USRE12098E - Reissued mar - Google Patents

Description

REISSUED 11113.10, 1903,

. J. N. MAHONEY. v ELEGTRIOBRAKE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14,

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1 "m mmb a mqg m am-[3905mm QQQQQQQO A witmeooa era 3513 Hlozuc No. 12,098. REISSUED MAR. 10, 1903.

J, N. MAHONBY. ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1903.

- qwitneooeo' 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2- m. 12,098. REISSUED MAR. 10, 1903.

J. N. MAHONE'Y. I .BLEOTRIG BRAKE FOR VEHICLES. Aprploulon FILED Jul. 14, 190;. v

' a inns-51mm a.

I I l m cmfo'c gl vvteoae o d I I 1- 1 F JQ ,l (E I a I No. 12,098. r REISSUED mi 10, 1903. J. N. MAHONEY.

ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1903.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

u I V nucwto tyneooeyo C v 3251 aflozumi i am J a No. 12,098. REISSUEDMAR. 10, 1903.

J. N. MAHONEY. ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14,1903.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Diagram J? 2 Dizzy/uln T 4, flux I PIC - REISSUEDMJAR. 1-0, 1903. J. N. MAHONEY. ELECTRIC. BRAKE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLNLTIOH FILED JAN. 14, 1903.

6 SHEBTSSHIJET 6.

iiiagram Aux UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH N. MAHONEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO PRICE, DARLING &

COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A FIRM COMPOSED OF JOHN R; PRICE, WILLIAM H. DARLING, WILLIAM C. LOMBARD, AND JOSEPH N. MAHONEY.

ELECTRIC BRAKE FOFtVEHICLES.

srncmcanon forming part of Beiseued Letters fatent No. 12,098,:iated March 10, 1903.

Original lie. 665.450, dated J canary 8. 1901. Application for reissue filed January 14, 1903. Serial No. 139085.

To alt wrwm, u may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH N. MAHONEY, a citizen of the United'States, residing at the city of New York, (As'toria,) in the State of I certain new and New York, have invented useful Improvements in Electric Brakes for Vehicles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is particularly designed for IO and adapted to electrically-propelled cars deriving current from a conductor or conductors or contacts from which the current is taken by. the trolley, brush, or collector carried by the car. It is, however, applicable to other systems-as, for instance, where the source of electrical energy is carried upon the car or vehicle. In thedrawings hereof and as hereinafter described it is shown as applied to a trolley-car taking a current from so a continuous conductor or conductors arrangedeither above or below the track or otherwise.

The objects of the invention are to alford complete and perfect control of the car by :5- means of electrically-actuated braking mechanism, which may receive current from the main conductor -or trolley-wire, but which primarily gets its current from the driving motor or motors on the car, which are then run as generators. This general plan of operation has heretofore been proposed as, for instance, in the patent of Price, N 0. 590,021, dated September 14, 1897; but the present invention, both in matter of organization and results obtained, is in many respects different from what has been disclosed in the Price patent and heretofore proposed by others, all

, as will hereinafter be apparent.

The invention comprises an organization of apparatus and circuits hereinafter described or equivalent organizations of apparatus and circuits producing actions or results in the braking or controlling of a car or vehicle, as

hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings the invention is shown organized or embodied in the orm now deemed the best known.

Figure 1 is a diagram view indicating; the diiferent pieces of apparatus mounted upon a'car and their various circuit connections. Fig. 2 is a plan view indicating the frame, truck, brake-shoes, and beams of any ordinary car construction with my improvements applied thereto; Fig. 3, a detail view showing a foot-actuated tripping device performing a function hereinafter described; Fig. 4, a view in horizontal section and plan showing a set of coils with their pole-piece and armature by which the brake-shoes are applied to the wheels, a retaining device for holding the shoes up to the wheels, and a release mechanism for releasing them; Fig. 5,

a section on the line X X, Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a section on the line Y Y, Fig. 4; Fig. 7, a detail view in elevation indicating the fender, a release mechanism for dropping it, a sandbox, and an electromagnetic device for operating it to discharge the sand at will; Fig. 8, a vertical section through the lower part of the brake switch or controller mounted at the end of t 0 car in suitable relation to the ordinary p0 or switch or controller.

Diagrams A .A A A A A A A 7A A show in sequence the various conditions or connections of the diiferent pieces of apparatus corresponding with the various positions of the brake switch or. controller.

The reference-letters indicating the main parts of the apparatus in a general way are as follows: T, the trolley conductor or main; TR, the motor resistance; M, the motor; A, themotor-armature; F, the motor-field; Rs 0, the release cylinder-or coil; R1, the relay; Rl C, the relay cylinder or coil; BC, the brake cylinder or coil; Au R, the auxiliary resistance; BR, the brake resistance; S, the shunt; FB, the flash or exciting battery; G, the ground main or connection; BS, the brake switch or controller; PS, the power switch or controller; RS, the reversing-switch RD, the 0 brake-retaining device; FC, the fender coil or cylinder; SC, the sand-box coil or cylinder, and LD the brake-switch-locking device.

The several resistances perform; functions usual to them and are of donstruc- 5 tioii. The reversifig-switeillnd the powerswitch are each of any ordinary suitable type, and the brake-switch BS may be mechanically of similar construction and need therefore only be shown diagrammatically, as in Fig. 1. The locking device is a lock or catch that is made effective at a certain point in the movement of the brake-switch in such a way that the switch mav not be operated to restore the connections to the power-switch for taking current from the main or trolley slide upon the rails.

shows in section the braking coil or cylinder, t

itspole-piece, and armature. --The dash or exciting battery FB is for exciting the field of the motorfand the relay Rl is a piece of apparatus for transferring. the circuit through the several coils of the brake-cylinder in series from the trolley-wire to the circult of the'motor, which would then be run- 'niug as a generator in parallel.

Referring to the general diagram view,'Fig. -1, and assuming that the reversing-switch is in. such position that the contacts or brushes a, a a are in the position indicated by the dotted lines 1' s and that the power-switch is in such position that .its contacts or brushes b b 1) b b b b are in the position indicated by the dotted line p s and that thebrakeswitch isin such position that itscontact fingers or brushes c c, dzc., are in the position indicated by the dotted lines 1 1, the current from the trolley or supply conductor T will through the be supplied to the motor for the forward movement of the car. The circuit is from the conduotor T to the power-switch brush b, thence contact-plates of this switch to the brush 1), through the resistance TR and by condnctor ll to the brush c of the brakeswitch, thence to the brush c and by wire 12,

to the brush a of the reversing-switch, thence to the brush a" of this switch and" by wire 13 to one pole of the'armatnre-A of the motor, thence from the opposite terminal of the armature by wire 14 to the brush a of the reversing-switch, the brush a thereofi and wire 15 to the brush 0' of the brake-switch, thence to the brush a of this switch and by wire 16 to one terminal of the field-winding of the motor, and from the other terminal of this winding by wire 17 through the release-coil Rs 0, and from thence through conductors 18 19 to ground at G. This is the condition illustrated in diagram A. The further movement of the power-switch PS is usual and merely serves to cut out part or all of the coils of the resistance '1 R. It now the brakeswitch be moved so that its brushes leaves the plates 12 and occupy the position indicated by the dotted line 22, the circuit through the motor armature and field and release-coil is open. This is the position indicated by diagram A This is merelya, transition position, the action being only to'open the trolley-current circuit through the motor. As the brushes 0, &c., come into the position indicated by the dotted line 3 3 shunts or short circuits are established around the field of the motor and around the release-coil and also around the brake-cylinder coils, which are in circuit withthe whole resistance Au R, as indicated in diagram A and as-may readily be traced in the general diagram Fig. 1. This also is merely a transition position of the switch, and the shunting of the motor-field, &c., at this point is for the purpose of preventing sparking when on the return of the movement of the switch the motor-circuit is opened. When the brushes of the brakeswitch arebrought to the position indicated by the dotted line 4 4, the electromagnetic braking mechanism is thrown into action, the organization and circuits being as follows: The terminals d of the several separate coils df oi the brake-cylinder are then in contact with the brushes e e of the relay-switch, which brushes are connected in pairs, so that the coils d are in series, this being the normal position of the relay-switch. Current now enters from the conductor T and thence by wire 20 to the brush c of the brake-switch, which is now upon the second contact-point of the auxiliary resistance Au R, through this, resistance, and thence by wires 21- 22 to the first brush e of the relay-switch, thence through the coils d of the brake-cylinder, thence by wire 23 to the contact-brush 0" o! the brakeswitch, thence through the contact-plates of this switch to the brush 0 thereof, thence by wire 12 to the reversing-switch, through its brushes a a and by wire 13 through the armatn re-winding of the motor, by wire 14 to the reversing-switch, through its brushes a a and by wire 15 to the contact-brush c" of the brake-switch, thence through contact-plates thereof to the brush 0, thence through the IOO resistance BR and by wire '24 to the shunt S,

thence throughithe winding of the relay cylinder or coil RlC and by wire 25 through the winding of the fender-coil F0 and the sandbox coil SC and by-wire'26 to ground at Gor the negative terminal. It will be observed that this circuit through the armaturewinding contains considerable resistance. There is a parallel or derived circuit through the winding of the motorfield. It may be traced from the brush 0 of the brake-switch, thence to the brush a, and by wire 16 to one terminal of the field-winding, from the opposite terminal'by wires .17 and 27 to the brush 0, thence to the brush a, and thence through wire 19 to ground; This is a circuit of relatively small resistance.

The circuit of the flash or exciting battery FB also includes the field-winding and may be traced as follows: from one pole oE't-he battery by-wire 28 to wire 23, thence to the brush 0, thence to the brush 0 and by wire shown 'in Fig. 2) and the relay-switch R1 is ."operated to transfer the brushes e e away 1 from the contacts (1 of the brake-cylinder coils and to bring the brushes f into contact therels-with. These brushes are so connected that .the coils of the brake-cylinder are new connected in parallel and in parallel with the shunt which is in the armature-circuit of the motor. At the same time the field has been so excited not only by the current from the trolley main or conductor T, but also by that from the battery FB, the circuit of the battery having, howevenbee'n opened by the action of the relay. The motor with the field thus excited new acts as a generator, and the brake-cylinder coils act to apply the brake mechanism, the mechanical details of which operation arehereinafter described. At the same time the fender is dropped by the ac- 39' tion of the coil FC andthe sand-box mechanism operated to dischargesand by :the action of-the coil SC. The excitation of the field of the motor now running as a generator mightbesuflicientlyaccomplished by the cur- -,rent from the trolley-conductor T, and the batteryFB is primarily provided 'toprovide l for the contingency, which may readily occur,

, in! the trolley-wheel, shoe, or collector being 'out'of contact with the'conductor T or for that of any accident to the circuit of the trolley-conductor or to the dyuamos at the power-house; The movement of the brakeswitch lever, which establishes the conditions already described and those to be de- 5 scribed, occurs, particularly' in the event of an emergency stop, with great rapidity. The further movement to bring the contactbrushes 0, 850., into the positions indicated by. the lines 5 6 merely serves to cut out re-., sistance in the auxiliary resistance Au R and the resistance BR. Such is evidently the fact, mechanically considered. So .far as the behavior electricallyof the apparatus is con-, cerned, it might well be that the brake-switch could be thrown over 'so rapidly as to in the position. indicated by'the dotted line 6 6 beforethe relaycoil would have time to transfer the brake cylinder from the trolley to the motor-circuit. The conditions of the apparatus when the brushes are inthe positions indicated by the lines 4 4 5 5 6 6 are indicated inthe detail diagrams A A A; When the contacts er the power-switchpass from' theposition indicated by the line 6 6 to that of. I the line 7 7, the-release-coil Rs Q is included in the circuit/of the motor-armature, and is I consequently energized. In'this instancein the way in which the system is shown organized the motor armature and field'are in series. This condition is indicated in the detail diagram A coil may be traced as follows, referring to Fig. 1: from the right-hand terminal thereof by wire 17 through the field-winding, thence by wire 16 to the brush 0, thence to the brush The circuitof the releasing-v c and by wire 12 to the reversing-switch,

through the brushes a a of that switch and wire 13 to one terminal of the armature-winding and from the other terminal by wire 14 again to the reversing-switch through the brushes 0' a thereof, thence by the wire 15 to thebrush c thence to the brush 0 through part of the resistance BR, thence by wire 24 through the relay-coil R1 0, thence over the ground connection to wire 19 andby wire 18 to the other terminal of the release-coil.

v The releasing-coil, by the attraction of its armature, performs the following functions: When the brake-shoes are brought against the wheels by the'action of the brake coil or cylinder, there is applied to the braking mechanism a locking device, hereinafter described, which holds the shoes in position towhich they are drawn in'the actof braking the wheels, thus providing against any derangement of other parts of theapparatusor electric circuits.

Oonsequentlyif-the wheels are. locked by the action of the shoes (and no means'were provided for preventing it) and there issuificient momentum .of the car the car will slideupon the rails-a condition most undesirable both because of the inefllcient braking or stopping of the car and because of the wearing of flat faces upon the wheels.

The brake-releasing apparatus is designed to obviate this'unfavorable condition. When a -condition approaching the'locking of the wheels by the shoes occurs, the rotation of the armature of the motor (now acting as a generator) is of course very slow, and the current generated thereby is one .of small strength. The release-coil is cut into operation by'the brake-controller when the brakeeontroller has been advanced to a position where the braking energy is considerable for thepu'rpose and acts to render the retaining device inefiective', thereby preventing a locking of the wheels. The release-coil may receive current from the motor (or motors) act ing-as a generator, asshown, or from any source of electrical energy on the It is also cut into circuit with the motor orinotors when they are taki-ngcu-rreut from the line and is operative to releasethe brake-shoes.

should they be then applied. The release-coil is so proportioned, adjusted, and arranged as tobe vitalized by thecurrent under such cenditions and acts to throw oil! the locking device. Thns while the brake-shoes are applied to the wheels by the action of the braking cylinder-or coiland a locking device is applied which tends tolock the shoes against he wheels therrelease-coil constantly tends to throw off the lockingdevice and permit.

the momentary retraction or easing up of the brake-shoes. The amount of current in the coils of the braking-cylinder when a condition approaching the locking of the wheels occurs is not sufficient to hold up the shoes with suffloient power. to lock the wheels; but an increase in speed of rotation of the wheels, and consequently of the motor-armature, immediately develops suflicient current to cause the brake-cylinder to again apply the shoes to the wheels. The action is entirely automatic and is one which while avoiding a locking of the wheels applies the brakeshoes in the most eflicient manner for all purposes. The actionof the relay-switch Rl in transferring the coils of thebrake-cylinder from a series to a parallel connection is desirable in view of the change in the character of the current, which is then derived from thetmotor running as a generator and is or may be of less electromotive force and larger volume-than the current derived from the trolley-wire. The continued movement of the brake-switch from the position indicated by the line 7 7 to the lines 8 8, 9 9, and 10 1O elIects no change in the circuits or apparatus other than the cutting out of resistance from the resistances Au, R, and ER. The circuit conditions of each of these positions of the switch are indicated by the detail diagrams A AQAF". The brake-switch-locking coil LD may atall times receive current while the powerswitch is in the position indicated by the dotted" line PS or in any advanced position.

prefer, however, to arrange that the locku'g-c'oil shall be energized when the brakeswitch has reached the position indicated by the line 4 4. The circuit is from the trolleyconductor T, the contact-brushes of the power-switch, and conductor 30, through the winding of the locking-coil, thence by wire 31 to; wire 23 to brake-switch brush a, thence to brush 0, and thence through the fieldwinding of the motor to ground. The purpose of this locking device is as follows, the mechanical details being shown in Fig. 8, which indicates partially the brake-switch BS: The armature 32 of the locking-coil is connected atone end to apivoted catch or latch 33 and is normally retracted by a spring 34. The opposite end of the latch 33 is provided with a hook which normally stands out of the path of a lug or projection 35 on the moving part of the switch BS. When the switch is being advanced in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8-that is to say, from the position 1 1 to the position 10 10 (indicatedin the diagram view Fig. 1)and in the event that the connections were such as to have already introduced the locking-coil into circnit,a s'would be the case were the wire 31 from the locking-coil connected to the wire 19, the lug 35 will ride over the inclined outer edge of the latch 33, so that the switch may be advanced, as stated; but as the switch is brought back from the position 10 10 and when it reaches the position indicated by the line 4 4 the lug 35 engages the latch 33 and the switch is locked against further movement in the return direction, a'nditis impossible to move it farther and throw the braking mechanism out of action until the powerswitch PS is operated to' break the connection with the trolley-conductor, and thus deenergize the locking-coil and permit the release of the brake-switch. The brake-switch may now be moved from the position 4 4 to the position 3 3, in which the field of the motor,the release-coil,and brake-cylinder coil are shunted, and then by the further movement of the brake-switch the circuit of the motor is opened and the brake-switch finally brought to the position indicated by the line 1 1. The power-switch may now be operated, as in starting the car in the ordinary way, to supply current from the trolley-conductor T for The various pieces of apparatu' may mounted upon the car frame or truck, as in-' dicated in Fig. 2, which also shows the cables carrying the conductors already described.

40 indicates the ordinary brake-lever, 41 the ordinary brake-rods or draw-bars, and 42 the brake-shoes.

43 indicates the ordinary manual brake, consisting of a-handle, a staff, and a chain connecting the end of the stalf to one of the draw-bars 41. In this system, as in all auto? mat-ic brakes, it is perhaps preferable that the ordinary manual brake should be retained, as some contingency may arise in which its use may be desirable. The armature 44 of the brake-cylinder is connected by a chain with the brake-lever 40, and in this chain an insulation 45 is placed close to the armature for the purpose of insuring the insulation of the coils. What has been termed the brake-cylinder is constructed as follows: It is, in fact, a hollow electromagnet of a peculiarand novel construction. It consists, Fig. '4, of an outer shell 16, of iron or steel, within which are disposed the several coils which are brought out to the terminals, as indicated in Fig. 1. The head 47 ot' the outer shell or cylinder is provided with a cylindrical inwardly-projecting hollow pole-piece 48, in the annular space between which and the shell some of the coils are disposed, the pole-piece projecting halfway or more into the series of coils. The chamber in the hollow pole-piece is tapered,

being of smallest diameter adjacent to the head 1L7.

The armature 14 consists of a cylindrical part seated in the end of the shell, which is there contracted in diameter, and of a tapering part of substantially the shape and taper of the chamber in the pole-piece and which when the armature is retracted is preferablypartially entered into the taper chamspecial shape of this part of the armature and of the chamber in the ple-piece isto'decrease the air-gap relatively to the travel of the armature. The armature guide-rod 49, sliding in the head 47, is preferably of non-magnetic metal. It will be apparent that the lines of force will be so disposed relatively-to the mass of the armature projection and the pole-piece 48 that an e'flicient pull upon the armature will be exerted through the entire portion of its relatively long stroke. This is due to the taper shape of the socket and pole-piece projection, which I prefer shall benniforrn and .in straight lines, though I do notdesireto limit myself .to such specific shape or construction.

On the underside of the part 44 of the arma-.

ture is a rack 50, engaging apinion 51, fixed on a shaft 52, on the outer end of which is fixed agear 53, meshing with'a pinion 54, fast on the sleeve 55, turning on a shortshaft 56. Mounted on this sleeve is a flanged wheel 57,

, in which the sleeve may freely turn in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6, which is a direction of rotation imparted to I the sleeve when the brakecylinder or electroroller being shown.

magnet draws the brake-shoes against the wheels. In a cavity constituting a lateral enlargement-of the wheel bcaringnpon the.

. strap 60, the ends of which'are attached on opposite sides of the pivot of a lever 61, normally held by a spring 62 in such positionthat the strap locks the wheel againstrotation. The release-coils Rs C may be an electromagnetic apparatus constructed in all respects the same as the brake-coil BC. (Shown in detail in Fig. 4.) Its armature is connected by a rod 63 to the lever 61, and wheuthe coil is energized and its armature attracted the tension of the spring 62 is overcome and the lever 61 drawn in the direction to release the: wheel 57 from the braking actionof the 'fric tion-strap. The relay-coil R1 0 has its in closing shell of magnetic metal (which may be the same as that of the, brake-coil BC) bolted to the similar shell of the release-coil, as indicated in Figs. 2 and '4, and the armature of the relay-coil is connected by a rod I 64 to therrelay-switch R, ;which controls the connections of the coils of t'hebrake-cy-linde'r,

as already described. s v

The tender-coil F0 is or may be an electro{ magnetic apparatus constructed similarly to the brake-coil BC, 'and when it is' energized its armature withdraws a catch 65=from engagement with a normally'elevatedfender 66, which then byits own weight and by the action of a spring 67 de'scendsnpon or in close juxtaposition to the track or road-bed. The sand-box coil SC is or may be an electromagnetic device of the same construction as the 70 brake-cylinder BC, and on its being energized the dischargedevice of a sand-box 67 of ordinaryor suitable construction is operated to discharge sand upon the rails, this operation occurring whenever thebrake-cylinder 15 is thrown into action. The circuit connections of the sand-box coil and the-arrange-' ment of the apparatus are indicated in Fig.

-7, and, as will be apparent from an examination of that figure, the circuit through the 8d coil SC will be intermittently shunted, and j consequently the armature of the coil will be intermittently attracted and withdrawn. The armature is connected by a rod 68 with the sand agitating and discharge devices within the'b'ox, to which also, or directly to the rod 68, is applied a spring 69, that serves to'retract the armature when the-current is shunted from the coil SC.

The brake-switch-locking device LD is or 0 may be' an electromagnetic device of the same construction as that of the brake-cylinder BC.

To provide manual control of the lever 61 to effect at will the release of the'brake-locking devices, this lever is connected by rods and chains 70 with foot trip devices 71, located at each-end of the car,'and to insure proper insulation of theseveral electrical apparatus an insulation 72 is interposed in each' such connection 70. A system employing a 1'06 ground connection has been shown. Obviously the'invention' is applicable to other arrangementsof circuits. It, will be observed '..that the release-coil is in circuit when the brakeswitch is in its normal position, sothat it acts to release the locking device when the power-switch is movedto admit current to the motor; also, that during the earlier positions to which the brake-switch is moved it is I out of operation, (bein'gshunted parno ticular organization which I have elected a illustrate,) and hence thev'ehicle maybe ar- "rested by the application of the brakes and the brakes remain locketlto thewheels, to j be, however, released by-the action of the coil when the brake-switch is returned to no mal position. Provision is thus made for bolding the car, as on a grade orotherwise, when; no current is developed in the motor-circuit.

When the brake-switch is moved'iarther, as no for an emergency stop, then the release-coil is put into operative relation to its circuit and acts as already described; The motorm'an has-therefore nothing special ,to learn or do,

and completecontrol of the car under all :25

conditions is aflorded. It is obvious that some of the featu'res'ol my invention afiording certain .novel results maybe used without the others,-that in res pect to the several operations and the general operation of the system-as a whole'the different pieces of apparatus may vary widely in construction from'what is shown in the drawings and above described without departing from the invention, that many variations in the electrical connections may be made, for that is largely a mere matter of wiring, and that the system is applicable in general and in detail to cars having more than one motor,

'the application of what has been shown to mr' tiple motors beings matter of adaptation,

'wiriug, and arrangement of contacts.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, cireuit'connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a controller or switch that cuts off from the motor the current that actuates it for the movement of the vehicle, effects the excitation of the motor-field by current from 'said'source and includes the winding of the brake-operating apparatus in the circuit of said source, and an electrically-operated re lay in the circuit of the motor then operating as a generator that acts to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor.

2. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and electromaguetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by which upon the operation of such switch current for the movement of the vehicle is cut ofi from the motor, the windings of the brake-operating apparatus are included in series in the circuitrof said source and current is supplied to the field-winding of the motor to excite it to act as a generator, and an electrically-actuated relay included in the circuit of the motor now acting as a generator to transfer the windings from the circuit, motor-circuit in par-.

electrically-actuated relay in the motor-cii cuit then running as a generator, operating to transfer the windings of the brake-operating apparatus from the circuit of said source to the motor-circuit.

4. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from asnit-able source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanismoperating apparatus, of a battery or second source of electrical energy carried upon the vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch device, a con- 3 troller or switch and contacts and circuit connections whereby on the operation of the controller the circuit from said first-named source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit :from said source, the current from said battery or second-mentioned source of trollerthe circuit from said first-named source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit from said source, the current from said battery orsecond-mentioned source of electrical energy is directed through the fieldwinding of the motor and the relay included -in the circuit of the motor now running as a generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor, and an electromagnetic device for releasing the fender also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a gen:

orator.

6. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating' apparatus, of a battery or second source of elecelectrical energy is directed through the field tions whereby on the operation of the contrical energy carried u pen the vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch device, a controller or switch, contacts and circuit connections whereby on the operation of the controller the circuit from said first-named source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit from said source, the current from said battery or second-mentioned source of electrical energy is directed through the fieldwinding of the motor and the relay included in the circuit of the motor now running as a generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor, and an electromagnetic device also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator for. operating the sandfor supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic Blake-mechanism-operating apparates, of a battery or second source of electrical enerfi carried upon the vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch'device, a. coctfrollor or switch, contacts and circuit connections whereby on the operation of the controiilr the circuit from said first-named source I the motor is opened, the winding of the-'brape-operating apparatus included in the cirouitfrom said source, the current from "lw sail battery or second-mentioned source of ,eleetrical energy is directed through the'fieldwinding of the motor and the relay included in the circuit of the motor nowrunni ng as a generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the ircuit of the motor, an electromagnetic dev ce for releasing the fender also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator, and an electromagnetic device also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator for operating the sanddischarge devices.

8..I'be combination of' a motor mounted upon a vehicle and adapted to be operated by current from a suitable source, a power-switch for controlling the admission of current to the motor from said source, braking mechanism, an electrically-operated brak'e-mechanism-operating-apparatus, a switch for controlling its action, and an electrically-oper ated locking device applied to the brakeswitch on the actuation of such switch and which after the actuation of the brake'switch revents its return to normal position until a terthe power-switch for admitting current I the motor is opened.

9. The combination of a motor mounted u on a vehicle and adapted to be operated by c rrent from asuitable source, a power-switch for controlling the admission of current to the motor from said source, braking mechanis an electrically-operated brake-mechanis -operating apparatus, a switch for controllin its action, an electromagnetic locking de ice applied to the brake-switch and receivin current from said source when the powersw tch is in the position to admit current to the motor, and acting after the brake-switch has been moved forward to prevent its return to normal position until the power-switch is opened.

' 10. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source for the forward movement of the 'vehicle, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operatin g apparatus,

of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by whichlupon the operationof such switch current for the movement of the vehicle is cut off from the motor, the field of the motor shunted, the shunt then opened, and then the field of the motor excited so that it will act as a generator and the brake-operating apparatus actuated by the current therefrom to effect the application of the brakes; whereby upon the return movement of the switch the field of the motor is shunted and so denergized before the generator circuit of the armature is opened.

11. The combination with anelectric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of means for cutting oif from the motor current for the movement of the vehicle, introducing the brakemechanism operating apparatus into the circuit of said source, and for exciting the field of the motor so that it will run as a generator, and an electricallyoperated relay or switch included in the circuit of the motor now running as a generator and acting to transfer the winding of the brake-mechanism-operating apparatus into the motor-circuit.

12. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism, and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch that cuts otf from the motor the cur rent that actuates it for the propulsion of the vehicle, includes the winding of the brakeoperating apparatus in the circuit of said source and effects the excitation of the motorfield by admitting thereto current from a suitable source, an electrically-operated relay in the circuit of the motor then running as a generator and contacts and circuit connections whereby upon the operation of said relay the windings of the brake-operating apparatus are transferred to the motor-circuit and commutated to adapt them to the current generated by the motor.

13. The combination with the wheels and braking mechanism of a vehicle, of an electrically-operated apparatus for applying the brakes to wheels, a brake-locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position into which they are drawn, an electrically-operated brake-release mechanism, circuit connections and a brake-switch movable in one direction from its normal inactive position and on the actuation of which to apply the brakes the brake-applying mechanism and the release mechanism are both included in the-brake-circuit whereby the release mechanism is energized while the brake-applying mechanism is in operation to prevent the looking and slipping of the wheels on the rails.

14. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lockthe brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic apparatus receiving current for its vitalization at the same time that the brake-actuating apparatus receives its current and tending to throw the brakedocking mechanism ontof action, and a brake-switch on the movement of the switch from its normal position in a direction to apply the brakes, current from said source is cut oif from the motor, the motor'excited and the brake-applying mechanism and release mechanism are both included in the circuit of the motor then running as a generator.

16. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electro- -magnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controller for admitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels and contacts and circuit connections whereby in the earlier or first movements of the brake-switch said releasing apparatus is rendered inoperative but during a further movement of said switch current is admitted to its winding to render it operative.

17. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending 1 to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controller for admitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels and contacts and circuit connections whereby the winding of said releasing apparatus is shunted in the earlier movements of the brake-switch from its normal position to render it inoperative and said shunt is opened and said apparatus thrown into active operation during further movement of the brake-switch.

18. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking meciitxnism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip and throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, circuit connections by which when the power-switch is in position to admit current to the motor the electromagnetic releasing apparatus is included in the circuit of said source, a brake-switch and circuit connections by which on the actuation of the latter switch the apparatus for applying the brakes and the releasing apparatus are included in the braking-circuit whereby the releasing apparatus is energized when the brake-switch is returned to its normal position and thepower-switch is in a position'to admit current to the motor.

1 9. The combination with the w? eels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the .orward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor on the vehicle and adapted to pro pel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controller for advmitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, and contacts and circuit connections whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal position to several of its earlier positions the winding of said releasing apparatus is shunted and the shunt opened during further movements of said switch, and whereby when the brake-switch is in its normal position and the power-switch is in position to admit current to the motor the winding of said releasingapparatus is included in circuit with the motor. r

20. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a controller or switch that cuts.

off from the motor the current thatactuates it for the movement of the vehicle, includes the winding of the brake-operating apparatus in the circuit of said source, and an electrically-operated relay in the circuit'of the motor then operating as a generator that acts to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor.

2L The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by which upon the operation of such switch current for the movement of the vehicle is cut oft? from the motor,'the windings of i circuit of the motor now acting as a generator to transfer the windings from the-circuit oflslaid source into'the motor-circuit in par- 3 e 4 22. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and-electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of means for opening the circuit between the motor andssaid source, including the windings of the brake-operating apparatus in the circuit of said source, and an electrically-actuated relay in the motor-circuit then running as a a generator, operating to transfer the windings of the brake-operating apparatus from the circuit of said source to the motor-circuit.

23. The combination of a motor mounted upon a vehicle and adapted to be operated by current from a suitable source, a powerswiteh for controlling the-admission of current to the motor from said source, braking mechanism, an electrically-operated brake-' mechanism-operating apparatus, a switch for controlling its action, and an automaticallyoperated locking device applied to the brakeswitch onthe actuation of such switch and which after the actuation of the brake-switch preventsits return to normal position until after the power-switch for admitting current to the motor is opened.

24. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source for the forward movement ofthe vehicle, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by which, upon the operation of such switch, current for the movement of the vehicle is cut off from the motor,

the field of the motor shunted, the shunt then.

opened, and the brake-operating apparatus actuated by the current from the motor to effeet the application of the brakes; whereby upon the return movement of the switch the fleld of the motor is shunted and so deenergiz'ed before the generator-circuit of the armature is opened.

a 25. The combination with an electric inotor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, akingmechauism and an electromagnetic b ake-mechauism-ope'rating apparatus, of means for cutting ofi from the motor, current for the movement of the vehicle and introducing the brake-mechanismoperatiug apparatus into the circuit of said source, and an electrically operated relay or switch included in the circuit of the motor now running as a generator and acting to transfer the windingof the brake-mechanismoperating apparatus into the motor-circuit.

26. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism, andelectromagnetic brake-mechauism-bperating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch that cuts 0E frointhe motor the current that actuates it for the propulsion of the vehicle and includes the winding of the brake-operating apparatus in the circuit of, said source, an electrically-operated relay in the circuit of the motor then running as a generator and contacts and circuit connections whereby upon the operation of said relay the windings of the brake-operating ape paratus are transferred to the motor-circuit and commu tated to adapt them to the current generated by the motor. 4 27. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle of an elec-- tromagnetic brake-applying mechanism, a brake-locking mechanism ,an electromagnetic brake-releasing mechanism, a motor, apower-' switch for admitting current to the motor from a suitable source, a brake-switch and circuit connections by which on the movement of the switch from its normal position in a direction to apply the brakes, current from said source is out 01f from .the motor, and the brake-applying mechanism and release mechanism are both included in the circuit of the motor then running as generator. 28. The combination, on an electrically-. driven vehicle or car, of the electric motor, a power-switch controlling current from the main son rce to the motor, an electromagnetic brakewinding, a brake-switch, and means whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal-or'inactive position the following automatically occurs, first current from the main source is sent through the brake-winderator in closed circuit, and third on proper rise of current in said generator-circuit the brake-winding is included therein.

29. The combination, on an electricallydriven vehicle or car,--of the electric motor,a power-switch controlling current from the main source to the motor, an electromagnetic brake-winding, a brake-switch, and means whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal or inactive position thefollowing automatically occurs, first current from the main source is sent through the brakewinding, second the motor is connected as a generator in closed circuit,and third on proper rise of current in said generator-circuit the brake-winding is included therein, and fourth the main source disconnected from the brakewinding.

30. The combination, on an electricallys driven vehicle or car, ofthe electricmotor, a

power-switch controlling current from the automatically occu-rs',' first current from the main source is sent through the brake-winding, second the motor is connected as a generator in closed circuit, third on properrise of current in said generator-circuit the brakewinding is included therein, and fourth the main source disconnected from the brakewinding, and on reduction of current in said generator-circuit below that required to efiect to the inclusion of the brake-winding in said :5 tuated'by current in said generator-circuit to.

thereafter connect the brake-winding in said circuit irrespective of the position of the power-switch.

32. The combination; on an electricallydriven vehicle wear, of a motor, a powerswitch controlling current from the main source to the motor, an electromagnetic brakewinding,a brake-switch, means whereby when the brakeswitch is moved from its normal itiou the brake-winding is automatically ncludod in the circuit of the main source and the motor is automatically connected as a generator in closed circuit independentof the brake-winding, means automatically actu- 4o ated by current in said generator-circuit to thereafter connect the brake-winding in said circuit irrespective of the position of the power-switch and means controlled by the movement of thebrake-switch to regulate the braking action.

33. The combination, on an electricallydriven vehicle or car, of a motor, a powerswitch controlling current from the main source to the motor, an electromagnetic brakevwinding, abrake-switch,means whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal position the brake-winding is automatically included in the circuit of the main source and the motor is automatically connected as a genorator in closed circuit independent of the brake-winding, means automatically actuated by the current in said generator-circuit to thereafter connect the brake-winding in said circuit irrespective of the position of the power-switch and means controlled by the movement of the brake-switch for regulating the braking action when the, brake-winding is energized by current either from the main source or from the motor running as a gen- 65 orator.

34. The combination, on an electricallythe brake-switch is moved from its normal position the brake-winding is automatically included in'the circuit of the main source and the motor is automatically connected as a generator in closed circuit independent of-the b'rake-winding, and means operated by rise of current in the generator-circuit to include automatically the brake-winding therein and disconnect it from the circuit of the main source, and on diminution of current in said generator-circuit to automatically cut out the brake-winding from said circuit and include said winding again in the circuit withthe main source.

'35. The combination, on an electricallydriven vehicle or car, of amotor, a. powerswitch controlling current from the main source to the motog an electromagnetic brakewinding, a brake-swi tch, means whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal position the brake-winding is automatically included in the circuitof the main source and the motor is automatically connected asa generator inclosed circuit independent of the brake-winding, means operated by rise of current in the generator-circuit to include automatically the brake-winding therein and disconnect it from the circuit of the main source, and ondiminution of current in said generator-circuit to automatically cut out the brake-winding from said circuit and include said winding again in circuit with the main.

switch is set: the motor is disconnected from the main source, the brake-winding included in said source, the motor connected in closed circuit as a generator and on rise of current in said generator-circuit the brake-winding is included therein and disconnected from the main source.

37. In an electric braking system for cars or vehicles, the combination of the electric motor, a source of energy from which it is supplied, an electromagnetic brake -winding, brake-switch contacts and means whereby when the brake-switch contacts are moved from normalposition the brake-winding is automatically included in circuit with the main source, the motor automatically connected in 1 closed circuitas a generator and on proper rise of current in said generator-circuit the brakewinding isautomaticall included therein.

38. In an electric braking system for cars or vehicles, the combination of the electric motor, a source of energy from which it is supplied, an electromagnetic brake-winding,

' brake-switch contacts and means whereby when the brake-switch contacts are moved from normalposition the brake-winding is antomatically'in cluded in circuit with the main source, the motor automatically connected in closed circuit as a generator and on proper rise of current in said generator-circuit the brake winding is automatically included therein and disconnected from the main source.

39. In an electric braking system for cars or vehicles, the'combination of the electric motor, a source of energy from which it is supplied, an electromagnetic brake winding, brake-switch contacts and means whereby when the brake-switch contacts are moved from normal position the brake-winding is antomatically included in circuit with the main source, the motor automatically connected in closed circuit as a generator and on proper by when said contacts are moved from normal position, the main source is automatically disconnected from the motor and the winding of the brake-applying devices included in circuit with said source, the motor connected on closed circuit as a generator, means whereby on-rise of current in the generator-circuit the winding of the brake-applying devices is included therein, and an electromagnetic brakereleasing device in the generator-circuit.

JOSEPH N. MAIIOXEY. Witnesses; EDWARD C. Davmsox, WILLIAM A. STALELIX.

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