USRE12115E - Receiver for electromagnetic waves - Google Patents
Receiver for electromagnetic waves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE12115E USRE12115E US RE12115 E USRE12115 E US RE12115E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- receiver
- electromagnetic waves
- waves
- platinum
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 140
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000269627 Amphiuma means Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000282619 Hylobates lar Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000002370 ICC Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003141 Lower Extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 101710028361 MARVELD2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002999 depolarising Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Definitions
- WITNESSES INVENTQQ- REISSUED MAY 2a, 1903 E. A. FESSENDEN. RECEIVER FOR ELEGTROMAGNETIG WAVES.
- FIGS- was Eases:
- the invention described herein relates to certain improvements in current-actuated. wave-responsive devices of the class or kind described and claimed in Letters Patentltl'o. 706,744, granted to me August 12, 1902, and adapted to be so affected by currents generated by electromagnetic waves as to produce a change in or variation of the conductivity of the receiving-circuit, of which said device forms a part.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a form of receiver embodying myil-nprovement.
- Figs. 2, 3, 4. and 5 are simi lar vicwsot' modified forms of receiver, and
- Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the mode of operation of the receiver.
- Figs. 7 and 8' illustrate further modifications in the construction of the receiver.
- a liquid barretter or curren t-actuatod wave; responsive device maybe constructed in sev-- em] ways. For instance, it is found that it the loop of ametal barretter'snch as described" in the patentbe broken while it is immersed in' nitric acid it will nevertheless act event? more elficiently than before, syn hencea'bar- 7o rett er may be formed consisting of two thin, platinum wires 2 and 3, as shown in Fig. 1, having their ends immersed in a liquid contained in a suitable vessels and farming, together with-such liquid, 2. part of a receivim, 7 circuit,includingnuindicatingdevicefi. This barretter may be connected either directly or indirectly with a receiving-vertical 1.
- a second method is to moisten aminute fiber-for example, a cotton thread -an to use it as the loop of a barretter.
- a desirable construction for this form'of barretter is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of a iiber loop 6, having one end immersed in a liquid, which will be caused to travel along the libel bycapiiiary action and 85, maintain the fiber in saturated. condition.
- a third method consists in forming a minute,- hole through a d iaphragm 7, conveniently done by drawing down a very thin capillary tube to about three thousandths (.003).
- the diaphragm is so arranged in a suitable vesscl as to form a partition between two portions of the solution in the cup or holder shown in Fig. 3, said portions being thus-separated except by the thin columu of the lion id contained in the capillary I00 tube. said column forming the barretter.
- a fourth method is to connect two platinum wires by a thin film or small body of cond ncting liquid, as indicated in Fig.4. This can be done conveniently by inserting the wires into a bubble 11, formed of such liquid.
- a fifth method is to insert a small piece 12,
- nitric acid a liquid, such as nitric acid
- Fig. 5 shows such an arrangement, the platinum wire being covered with silver.
- the silver wire has a diameter. of about .003 of an inch, and the platinum core inclosed therein has a diameter-of about .0000 of an inch.
- the silver is removed or eaten oil? from .the lower extremity, and the platinum core projects into the solution of nitric acid.
- This solution of nitric acid which preferably contains nitrous acid, is covered by a layer of kerosene-oil, so as to prevent evaporation of the acid and to pre-v vent the platinum from being fused.
- Asceond platinum wire 13 is also im mersedin the liquid, preferably by inserting it through the hottom of the vessel 4, and these wires are connected to'the vertical and to ground and .also included in the indieating-circuit. It follows from the well-known electricalformula giving the resistance of a cylindricalbody in a conducting medium that practically all the resistance is localized and concentrated within a short distance 'of the point where the platinum wire'lZ projects into the acid. For example, if platinum of a diameter of .0000; of an inch should be immersed in acid t9 a depth of .00002 of an inch, practically all the temperature effects would be local or take place inside of a hemisphere of liquid whose radius would be .OOOOtofan inch.
- Such an imaginary hemisphere is indicated in Fig. 6, where 12 represents the tip of the platinum, and 15 represents the hemisphere referred to. That this is true will be seen by considering a second hemispheric shell 14, having the thickness of .(JOOlH of an inch out The quantity of liquid in this shell 14- will be more than eight times that in the shell 15, and consequently it will take eight times the amount of heat .to raise it to this same extent. At the same the li uid within tin.- boundary of 15 does not vary much and all parts are almost equally eflicient as soon as we pass the boundary of the effect of the variations of liquid beyond Fig.
- the immersionof the terminals should be such as to insurewhat is known in the art asa perfect contact between the terminals and liquid, even though somewhat greater than what I have stated as theoretical, as illustrated in Figs. 5, 7,-and 8.
- the terminal 12 may be inserted through the bottom of the-vessel 4, in which case an insulating liquid-such as bisulfid ofcarbon, having greater specific gravity than the nitric acid or other liquid is used in connection with the latter.
- the wire 12 may be so surrounded with glass as to preventany gas given off from adhering to the wire, and thereby decreasing its effective area.
- a thirdmet-hod consists in utilizing the depolarization of the electrode caused by the heating of the liquid. While there is no doubt that such effectis probably prod need, it is masl-rcd, and when in actual working practically the entire effect seems to be due to the change in resistance.
- Areceiverfol-electromagnetic waves consisting of a small quantity of liquid, theconductivity of which is affected by thotiqiition of electromagnetic waves, substantiallyias set forth.
- a receiver for electromagnetic waves consisting of a small quantity of liquid adapted to have its resistance decreased by the action of electromagnetic waves, substantially as set forth.
- a receiver for electromagnetic waves consistiug of a material increasable in conductivity by currents produced by electromagnetic waves, substantially as set forth.
- Areceiver fol-electromagnetic waves com sisting of a liquid, and rapidly responsive as regards temperature to effects. produced by electromagnetic forth.
- Areceiver for electromagnetic wavesonsist'ing of a small quantity of nitric acid substantially as set forth.
- a receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a small quantity of nitric acid, and terminals formed of platinum immersed in said liquid subsiantiallyas set forth.
- a receiver for electromagnetic waves substantially as set 8.
- thejpositive terminal having in combination a suiall quantity of nitric acid, and terminals formed of platinum immersed in said liquid, thejpositive terminal having an external covering, substan' tially as set forth.
- An el ctrical receiver consisting of a liquid and art-e115; Lmely-fine terminal projectinginto the liquid, substantially as set forth.
- a means for utilizing the energy of waves the combination of a liquid adopted 1 to have a condition or characteristic changed or modified by energy produced by waves and meansforlocalizin gin the liqnidsuch change or modification, substantially as described.
- a liquid capable of being affected by said energy to change its condition in combination with means for localizing such change in the liquid, substantially as described.
- An electrical receivercomnrisicg a liquid and means for transforming the electrical energy received into energy of different form in a localized part of the liquid, said means being adapted to receive and accumulate such transformed ener y, substantially as described.
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