US915280A - Electric signaling. - Google Patents

Description

R. A. PESSENDENL ELECTRIC SIGNALING. APPLICATION FILED IEB. s, 190?.

91 5,280, Patented Mar. 16; 1 909. I

ulk

Wm mm 814mm roz UNITED sTArE REGINALD A. FES'SENDEN,

F WASHIN G'jION, DISTRICT or COLUMBIA.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING.

No; 915,280. Specification of To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REGINALD A. FE'ssEN- DEN, a citizen of the .United States, and a resid on, in the District of 'usefulImprovements in Electric Signaling, of which the following is a specification.

My inventionrelates to the art of electric signaling, and particularly to receivers for wireless t'elegraphy, its primary object being to provide a more reliable and sensitive means for receiving electric impulses, especially electro-magnetic waves, and producing signals thereby. r

In the-accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a diagram in partial section showing appara tus for carrylnout my invention, and Fig. 2 shows'in section a modiiied form of the receiver tube. a

Vacuum tubes heretofore'used as receivers for Wireless telegraphy hav not been found sufficiently sensitive and pe itive in their action, and especially for fee-b le impulses. I have experimentally discovered that the de-' fectsmay be overcome as by using an improved'differential vacuum tube containing gases, especially those of the helium type and also by using differentially acting circuits. The efliciency is further improved by 30 an essential arrangement of the parts one form of which is hereinafter specified. ,In Fig. 1 the'antenna 11 may be grounded asat 12,-or not, and may beconnected to the conductor 19 in other. modifications. 1 gleferably tuned by any of the means Well own In this art and may be used either with a secondary it as here shown. tenna is a so-called vacuum tube 13, which may be of any desired shape, and may con-- tam any suitable gas such as hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, argon, neon, etc., the ones named of the helium group having been found es ageous.

The tube is p ecially advant provide withterminals 14, 15, 16, of which Intermediate terminal 14 is preferably made .-.extremely small and composed of iridium. I provide a source of voltage 17, which may be either a continuous current source, or an alternating current source, and is hereipre'f erably shown as a high frequency alternator,

aving referably a equency approxi- .mately t e same as the equencyjof impulses to.be received; his connected a potentiometer 18 and may have a variable inductance or resistance 22 also in circuit,

Letters Patent. Application filed February 8,1907. Serial No. 356,3

'nals Patented March 16, 1909. as.

*In this device one winding cylinder is metallie so as to short-circuit any number ofturns of .the wirevdesired. It will be understood on both cylinthe leads, and

while on the msulating'cylinder the; whole length of wire is traversed, the metallic cylinder directly connects the initial point With the last turn of wire wound thereon. The

conductors 19, 20 and 21 make adjustable contact with the potentiometer, and may contain variable resistances or inductances 23, 24 as shown. The terminals of the tube l3n1ay be heated'by any suitable .means as for example 14 is shown heated by coil 32 excited by battery 26 and having in circuit the variable resistance or inductance 25, the heat being projected by a reflector 33. A screen 37 may envelop the terminal 16 and a reflector 38 around the upper end of the tube is preferably used in order to direct the radiation througha lens 29, whence it impinges on selenium cell or bolometer'30 to thereby operate the indicating mechanism such as the bell 31 having battery 27. in circuit. Other-,

wise tie signals caused byradiation from the upper end of thecell 13 may be read directly,

or of course the bell may bereplaced by a galvanometer.

In operation the potential between elec-- trodes 14 and 15. is so arranged by means of the potentiometer that no. current will pass between these terminals or only a sh ht and comparatively non-luminous one, w ile the reater current asses between 1 6 and 14. The potentials ere are so adjusted that when electro-magnetic waves strike the antenna 11', the steady balanceof current is disturbed in the differential vacuum tube 13, .and the luminous column is caused to pass, either intermittently or steadily betweenterminals 14 and.15, which a signal as above described.

In the construction of parts I prefer to make the terminals 15 and 16 of such matewith an oxid. equivalents barium or strontium.

' In'Fig.. 2 I have shown a different form of the tube, made in a.Y shape, and the termimay consist of mercury with central metallic projection as 3.5 or. 36. In this case the mercury may'contain a small percentage of metallic calcium or its equivalents or po- 11o tassium or sodium with advantage. 4 The above described-apparatus has been ceiver,

found to act-as avery reliable and steady reitz'being a great. advantage, among" other things; to have the-discharge diverted andidischarge tube having a central terminal to an entirely new terminal and directly.

vunean's for shifting the prising a differentially acting discharge tube charged passing ential governing circuits adap 125; path by the passage of signal impulses.

cause a' signal through a detecting instrument.

J Having thus "describ'ed'myinvention and illustrated itsuse, What I claim as new and "desire to secure by LettersPatengis the following:

,1. A receiver for electro-magnetic waves 4 comprising an exhausted tube containing gas 'of the helium group.

2. A-receiver for electro-ina gnetic wavescomprising a discharge tube with several paths .of discharge acting differentially and path of discharge therein by the wavesreceived.

3. -A receiver for electric signaling comand connected differted to have their balance changed to shift the discharge withseveral-terminals,

A, A receiver for Wireless telegraphy com prising a discharge tube with several dis-' charge paths therethrough, means 0 by electro-magnetic Waves to shift t e path such shifting of the discharge path.

5. A receiver for wireless telegraphy com rising a dischar e tube and means forexcitmg it, connecte ed to have their balance disturbed by the ;passage of electro-magnetic waves to'shift by its incidental-effects rather 5 than by changes in the current being diseerated receiving circuit 0 difierentiallcircuits adaptand so causing I I therein to be shifted on receipt of transmitted impulses.

.to shift the discharge from one leg to the other, and indicating means operated by said shifting of the discharge. 3

7. A receiver for electrlc signaling compri'smg an electric dlscharge tube, means to 1 annul or balance oh the efiective discharge in va path therein, and means operated by the received impulses'to disturb the balance and restore said discharge to produce a signal.

8. Areceiverfor-electric signals compris-. ing a discharge tube with several alternative paths of discharge, and means, comprising a receiving circuit operativelyconnected to a terminal of the discharge tube for shifting the path of the discharge therein on receipt of the transmitted impulses 9. A receiver for electric impulses comprising a dischar paths of disc eratively connected to a terminal ofthe discharge tube for altering etube with several alternative arge and meanscompr smg a I the normal potentials betweenthe terminals 'the "path of the discharge Signed at Brant Rock in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts this 6th'day of February, A. D. 1907-.

' REGINALD -A.. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses:

JEssrE E. BENT,

' ODELEINE DoLE'vrm;

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