USRE11999E - burgum - Google Patents

Description

Nu. ll,999. Reissued lune l0, I902.

J; BURGUM. STEAM TURBINE. A nmc ion filed Dec. 26, 1901.,

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BUBGUM, OF RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Reissued. Letters Patent No. 11,999, dated June 10, 1902.

Original No. 641,074, dated January 9 1900. Application for reissue filed December 26, 1901. Serial No. 87,239.

To all? whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN BURGUM, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 43 Rua'do Rozario, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following .is a specification.

My invention relates to a reversible steamturbine of the circumferential-flow type, in which the steam actuates either direction in the same conditions and power.

The drawings annexed show the views as follows: I

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the center of a set of three turbine-cylinders.

- Fig. 1' is a'similar section showing the fur-' rows or blades upon therevolving drum, said figure being upon asome'what large scale and showing the whole of thecentral cylinder and shows end elevation of Figs. 1 andv-2.

a portion only of the high-pressure cylinder.

Fig.2 is a plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 2" is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 1". Fig. 3 Fig.4

4 g is an enlarged section across the lines E Eand D D in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a similar view showing another kind of blades on the revolving drum. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively enlarged partial section views acrossbroken lines I H in Fig. 4 and L M in Fig. 5,-showing fixed partition-rings with blades on each side and the revolving pa'rtition-rin gs fixed to drum. Fig. 8 shows the steam-ports in cylinder. Fig. 9 shows the reversing-valve,with a shaft extending' through a packed stnfiing-box. Figs. 10 and 11 show the ball bearings. Fig. 12 shows the three compound turbine-cylinders telescoped in one another. Fig. 13 shows a crossseetion through the line P Q in Fig. 12. v

Each turbine-cylinder is constructed, with a fixed cylinder having a revolving drum i-n-j. ternally fixed onto the motor-shaft. The cyl- 50 and exhausting out at the two ends of cylinder when reversing. Each end of cylinder is closed by a cover while the motor-shaft passes through its center. The cylinders contain a number of fixed rings or directingblades each side of apartition, as shown by drawing Fig. 4, in which one of the blades 85 or 86 extends in each section to keep the steam from circulating around the circumference. The revolving drum haspartitions with furrows or blades 24, as shown by Figs. 4 and 5, which correspond with those fixed to cylinder, Fig. 5.

The steam afterdoingits work in the highpres'sur'e cylinder, which is shown at the left hand in Figs. 1, 1, 2, and 2, is admitted at 14 to the cylinder 44, passing through the center of reversing-valve 10 to. the ports 15 and 16 in valve 10 in the position of valve as shown. These ports are in communication with the ports :17 and 18, which lead,-respectively, to the annular chambers 19 and 20.

The steam now passes through a narrow space 21 and 22 around the end of the cylinderand flows through the first section of fixed directing-blades 23, directing the steam, which now impinges onto the furrows or blades 24, on the revolving dru 25,-giving motion in the directionof the a row 26 shown in Fig. 4.

The steam now passes through the partition 27 along the furrow 24, striking the partition .29, fixed to the revolving drum. Its course is now changed,and it impinges onto the fixed directing-blades 2,8, which rebounds a portion of its force ontothe furrows or blades 24 in the direction of the arrow26; The steam is now about to repeat the -same as above doscribed, alternately passing the-fixed and revol ving partitions, impinging onto the furrow or blades until it arrives at the center o'f"cylinder, which has a space between the jL-bIade-rings forming an annul -nhamber 44 v between'the cylinder and the vrum. .It now passes through the cylinder-ports 30 and 31,. passing to the valve-chamber 33 to the outlet through the exhaust-pipe 34. In this form the steam flows through each turbine-cylinder from one to the other until'the steampressure is reduced'down tothe atmospheric pressure and then discharged toa condenser. To-r'everse, the lever 35 is pulled over :to the opposite side by the hand-lever 36, as shown versing -'valve 10 are now brought in. communicationwith the in center of .cvlin' in planfFig. 2. The ports '15 16 in'the recylinder, flows toward both ends of cylinder. first through the fixed section of directing.-

blades 28 in Fig. 4, impinging onto the furrows or blades 24 on the revolving drum 25,

"git returns back to the cylinder-coversbetween the fixed cylinder 48 and the revolving giving motion i'n the direction as arrow 37; The steam is now flowing toward theaxis. It now passes through the partition 27 along the furrow or blade 24,striking the re'volving'partit'ion 29, fixed to the drum 25. Its course is now changed, being from the axis. u The steam now impinges onto the fixed directing-T blades 23, which rebounds a portion of its force onto the furrows or blades 24 i'nthe same direction as arrow 37. Thesteam now repeats the same alternately until it reaches the ends of cylinder. where it passes into the.

annular chambers 19 and 20,throngh the ports 17 and 18, into the valve-chamber 33,.and out through the exhaust-pipe 34.

Fig. 12 shows the three turbine-cylinders telescoped into one,obtaining the same efiective power in the same space as the low-pres sure cylinder. This form of.turbine issuitable for land purposes where not required to be reversed. 47 is the fixed high-pressure cylinder. 48-is the fixed intermediate-pres: sure cylinder. 49 is the low-pressure cylind'er'. 47 and 48 are fixed to the cylinder-covers. 5051 5253a1ethe high-pressure, inter-' mediate, and low-pressure revolving cylinders fixed to a division-plate 54. The motor-- shaft 55 is secured in the center and passes through the cylinder-covers 50.' The: shaft runs on balLbearings, as shown by Figs. and11.

Fig. 13 is across-section through the line'-.

letters P Q, showing the fixed cylinders 47 48 49, which carry the fixed directing blades ,and the revolving cylinders 51 52 53, which carry the revolving blades. (Same as shown in. Figs.

4 or 5.) The blades 28 in Figs. 4 and-5 are omitted in'this form of turbine.

' The steam is first admitted into the supplypipes 66'and'67 both at the same time and then into the annular chambers 68 and 69.

The steam now flows to the axes through the first. rings of fixed directing blades on the fixed cylinder 47, impinging ontothe furrows or blades 24, which are fixed to the-revolving drum 51, giving motion in the direction as arrow 26. The steam now flows from the axes between the fixed partitions and the partitions 29 on the revolving drum, which partitions will be the same as shown by Fig. 6. The blades 28 are omitted. The steam is now about to repeatthe same through the next ring of fixed directing-blades, flowing to the axes,'impinging onto the furrows or blades which are fixed to the revolving cylinder, then flowing from the axes to be'directed again, and so on, until the steam has passed through the series of blade-rings and 'covers.

cylinder 53 to the annular chambers 76 and 77.,' The steam now flows through these sets of fixed'and revolving blades the same as aforedescribedl. This cylinder being larger than the former, the steam here expands to a lower pressure'still, ,and when arriving at the annular chamber 7 8 the steam is reduced to the atmospheric pressure,where it exhausts out through the outlet-pipe 79 to a condenser 'or to the atmosphere.

38, Fig. 1,"is anbrdinary governor, worked by a worm on the motor-shaft. The lever 39 is oscillated by thegov'ernor 38, which actuates theflevei 40,bein g connected to the throttle yalve 41, cuts off the steam-supply as required to maintain' a uniform speed. Across the lines 01 rise, Fi 7,'-the partition-rings 43, which are fixed to the cylinder, extend bet-ween the revolving" blades-on the drum, and the partition-rings 42, which revolve with the drum, extend between-the fixed blades in cyl- I employ ball-bearingaas" shownby Figs.

10- and 11,:for the shaft to run on. The ball- I i chamber '80 is filled with oiL'aIIoWingthebalIs I to runin the'lu bricaut.

These bearings have the dead-weight of the shaft and'the-rev'olvingdrum to contend with. only, as thethrust onto the end of drum is perfectly balanced. A ring 81 is placed at the inner side of bal l casing. This'ring has springs to ,keep' the steam from passing through the cylinder A spiral spring 82 forces this. ring against the revolving drum 83. Between this ring and the ball-casing there is an oil-chamber 84, which lubricates the face of drum 83 through small holesrin the ring 81. By these means no steam is allowed to escape through the bearings. Each'cylinder-cover is fitted with these bearings.

Steam-turbines constructed in accordance with my invention as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, will run in either direction under. thesame conditions andwith the same power. It can be operated also by steam, air, water,

or any suitable fluid.

On reference to the drawings it will be seen that my impro'ved steam-turbineincludes an external fixed cylinder and an internal revolving drum having their interior and exterior surfaces provided with a series of Iongitudinal steam-directing blades and a series] of transverse steam-directing partitions intersecting said blades, the blades and partitions ,termina'ting centrally between the ends of the cylinder and drum to provide a central annu lar steam-chamber, and the edges of said partitions being substantially in line with the outer edges of the blades.

Having thus particularly described my invention and the manner of working same, I claim as follows:

1. The combination, in a steam-turbine, of an external fixed cylinder and an internal revolving drum, having their interior and exterior surfaces provided with a series of longitudinal steam-directing blades, and a series of transverse steanrdirecting partitions intersecting said blades; the blades and partitions terminating centrally between the ends of the cylinder and drum to provide a central annular steam-chamber and the outer edges of said partitions being substantially in line with the outer edges of the blades.

2. The combination, in asteam-turbine, of a fixed cylinder having attached steam-directing blades 23 and partitions 27 on its interior, a revolving drum arranged within said cylinder and having attached steam-direct ing blades 2; and partitions 29 on its exterior coasting with those on the interior of thefixed cylinder, and steam-ports and a steamreversiug valve arranged centrally between the ends of said cylinder'and drum and governing all of said ports, to admit steam at the center and exhaust from the opposite ends of the cylinder and drum, or to admit steam at the opposite ends of said cylinder and drum and exhaust from the center thereof, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a steam-turbine, of a fixed cylinder having an annular steamchamber centrally between its ends, and a plurality of steam-directing blades and partitions on its interior from the annular steamchamber to its opposite ends, a revolving drum arranged within the fixed cylinder and having a pluralityoi' steam-directing blades and partitions on its exterior from said annular steam-chamber to its opposite ends, the steam-ports leading from the center of the cylinder to its opposite ends and to said annular steam-chamber, and a steam-reversing valve controlling said ports to admit steam direct to the central annular steamchamber and exhaust from opposite ends of the cylinder and drum or to admit steam to the opposite ends of the cylinder and drum and exhaust from the central annular steamchamber, substantially as described.

4.- The combination, in a steam-turbine, of a fixed cylinder having a set of steam-ports and an" aunular steam-chamber centrally between its ends, alongitudinal, rotary motorshaft, a rotary drum arranged on said shaft within the fixed cylinder, and'an oscillatory reversing-valve controlling the set of steamports at the center of the cylinder and serving to admit steam direct to said central annular steam-chamber and exhaust from opposite ends of the cylinder and drum, or to admit steam to the opposite ends of the cylinder and drum and exhaust from the centralannular steam-chamber, substantiallyas described.

5. The combination, in a steam-turbine, of anexternal fixed cylinder and an internal revolving drum having their interior and exterior surfaces provided with a series of longitudinal steam-directing blades, and a series of transverse steam-directing partitions intersecting said blades; the blades and parti-.

tions terminating centrally between the ends of the cylinder and drum to provide a cen-.

tral, annular steam-chamber, with a steam inlet and steam-valve in the cylinder opposite to, or in coincidence with, said central, annular steam-chamber, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set myhaud in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, I JOHN BURGUM.

Witnesses: Y

J ULES GERA'UD, G. F. BUTCHER.

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