USRE12115E - Receiver for electromagnetic waves - Google Patents

Receiver for electromagnetic waves Download PDF

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USRE12115E
USRE12115E US RE12115 E USRE12115 E US RE12115E
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US
United States
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liquid
receiver
electromagnetic waves
waves
platinum
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English (en)
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Reginald A. Fessenden
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  • WITNESSES INVENTQQ- REISSUED MAY 2a, 1903 E. A. FESSENDEN. RECEIVER FOR ELEGTROMAGNETIG WAVES.
  • FIGS- was Eases:
  • the invention described herein relates to certain improvements in current-actuated. wave-responsive devices of the class or kind described and claimed in Letters Patentltl'o. 706,744, granted to me August 12, 1902, and adapted to be so affected by currents generated by electromagnetic waves as to produce a change in or variation of the conductivity of the receiving-circuit, of which said device forms a part.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a form of receiver embodying myil-nprovement.
  • Figs. 2, 3, 4. and 5 are simi lar vicwsot' modified forms of receiver, and
  • Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the mode of operation of the receiver.
  • Figs. 7 and 8' illustrate further modifications in the construction of the receiver.
  • a liquid barretter or curren t-actuatod wave; responsive device maybe constructed in sev-- em] ways. For instance, it is found that it the loop of ametal barretter'snch as described" in the patentbe broken while it is immersed in' nitric acid it will nevertheless act event? more elficiently than before, syn hencea'bar- 7o rett er may be formed consisting of two thin, platinum wires 2 and 3, as shown in Fig. 1, having their ends immersed in a liquid contained in a suitable vessels and farming, together with-such liquid, 2. part of a receivim, 7 circuit,includingnuindicatingdevicefi. This barretter may be connected either directly or indirectly with a receiving-vertical 1.
  • a second method is to moisten aminute fiber-for example, a cotton thread -an to use it as the loop of a barretter.
  • a desirable construction for this form'of barretter is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of a iiber loop 6, having one end immersed in a liquid, which will be caused to travel along the libel bycapiiiary action and 85, maintain the fiber in saturated. condition.
  • a third method consists in forming a minute,- hole through a d iaphragm 7, conveniently done by drawing down a very thin capillary tube to about three thousandths (.003).
  • the diaphragm is so arranged in a suitable vesscl as to form a partition between two portions of the solution in the cup or holder shown in Fig. 3, said portions being thus-separated except by the thin columu of the lion id contained in the capillary I00 tube. said column forming the barretter.
  • a fourth method is to connect two platinum wires by a thin film or small body of cond ncting liquid, as indicated in Fig.4. This can be done conveniently by inserting the wires into a bubble 11, formed of such liquid.
  • a fifth method is to insert a small piece 12,
  • nitric acid a liquid, such as nitric acid
  • Fig. 5 shows such an arrangement, the platinum wire being covered with silver.
  • the silver wire has a diameter. of about .003 of an inch, and the platinum core inclosed therein has a diameter-of about .0000 of an inch.
  • the silver is removed or eaten oil? from .the lower extremity, and the platinum core projects into the solution of nitric acid.
  • This solution of nitric acid which preferably contains nitrous acid, is covered by a layer of kerosene-oil, so as to prevent evaporation of the acid and to pre-v vent the platinum from being fused.
  • Asceond platinum wire 13 is also im mersedin the liquid, preferably by inserting it through the hottom of the vessel 4, and these wires are connected to'the vertical and to ground and .also included in the indieating-circuit. It follows from the well-known electricalformula giving the resistance of a cylindricalbody in a conducting medium that practically all the resistance is localized and concentrated within a short distance 'of the point where the platinum wire'lZ projects into the acid. For example, if platinum of a diameter of .0000; of an inch should be immersed in acid t9 a depth of .00002 of an inch, practically all the temperature effects would be local or take place inside of a hemisphere of liquid whose radius would be .OOOOtofan inch.
  • Such an imaginary hemisphere is indicated in Fig. 6, where 12 represents the tip of the platinum, and 15 represents the hemisphere referred to. That this is true will be seen by considering a second hemispheric shell 14, having the thickness of .(JOOlH of an inch out The quantity of liquid in this shell 14- will be more than eight times that in the shell 15, and consequently it will take eight times the amount of heat .to raise it to this same extent. At the same the li uid within tin.- boundary of 15 does not vary much and all parts are almost equally eflicient as soon as we pass the boundary of the effect of the variations of liquid beyond Fig.
  • the immersionof the terminals should be such as to insurewhat is known in the art asa perfect contact between the terminals and liquid, even though somewhat greater than what I have stated as theoretical, as illustrated in Figs. 5, 7,-and 8.
  • the terminal 12 may be inserted through the bottom of the-vessel 4, in which case an insulating liquid-such as bisulfid ofcarbon, having greater specific gravity than the nitric acid or other liquid is used in connection with the latter.
  • the wire 12 may be so surrounded with glass as to preventany gas given off from adhering to the wire, and thereby decreasing its effective area.
  • a thirdmet-hod consists in utilizing the depolarization of the electrode caused by the heating of the liquid. While there is no doubt that such effectis probably prod need, it is masl-rcd, and when in actual working practically the entire effect seems to be due to the change in resistance.
  • Areceiverfol-electromagnetic waves consisting of a small quantity of liquid, theconductivity of which is affected by thotiqiition of electromagnetic waves, substantiallyias set forth.
  • a receiver for electromagnetic waves consisting of a small quantity of liquid adapted to have its resistance decreased by the action of electromagnetic waves, substantially as set forth.
  • a receiver for electromagnetic waves consistiug of a material increasable in conductivity by currents produced by electromagnetic waves, substantially as set forth.
  • Areceiver fol-electromagnetic waves com sisting of a liquid, and rapidly responsive as regards temperature to effects. produced by electromagnetic forth.
  • Areceiver for electromagnetic wavesonsist'ing of a small quantity of nitric acid substantially as set forth.
  • a receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a small quantity of nitric acid, and terminals formed of platinum immersed in said liquid subsiantiallyas set forth.
  • a receiver for electromagnetic waves substantially as set 8.
  • thejpositive terminal having in combination a suiall quantity of nitric acid, and terminals formed of platinum immersed in said liquid, thejpositive terminal having an external covering, substan' tially as set forth.
  • An el ctrical receiver consisting of a liquid and art-e115; Lmely-fine terminal projectinginto the liquid, substantially as set forth.
  • a means for utilizing the energy of waves the combination of a liquid adopted 1 to have a condition or characteristic changed or modified by energy produced by waves and meansforlocalizin gin the liqnidsuch change or modification, substantially as described.
  • a liquid capable of being affected by said energy to change its condition in combination with means for localizing such change in the liquid, substantially as described.
  • An electrical receivercomnrisicg a liquid and means for transforming the electrical energy received into energy of different form in a localized part of the liquid, said means being adapted to receive and accumulate such transformed ener y, substantially as described.

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