch is closed, by the movement of the rheostat-lever toward thestarting position.

12. The combination with a rheostat and aspring-actuated contact-lever therefor, pf an independent switch, means whereby said switch is closed and opened respectively through the forward and backward movement of the contact-lever, an electromagnetfor holding said contact-lever in its final position, an automatic switch, an electroresponsive device controlling the opening movement of said second switch, -and means whereby said second switch is closed by the backward movement of the contact-lever.

13. rlfhe combination with a rheostat and IOU IIO

a spring-.actuated contact-lever therefor, loi a troresponsive -device for automatically releasing the contact-lever and permitting its return to the starting position under abnormal conditions in the circuit.

14. The combination of a hand-operated electric switch, a switch series therewith, and lmechanical means caused to act-by the movement of said hand-operated switch for suddenly applying a force at its full strength and thereby cause the movement of said second switch. l

15. The combination with a rheostat having a contact-lever for controlling the resista-nce, of a switch in series therewithhmeans for automaticallyv moving said switch to the closed position, means operated by the movement of `the contact-lever for controlling the closing movement ofsaid switch, an electroresponsive device responding tooverload, a second switch whose opening movement is controlled by said device, and means for closing said second switch through the movement of the rheostat contact-lever.

v16. The combination with a rheostat and its contact-lever, of a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat, means for controlling sald switch comprising `a hammerblow device,I and means whereby the movement of said device 'is controlled mechanically Aby said rheostat-lever.

17..- The combinatlon'of a resistance hav-ing a movable element adapted to control said resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit to said resistance, means for controlling said switch having a movement independent of the switch, and means controlled by said movable element for causing the movement of said first-named means to thereby lcause a force to be suddenly made effective at its full .strength to move said switch.

18. The combination with a rheostat having a movable element for. controlling the resistance, of a switch in series therewith, and means controlled by theJ movement of said movable element for causing a'force to be suddenly made effective at its full strength for .controlling the closing and opening move-'- ment of said switch. i

19. The combination with a rheostat having a movable element for controlling vthe resistance, of an automatic switch in series therewith, means operated by the movement of said element for controlling the automatic y closing and automatic opening of said switch, and an electroresponsive device responding to overloadto protect the circuit under all operating conditions.

2.0. 'The combination witlra supply-circuit,

of Aa resistance having a movable element for varying said resistance, a switch in series therewith, means for controlling the openin of said switch, said means being controlle by said movable element, and means for controlling the opening of said circuit upon the occurrence of overload, said overload means comprising an additional electromagnetic switch. 21 The combination with a supply-circuit, of a resistance having a movable element lfor varying said resistance, .a' switch in series therewith., means for controlling the closing and opening of said switch, said means being controlled by said movable lelement whereby said .switch is closed when said element :is moved in a direction to reduce said resistance and opened when moved in a direction to increase said resistance, and means responding' to overload ,and no voltage for controlling the opening of said circuit, saidoverload means being :effective independently of lthe position of said element.

22. The combination with a supply-circuit, of a resistance having a movable element -or varying said resistance, a switch in series therewith, means for controlling the opening of said switch, said means being controlled by said movable element, a second series switch, .and means for :controlling the opening of said second switch upon the occurrence of overload. l

23. The combination with a supply-circuit, of a resistance having a movable element for varying said resistance, a switch in series therewith, means for controlling the opening of said switch, said means being con-trolled by said movable element, a second series switch, means for closing said second switch by ,the movement of said movable element, and means for opening said second switch upon the occurrence of abnormal conditions in the circuit.

24. The combination w-ith a supply-circuit, of a resistance having a movable element for varying said resistance, .a sw-itch in series therewith, means -for controlling the opening of said switch, said means being controlled by saidl movable element, a second series switch, means for controlli-ng the closing of said second switch by the-movement of said movable element, means for controlling the opening of said second switch upon the occurrence of overload, and means for controlling the opening of said circuit upon the occurrence of no voltage.

25. The combination-of a resistance having a movable element adapted to vary said resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit "to -said resistance, means for controlling the automatic closing 'and opening of said switch, said means .comprising a movable partcontrolled by said movable element ,and having a movement independent'of the movement of said switch, and means for controlling the opening of said circuit upon the occurrence of overload. 26. The combination of a resistance having a movable element adapted to vary said resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit to said resistance7 means for controlling the opening of said switch, said means comprising a movable part controlled by said movable element at the initial position of said element and having a movement independent of said switch, and means for controlling the opening of said circuit upon the occurrence of' no voltage.

27. The combination of a resistance having a movable element adapted to vary said resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit to said resistance, means for controlling the i opening of said switch, said means comprisinga movable part controlled by said movable element at the initial position of said element and having a movement independent of the movement of said switch, and means responsive to overload and to no voltage forcontrolling the opening of said circuit.

28. The combination of a resistance having a movable element adapted to vary said resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit to said resistance, means for controlling the opening of said switch, said means comprising a movable part controlled by said mov- -able element and having a movement independent of said switch, a second switch, means for controlling the closing of said second switch by the movement of said movable ele-- ment, and means for controlling the opening of said second switch upon the occurrence of abnormal conditions in thecircuit.

29. The combination of a supply-circuit, a resistance having a movable element adapted to vary said resistance, a switchffor controlling the circuit tosaid resistance,means for controlling the opening of said switch,`

said means comprising a movable part con-` trolled by said movable element and having a \movement independent of the movement of said switch, a second'switch, means for controlling the closing of said second switch by `an'ielectroresponsive means for controlling the opening of saidcircuit upon the occury n rence Iofoverload.

The combination of arheostathaving i a movable element, for controlling the resistthe resistance in circuit can be varied from a certain minimum to a certain maximum, a A

circuit-opening automatic switch in series with said resistance, means for controlling the automatic opening of said switch when the'movable element is moved to a certain position and t o cause said switch to interrupt the current through said element when substantially all of said resistance is in circuit, and means responsive to a predeterminable rmaximum energy in the circuit for effecting the opening of the circuit.

33. The combination of a resistance, an element for controlling'said resistancebut which cannot open the circuit in which said resistance is connected, a circuit-opening switch in serie/s with said resistance, mea-ns forvcontrolling the automatic o ening of said switch when the said control ing element is in position to insert substantially all of said resistance, and means for protecting the circuit upon the occurrence o no voltage and upon the occurrence of overload-current.

34. The combination of a motor having a shunt field-winding, an automaticY switch for controlling the current to both the armature and field-winding of said armature, a resistance in the armature-circuit of said motor, a hand-operated device for controlling the amount of said resistance in the armature-circuit, means-for controlling Vthe'a'utomatic opening of said automatic switch so as to IOCl open the circuit when thesaid device is in Va certain position so as to interrupt the current through said device when substantially all of said resistance is in circuit, and means for protecting the armature-.circuitu on the occurrence ,of no-voltage and over oad conditions. l A

- 35. The combination of a supply-circuit, a resistance having a movable element for vary- `ing said resistance, a switch in series therewith, means for controlling the closing and i ing of said circuit upon the occurrence of over- `load.

mallyrestraining said movable element and for releasing the same upon the occurrence of an abnormal condition, and meansfunctionally relating the said circuit-breaker and movable element whereby the circuit-breaker is closed only when there is protective amount of resistance in circuit.

37. The combination of a motor-controlling resistance, a movable element for varying the amount of said resistance in circuit,

' an automatic switch in series therewith, said switch and movable element being functionally related, and a, second automatic switch iii series therewith for automatically protecting the circuit upon the occurrence of abnormal conditions.

38. The combination of a motor-controlling resistance, a movable element forvaryvas ing the amount of said resistance in circuit, an automatic switch in series therewith, said switch and said movable\element being functionally related for opening and closing said switch so that the said switch will establish and interrupt `the current through said movable element when substantially all of said resistance is in circuit, means for protecting the circuit upon the occurrence of no voltage and means for protecting the circuit upon the occurrence of overload.

39. The combinationwith a motor-rheostat having a movable element' for controlling the resistance, two automatic switches in series with each other and with said rheostat, and means for controlling the closing movement of at least one of said switcheswhereby the movable element must be in a protective position when saidautomatic switch or switches are closed. f Y

40, The combination of a'resistance, a contact device for varying said resistance, an auxiliary quick-acting switch in series therewith forv opening the circuit functionally related to said contact device, a magnetic circuit-breaker for opening the circuit upon the occurrence of an abnormal condition'of the circuit' com rising an additional electromagnetic switc in series with said resistance,

' and means whereby the closing of the circuitbreaker when the resistance is in a non-protective condition is avoided.

41. t The combination with asupply-circuit, vof Va resistance, means for varyin said resist'- ance, a switch in'series with sai resistance, meansfor controlling the opening of. said switch, said 'latter means being controlled by said resistance-varying. means, and meansfor controlling the 'opening of said circuit" upon the occurrence of overload, said overload means comprising an additional electromagnetic switch.

42. The combination with a supply-circuit, l

of a resistance, means for varyingsaid resist-4 ance, a switch in series with said resistance, means for controlling the opening of said switch, said latter means being controlled by said resistance-varying means soy that said switch will interrupt the current through said resistance-varying meanswhen said resistance in circuit is a maximum, and means for controlling the opening of said circuit upon occurrence of overload, said overload means comprising an additional electromagnetic switch. i

43. The combination with a motor-controlling rheostat having a 'movable element for controlling the resistance, two automatic switches in series therewith, 'the said switches beingindependently closable, and means for controlling the closing movement of at least one of said switches whereby the movable element must be in a proper position when stat having'a movable element for controlling the resistance, two automatic switches in series with each-other and with said rheostat,

-the said switches being closable in succession, and .means for controlling the closing movement .of at least one of said switches whereby the movable element must be in a protective position when said automatic switch or switches are closed.

46. The combination of a resistance-controlling arm, a switch moved thereby to a certain position, means'for restraining the switch in said osition, a secondswitch, and means controlled by said arm for moving said second switch to its closed position when the said resistance-controlling arm is moved away from its initial position.

47. Thel combination of a rheostat, two switches in series with each other closable successively, means for automatically opening the switch first closed if an excessive current flows in-the circuit when the second switch is' closed, and means for insuring the closure of said two switches only when the rheostat is in a desired starting condition.

48. The combination ofa resistance havinga movable contact device, two switches IIO in series with eachother closable succes'- sively, means for automatically openin one of said switches upon the occurrence o predetermined overload-current, means forl retaining said contact device normally in a certain position and for releasing said device upon the occurrence of an abnormal condition in the circuit, means for moving said device to a protective positionwhen released,

'and means for insuring the closing of said 1 stat forsaid motor having a movable resist- 2 5. tion and to be broken by its movementin a ance-varying element, means for causing an auxiliary electrical contact to be made by the movement of said element to a certainposidirection to insert resistance, an electroresponsive winding the current in which is affected by the making and breaking of said contact, and a switch in series with the motor-armature controlledby said electroresponsivewinding. I l

51. ,The combination of a circuit-controlling rheostat having a movable resistancevarying element, means for controlling the making of an auxiliary electrical contact by the movement of said element in a direction to reduce said resistance and for controlling the breaking of said contact by its movement in theopposite direction, an electroresponsive winding the current in which is affected by. the making and breaking of said contact,

and an automatic switch controlled by said winding. Y y

i 52. The combination of a circuit-controlling rheostat havinga movable resistancevarying element, means for causing1 an auxiliary electrical contact. to be ma ef by the movement of said element to a certain posi- SQ tion aridy to be broken by its movement'inv a direction 'to insertfresistance, anelectroref sponsive winding 'the current in which is affected by the making and breaking of said contact, an automatic switch controlled'by said winding, and means for protecting the circuit upon the occurrence of no voltage.

'53. The /combination of a motor, a rheostat incircuit with the armature thereof, a

y movement of said switch to a protective polswitch in series with thev armature, electroresponsive means which respond to effect the sition under abnormal conditions, a second `switch which controls the currentto said electroresponsive-means, said second switch 'with each other,

being in series with'said first-named switch and armature, and means for causing the y control of said latter switch only when said rheostat is in a proper condition.

54. vThe combination` of a resistance, a movable element for varying the resistance, two -switches in series with each other and with said resistance, one of said switches being so functionally related to said movable element that the circuit through said two switches can be closed only when said movable element is in a proper starting position, and automatic means for controlling the other of said switches upon the occurrence of an abnormal circuit condition. y

55. The combination of two independentlymovable switches and a rheostat all in series a motor to which said switches and rheostat are functionally related, means for Jfunctionally relating at least two of said devices so that they cannot both be closed except when the third de vice is in a proper starting position, and means for causing at \least two of said devices to be moved automatically in response to abnormal circuit conditions.

56. The combination ofan electric motor,`

a controlling-rheostat having a manuallycontrolled element, a switch in series with said rheostat, and means controlled by said element when moved in a vdirection to insert and in a direction to cut out resistance for causing a force to be suddenly made effective at its full strength for respectively quickly opening and uickly closing said switch independentlyr (if the rate of movement of said element. f

57. The combination with a rheostatand a .movable elementfor varying the resistance,

of a switch for controllingthe circuit to said rheostat, a device for controlling the closing and opening of Ksaid switch by causing a force to be suddenly 4made effective at its full strength fand' thereby actuate 'said switch, and means roperated by said element when moved in a yforward andbackward direction for respectively controllingthe closing and `opening movement of said'switch.

r 58. The combination of a resistance-controlling electric switch adapted to be moved positivelyk by the operator to both cut out and insert resistance, a switch in'series therewith, means for moving said second switch tothe closed position' comprising means con'- 'trolled by the movement of said resistancecontrolling switchfor causing a force to be suddenly applied at its full strength and thereby control the closing Amovement of said second switch.` d

59. The combination of a resistance-controlling electric switch, a switch in series therewith, and means operated bythe movement of said resistance-controlling-switch for causing a force to be suddenly made ef- IOO l fective at its full strength and thereby control both the closing and opening movement of said second switch.

60.` The combination of a rheos-tat having a movable element for varying the resistance,

said element being adapted to be moved positively in both directions by theoperator to insert and cut out resistance, a switch in series therewith,. and means operated by said element at its initial position for causing a force to be suddenly made effective at its full strength and thereby control the opening movement of said switch.

61,. The combination of a rheostat having a movable element for varying the resistance, y

a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat, means operated by said element at its initial position for controlling 4the opening movement of said switch, and an electroresponsive winding res onding to overload to effect the opening of t e circuit.

62. The combination ofa rheostat having a movable element and handle adapted to be positively moved by the operator to reduce the resistance, of alswitch in series therewith',

i means for eiiecting the opening and closing switch when said element is in position to insert substantially all of said resistance, and

:an electroresponsive winding responding to overload to effect the opening of the circuit. 64. The combination of a rheostat having a movable element for varying the resistance, a switch for controlling the circuit to said rheostat, means for controlling bot the closing and o ening movement of said switch when said e ement is in position to insert 'substantially allL of said resistance, and .an electrores onsive winding res onding to overload to. e ect the openin oft ecircuit. 65. he combination of a rheojstat having a movable element for varying .the resistance and adapted to be moved by the operator in both directions, a switch in series therewith,l

means operated by said element for controlling the quickopening movement of said switch when said element is in position to insert substantially all Vof said resistance and independently of the rater of movement of said element, an electrorespon'sive winding responding to overload to e ect the opening operated by said elementI of thecircuit, and an electroma netic protective device responding to no voltage.

66. The combination,ofarheostat having a movable element for varying the resistance and adapted to be moved by the operator in both directions, a' switch in series therewith, means operated by said element for controlling the quickclosing and quick-o ening movement of. said switch when said e ement is in position to insert substantially all of said resistance and independently ofthe rate of movement of said element, and an electromagnetic protective device responding to no voltage.

67. The combination of a device which roduces an electromotive force by magnetic induction, an automatic switch whose automatic movement is dependent upon a current other than the current passing though'said device, a second automatic switch whose automatic movement is dependent upon*p the current throughv said device, said switches being protectively related but independently mounted and being in series with each other and with said'device.

68. The combination of a` device .which roduces an electromotive force by magnetic induction, an automatic switch whose jautomatic movement is dependent upon a current other than the current passing through said device, a second automatic switch whose automatic movement is dependent upon the current through said device, said two switches and said device being ineseries in the same' circuit, and an auxillar contact device for at least one of 'said switc es for uickly opening the circuit independently o the rate o'fmovement of said switch.

69. The combination of an electromotiveforce-producing device, an automatic switch upon a current other than the current passing'thro ghcsaid device,.a second automatic switch ose automatic movement is dependent upon the current through said device, said two switches and saididevi'ce being IOs4 lwhose automatic movement is dependent in series in the same circuit, and an auxiliary' contact device for at least one of said switches for quickly closing the circuit independently `oli .the rate of movement of said switch.

70. The combination of an electromotiveforce-producing device, an automatic switch whose automatic movement is dependent upon a current ,other than the current passing throu h said device, a second automatic switch w ose automatic movement` is ide pendent upon the current through said device, and an auxiliary :contact device for quickly opening and quickly closing the cir- -Y cuit caused `to act by the movement of at `least one of said uswitches and independently of the rate of movement of said swltcl'i.A

71. The combination of anelectrlc motor,

an armature-resistance-controlling switch, a

second, switch in series therewith, twopelec-

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