USRE11775E - Best available cop - Google Patents

Description

G. PAGE. COMBUSTIAUN ENGINE.

(Application illed Hay 23, 1898.)

neissue'u sept; 2s, lsss 5 shunts-Sheet 1 No. ||,775`. Y Rei'ss'ued sept. 26. 1899i. A. G. PACE. conuslon ENGINE.

(Applicntion Blad May 23, X898.)

SheetSV-VSheet 3 Vial.. IIIIMWM., IIA.

Wzflne ses.

Reissued Sept. 26, |899.

- A. a. PACE.

CUMBUSTIUN ENGINE.

(Application manny 2a, 189s.,

Wmf n castas GIP No. n,775,.; Y neissuen sept. 2s, lass.

` --.A. PACE.

GOMBUSTION ENGHIE.

5 Sheets-SMM 5 invention.-

at right angles to that shown in Fig.

BEST AVAILABLE coiD` UNIT-ED STATES PATENT (')tiuttsl nucus'rus G. Piton-jen NEW YORK, N. v.-

coivlsusTioN-i-:NeINE.A

SPECIFICATION forming part of Reissued Letters Patent No. 11,775, dated September 26, 1899. Original No. 588,456, dated August 17,1897. Application for reissue tiled May 23, 1898. Serial No. 681|5il6.

To all 'wmnt'r't may concern.-

l'e it known that l, AUGUSTUS G. PACE, ot

New York city, in the county and State of New York,have invented a new and Iii-.proved Combustion-Engine, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to engines, and more particularly to that class thereof in which a combustible material or uid is ignited' to permit tlie expansive force thereof to operate a piston and which are generally designated as gas-engines.

The object of the invention is to provide a double-acting engine of this character in which a plurality of pistonsare simultaneously acted upon in such manner that the force exerted by the combustible material on one side of one piston is equal to the force exerted on the ot-her side of another piston, thereby to produce a relatively perfectly-bat auoed engine in which the ordinary shocks which take place in gas-engines areavoided or reduced to a minimum.

A further object of lthe inventionis to provide' a gas-engine effective in operation and which as compared with analpicus devices of this character developing the si, ue amount of power will be simple in construct-ion and of materially less weight and bulk.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure lis atop view of one forni ot' engine embodying this Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view thereof, taken in line a ci, Fig. 53. is aviewof this form of engine, partly in vertical section. Fig. 4 is a like View, but taken Fig. 5' is a plan view of one organization of pistoncylinders and combustion-chambers, the end or top plate ot' the casing being removed. Fig. 6 is a Vertical sectional View o't one forni of a combustible fluid or material supply device-such, Vfor instance, as a carburetor. Fig. 7 is a side view thereof, looking toward the left hand and partly in section, sai/d device heilig shown connected with the exhaustconduit. .Fig 8 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, showing one form of igniting mechanism which maybe used in connectionV with this itt rroved engine.' Fig. 9 is a detail view of one torm'of device for separating the Lmarking points ot said iquiting mechanism.

Figs. l() to 15, inclusive, are vertical sectional views of the present organ-ization of pistoncylinders and combustion-chambers for the purpose of illustrating the operation of the engine; and Fig. 1G is adiagramin-atic view, on an enlarged scale, illustrating the work performed by the pistons during each stroke thereof.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in thediftercnt figures o the drawings.

Asa preface to a further description of this limproved engine, it will be understood that while the same is shown in the drawings as an upright engine and'described herein as having anexplosive force effective at the under side of one pistou and the upper side ot' the other piston, it will nevertheless be un: dei-stood that such engine may be disposed in a horizontal or in any other desired position, so that the terms under and upper or their equivalent expressions as used herein are to beinterpreted to mean in the descrip- `tion and claims as one ,or the other side ot the pistons, as the case may be.

I furthermore desire 'to state that the organization herein shown and 'described may be more or less varied without'departing from the scope of the invention, which comprises in a general way a plurality of pistons so'or. ganized that the force which operates at one side of one of the pistons simultaneously operates at the other side of another piston and may also'operate first .at one side 0E the pis` tous and then at the opposite sides thereof, so that said pistons are simultaneously operative in opposite directions, each under a force equal to a force exerted .on its companion piston, and that whatever organization accomplishes this result is within the scope et this invention. l

This im proved gas-enginecom prises in one form thereof herein'shown and described and which may be its preferred form, if'desired, a plurality of piston-cylinders, each having a piston therein and a plurality of combustion-chambers, each combustion-chamber IOD- plosive gases will pass simultaneously into each ot4 said cylinders, said covlnbnstion-chal'n- BEST AVAILABLE cor` 2 4 myers bers having` induction and educiion passages' cr ports to permit the intiownnd outtiow, respectively, of fresh and spent'combustible materiel, the induction and exhaust thereof being effected in the present `instance by means of the pistons, the induction' preferably'by the suction created by such'pistons and the exhaust preferably from a rotary part of the engine put in operation by said fro pistons, and said combustioxbchambers having connected therewith suitable means for supplying combustible material nnd'with ing compartment, which may comprise a pnir of com bustion- chztmbers 3 and 4, lu the present organizationof enginesh'owu herein thesev chambers are disposed inthe casing forming the piston-cylinders and nre shown herein 3o vns disposed intermediate said cylinders, one or the upper end of the combustion -.chamger zbeing in communication with one cylinder, as 'the cylinder 1 adjacent to one or the upper end thereof, by means oieJ suitable port or passage 5 of suitable nre-n, while the opposite or lower end of seid chamber-3 isjitt communication with the other cylinder?, nd-

jacent to one or the lower `end/thereof, by e like port or passa-ge 6, lWhile lvone or-Lhe upc per end of the other combustion-chamber 4 isin communica-tion with the cylinder 2, ad 'jacent to one or the upper end thereof, by a similar port or passage 7', whilejts opposite 4or lowereud is-in communication with the 215 cylinder l, adjacent to one or nt the lower end thereof, by :t likel port o'r passage 8, from which it will be seen that each combustion` chamber is in communication with n pair of piston-cylinders, beingr inv communication 5c adjacent to one end with thecylinder at one side thereof and 'in comm unit-.attico adjacent to the other' end with the cylinder at the other iside thereof, and that the combustiowchnm- ,il' which'communicates with one cylinder "djnent to the top thereof also communil 'entes with the other cylinder adjacent to the bottom thereof, so that when nn'explosion takes place in. either combustion -chumber expansive' gases sim ultnneous y passte each 6o vpiston-cylindcig'nt the top of one and ut the bottom of the other, n'hercby nn equul force' is exerted on each piston, thereby to operate 'the same simultaneously in opposite directions. By this organization it will be seen that-e, double-acting engine is provided in which the pistons are noted on first nt Vone side and then at the opposite side thereof.

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tending 'downward and passing 'through the cylinder-walls and preferablythrough.suit-y able "stuting boxes and 4respecetively connected with slide-blocks 11111111.18, movable vertically in guidewnys 12 and 19,'depe'ndimg from the casing. 'These slide-blocks 11 and 18ers respectively connectedoy pitmen4 13 and 20 with a driving crank-shaft 15,' the cranks lit-and 21 ogwhich are extended in" oppcsite directions, .whereby when one piston isndjnpentto one end of one cylinder the other piston is adjacent to the oppositeendot the other cylinder-illicit is to say, when one4 piston is adjacent tothe bottom of its Dis csed id'tic-eylinderlis a piston 9 and -v lie cylinder '2' is a. piston v16, cachot which f ltony heprovided with suitn'blepae'king in the nsual manner, the'rods 10 and 17 Vof'snid pistons being shown in the present instance exl cyiinder'its companion piston is adjacent to th top of its cylinder, it being understood that theA explosions may either occur when the cranks are r substnntielly at theirvdeadcentersnnd the' pistons are correspondingly at' the extretnelimit of their strokes, the m0- mentuni of the flywheel-being sncient to carry such pistons by; their dead -ce-nters', whereby an entire stroke of the' pistons receives the full benefit of, the explosion, or snch explosions muy occur at that timevrhen the cranks are slightly oil their dead-centers and the pistons have commenced their downward stroke. The crank-shaft 15 is provided with the usual ily-Wheel 15', the momentum lol" which, due to the explosions in ltlhe com-4 'lmstion-chnmbers, will during a. predetermined period vafter such explosions recprocnt-e the pistons', thereby to pince theengine in condition for the next explosions.

vAll the walls ot' the ca singmay, if desired," be provided with waterways 22 to ullow for a circulation of'cold writer to reduce the tem persture, caused by the-explosion of gas in the combustion-chambers. v

Suitable means is provided yfor controlling the supply ofcombustible material tothe comi bustion-chnrnhers 33nd 4,'hnd in the pres'- 'entinstnnce this men-ns comprises 'n pai-r of valves, designated herein as inlet-valves,

roo

disposed one to control the passage of mate 'y irl-s1 to each com bnstionfchuniber, and for 'this purpose the present organization of engine 'is shown provided with n housingr 26, disposed at the topnf the cnsingA and which housing has a portcoinmunication 27 with t-he interior of the combustiowclmmber 3 and aportcomm unicntion 28 with' the i-n teriorof vthe combustion-chnmber 4.V Tbesc'respec ive ports are controlled by inwardly- opening valves 29 and 30, each of which is shown having;r n stem extending 'upwardly through n suitnblespider 3l., disposed -in the ports, and between which spiders and collars on *he upperends ot' the valve-stems coil-springs2 nre disposed. yieldingl y against their valve-seats, whe; cby

These springstend to hold the vslves the vulves may be opened by suction at preeser liv/umaniy COP" determined periods inthe operation of the pistons. This housing 2G, and thereby the inlet-ports 27- and 2S, is in communication, by

means cfa suitable conduit r pipe 2G', with a suitable combustible-material-supply device or apparatus, shown in the present in,- stance as a carburetor, (designated in a general way by 1),) comprisinga casing 51, mounted on the frame of the engine at anysuitable place and having a. carbnretng`chambe15l' 1 and an oil-receiving chamber 55, said carburating-chamber having therein an auxiliary or4 air chamber 52, the upper end of the wall o1V which is formed as a valve-seat, supporting a puppet-valve 53, having a depending stem 53' movable in and guided by a sockete'd 'member 53", carried bythe casing 51 and having an upwardly-extending stem 54 projectfing through the upper.wall of the casing 5l into said oil-receiving chamber 55, with which I a'r'oil-supply pipe' 56 communicates.

The opening through the upper wall of the casing l 51 is shown somewhat larger than the diameter of t'he'valve-stem 54, passing through it, so -that 'an inlet for oil is formed' between the wall of said opening and said stem. This oil or inlet opening is controlled by a valve 57, mounted on the stem 54 of said puppet-valve within the oil-receiving chamber 55. A-coiled spring 58 surrounds-an upwardly-extending arm of .this oil-controlling valve 57, being disposed betweensaid valve and the inner end of tive valve-seats.

a removable closure of the oil-receiving cham bemand serves to hold both of said valves 53 and 57 in engagement with their respecber 52 has an inlet-pipe 59 for the admission of air, which is regulated by suitable means adapted for that pu rpose,and in the presen tinstance thisadlnission of air is controlled both manually and automatically. In the present structure the means for regulating the admission of air is shown comprising a pair of perforaled disks 60 and 6l, mounted for rotation adjacent to the outer end'of the inlet-pipe 59. vThese disks are pivotally connected together at their centers, so that each may rot-ate inde- -65, mounted adjacent to one end of a rocksecured to the framing of the engine.

shaft 66, suitably supported by a bracket 67,

Adjacent to the opposite end of thisrock-shaft 66 a second arm 68 is mounted and extends in a direction .opposite to the arm 65. vThe free end of this arm engages an annular channel The auxiliary orali' cham-- formed-in a block (i9, mounted toslide vertically on a centrifugal governor-shaft 70. In

the Present Olization the governor conithrough the instrumentality of thepistons,

prises a plurality of weighted links 7l, having their upper sections pivotally connected to a collar 72, rigidly secured tothe governorshaft, the lower sections being pivoted to the sliding block 69. The governor-shaftis supported lby a suitable bearing and carries adjacent to its lower end a bevel-pinion 73 in mesh with a bevel-gear 74, mounted on one of the crank-shafts as, 45, hereinafter described. By this construction it will be seen that as the speed of the'engneincreases the governorballs carried by the links will be forced out ward bycentrifugal action, and this-motion will of course more or less rotate the disk 6l to4 regulate the openings for theadmission of air.

It is desirable that small amount of heated air shall be drawn into the carbureter-KV chamber 5l' to niX- with the fresh air and oil to'form combustible gas. For this purpose'a jacket 75 is shown mounted on the exhaustpipe 36, hereinafter described, and which jacket is provided at onev side thereof with a series of openings or perforations 76 andis connected by a conduit or pipe 77 with the i'nterior of said carbureting-chamber 51. Since itis desirable that the 'amount of heated air admitted to the carburcting-ehamber 51' shall be quite small as compared with theair adniitted through the openings in the disks 60 and 6 1, the combinedfarea of the perforations 7U is consequently somewhat smaller than the combined arca of the openings through said disks.

From the foreging it will be seen that when the inlet- valves 29 and 30 are opened by the suction of the pistons at 4the proper predetermined periods this same suction will operate through the conduit 2U", opening into the carburetor-chamber 51', to open the oilvalve 57 and fresh-air valve 53, said air-valve being shown herein of greater area than said oil-valve, whereupon fresh air will pass from the auxiliary or air chamber 52 into the carloo IIO'

bureter-ehamber 5l' andthere mingle with `thatinlet-porty the valve of which is open to the proper combustion-chamber.

It will be understood that other means for supplying the combustion -chambcrs with com bnst-ible material may be employed without departing from the scope of this invention.

After an explosion ineach ofthecombnstion- chambers 3 and 4 it is necessary to exhaust the spent gases resulting fron. such exis provided, shown herein comprising a' pair of Vexhaust-valves, one for each vcombustionchamber, and shown operative by the engine, preferably through rotary parts fthereof and plosion: and for this purpose suitable means Y. T hisod 82 is mounted to rotate end is' pro 'EST AVAILABLE COF`r ,f

and 1n the present instance a. housing is rshown secured in position-et that end of the vcasing' A opposite to that which ceri-ies the inlet-valvev-housingZ and shown herein at 5 the .under side of said casing, and which bonsing communicates with said combustionchambers 3 and-4 by means of suitable ex# "hast-ports 34 and, respeeti.'\-ely,one for each chamber, .und is. provided' with en exhaust-pip'c', leading to any suitable place, f and o n which exhaust-pipe the perforated jacket 75 hereinbefore described is mounted. .Disposed in'position to control the exhaustports 34nd V35 are the exhaust-'velves and 38, oneifor-eaeh port, and which are provided lwith depending stems 39 sind 40, projecting through suitable tubular portions" within the housing `33,.sz`iid stems being pivote-ilyl connected 'attheir lower ends with levers 41 nnd`42, which are in`turn' pivotally secured v to the frame of the engine. Coiled springs 44 are shown disposed on the valve-stems between' suitable collars thereon and the under .of the housing 33 end vserve to hold the valves yieldingly against the port-valve seats. For the purpos'eof .operating these valves at vprdete-rmined'periods to permit the cylinders and combustion-chambers to be freed of the spcn-t'gnses'resulting from the explosions gear-Wheels 47nnd' 48, meshing with a pinion 49, secured to the driving crank-shaft 1 5, the ratio of which pinion and gears in the present suitable cams 50, opel-:Maire` on the rotation of the countershefts from the driving-shaft 15.10 engage the levers '4l and 42 of the velvesten 39`and 40 at predetermined periods to alternately raisend thereby open said valves to permit the exhaust, seid cams beingfnhowu so disposed relatively to the counter-shafts es to permit this alternate operation of the ex haustsvalves', and in the presenteycie they -are shown as operative in immedintelsucces- .At the proper predetermined period it is necessary to ignite thevcornbnstibie materiel in the combustion- chambers 3 and 4, thereby to permit the expensive force theres-i to re- I ciprocate the pistons. Any suitable means operative to accomplish this purpose may be used, but inthe present instance this is neconiplished. .by-electricity. p In i 1eorgnniza tion shown' this -igniting mee-ns is in duplicate, one connected with' each ombnstiom will be deemed sucient.

` Y. chamber, and therefore a description of .one

combustion-chamber-for instance, chamber 3--is a, pnixwof sparking devices comprising rods 80 and 82, having sparking-points 7 8 and 79.v The ijod 80 extends through s tube S1, 'of insulating mn'teriahwhile the rod 8'2'is in electrical contact with 'the chambe'ewall.

counter-shafts 45 und 46 are mounted in bearings on the frame of the engine and carry instance being shown es two to one. Mounted on cachot these counter-shafts 45, and v46 me Projecting through one of the walls of n.I

vided it its cuter cud with n. handle or fingere piece S3, whereby the sperking-poiuts and '79 tney be shifted nwe); from each other, so that any sediment, such as oil,l may he aditschguged should there be nnycollectionhere of between t'uc sparking-points nnd'whereby also by shifting the pointsin one combos ioncha-moer out of engagement with each other the engine meybe arranged for single action,

as at times mcy be i'iceessnry, particularly in merino engines, wlneretyV one combustionchamber will operate the two pistons 'simnltz'nueonslgr in the manner herein set forth by an equal pressure on each. of seid pistons.A

Any desired source of .electricity may lie employed for producing e. spark between the sparking-points 7S and 79. ln the present instance I have shown e battery 84, one pole of'wliich has n. wire connection'S with the well of the combnstlomehember 3, and consequently with the spnriiingpoint '1" 9. A simple form of nicensis herein shown for nunking end jbrealing the electric circuit, and

which inthe present instance is operated. *oy l 'e rotary part of the engine, end-comprises e. gear-w heel 87 ,of insulating materiahmounted on the counter-shaft 45. flhis'insnla-ted gear wheel hes .e toothed metal block S8 in its periphery engaging et'ts inner end witllge metal ring S9, secured to the gear 57,.'and is inmesh with n pinion 9U, mounted to rotate on a, fixed bracket 9i, carried by the frame of the-enginecnd insulated therefrom 'by suitable insulnting material 92. A brush 93 isnttnehed lto the freine of .the machine and beers with its free end upon the metal ring 59; From ing-post on the outer end of the rodv 80, mid n'wire 86 from the battery'is-in connection with the brush 93, whereby ou the rotation mi the counter-shaft 45 by the driving-shaft the insulated geur 87 is rotnted to bring its 'metal block 88 into l.contact with the pin/ionj 90, whereby en' electric circuit is mede and e spark produced to ignite the combustible -msteriniin the,combustion-chamber 3. In

as follows: Assuming (see Fig. 3) that fresh uncompressed gas hes been drawn into-the IIC combnstio n-chsmher 4 through'the inletvalve 30 and into the lower part of cylinderl-and .upper pnrtof cylinder? and that combustion-chamber 3 is clear and tliztt piston 16 will shortly he in position to start upward and piston il down ward,when said piston 9 makes its downwnz'd stroke and' piston 1G its upward oise (ses Fig. l0) 'fresh uncompressed gas BEST AVAILABLE Coe vis drawn into contbustion-chamber3 and into the upper part otcylinder 1 and lower part of cylinder 2 through the inlet-valve 29, owing to the suction created by the downward movement of said piston 9 and the upward movement of said. piston 16 through the passages :Tand (i, while at thesa-me time the fresh gas previously drawn into comb ustion-ehamber -i and the cylinders 1 and is compressed by this downward movementef piston 9 and upward movement of piston 1H by means of passages 7 and S, at which time the gear S7, carried by the counter-shaft 46, has been rotated by said counter-shaft into posit-icute carry its metal block SS into contact with the pinion UO, whereupon an electric circuit is formed, a spark produced; and vthe gas exploded in said chamber i, the resulting expansive gasespassing from said chamber 4` through the passages 7 and S to the upper side of piston 1G and the under side of piston D, thereby simultaneously reciprocating said pistons into the position shown in Fig'll, which upward movement of piston J and downward movement of piston 16 thereupon compnss'the fresh gas previously drawn-into combustion-chambcr 3, at which time the other gear S7 of the counter-shaft 45 has carried its metal block 8S into position to form contact with its pinion 00, whereupon a spark is produced in said combustion-chamber 3 and a second explosion takes place, the resultant expansive gases passing from said chamba-r 3 through the passages 5 and G to the top of piston Si and the under side of piston 1G, thereby reciprocating said pistons "simultaneously into the position shown in Fig. l2, which downward movement of piston t! and upward movement.- of piston 16 force out through the passages 7 and 8 and exhaustvalve 3S the spent gases resulting from the first' explosion in chamber l, said valve 38 being opened at this time by means of the cam 50, carried by the counter-shaft 46, which at this time has been rotated into position to lift the lever 2, and thereby the valve 38. 4

rlhe pistons, owing to the momentum of the ily-wheel l5', continue to reciprocate, wherebypiston S) moves upward and piston 1G downward (see Figli), and forces out from chamber 3 through the passages 5 and 6 and exhaustvalve 37 the spent gases resulting from the second explosion, said exhaust-valve 37 being opened at this time bythe other cam 50,carried by the counter-shaft 15, and which has been rotated into position for this purpose. l This movement of the pistons, owing to the suction created through passages 7 and 8, also opens the inlet-valve 3() and draws fresh combustible material into chamber 4 and lower part of cylinder 1 and upper part. of cylinder L. The pistons continue to reciprocate owing to the momentum of the ily-wheel, whereupon piston il goes down and piston li up, (see Fig. 14,) whereupon thc fresh gas j ust drawn into chamber ft `is compressed in said chamber, and owing to the suction created through the passages 5 and (i, leading tothe chamber 3,

-87, carried by the counter-shaft 40,--.l1as car ried its metal block S8 into position to form contact with the pinion whereby a spark is produced and an explosion takes place in said chamber 4, Yas before. The expansivev gases vpassing"through the passages 7 and 8 to the underside of piston J and the upper side of pistonltl force said piston 9 upward and piston 1fidownward,'(see Fig. 15,) which action compresses `the previously-drawn-in combustible material in chamber, whereupon it is exploded in the manner hereinbefore set forth. L

From the foregoing it will be seen that when an explosion occurs in one combustion-chamber both pistons are simultaneously acted upon and reci procated in opposite-directions, and that, furthermore, in the presentcycle an explosion in one chamber immediately follows an explosion in the other chamber, after which and before the next explosions take place both chambers 3 and l are cleared of spent gases and tilled with fresh gas, and the gas in one 'of said chambers is compressed inl readiness-for an explosion, which explosionstroke compresses the gas in the other chamber, all of which will be more clearly seen by reference to Fig, 1G, in which for the purpose of clearly illustrating the operation of the pistons the chamber 3 is indicated at the top of the diagram, while chamber It is at the bottom, the heavy lines indicating "the strokes of one of the pistons-ms, for inst-ance, piston 0 of cylinder l--and which strokes correspond with those shown in Figs. 3 and 10 to 15, while the dotted lines at the commencement and end of the diagram indicate, respectively, previous and continued strokes of said piston. From this diagram itwill be seen that presu ming the pistons to be in the position shown in Fig. 3 and point .s of the diagram their movement to the position shown in Fig. 10, point o. of the diagram, draws fresh gas into chamber 3 and compresses the prcviously-drawn-in fresh gas in chamber 4 whereupon an exp'losiontakes place in cham-,. ber 4, which causes the pistons to move into the position shown in Fig. 11, pointb of the diagram, where'u pon the fresh gas just drawn int o chamber 3 is compressed and another cxplosion takes place, causing the pistons to move into the position shown in Fig. l2, point o of the diagram, thereby forcing out the spent gas in chamber 4, whereupon under the momentum of the fiy-wlieel'the pistons move into the position shown in Fig. 13, point (l ot' the diagram, and force out spent gas in chamber and draw in fresh gas in chamber 4, and continuing their reoiprocatory movement to too IKO

the position shown in Fig. 11i. point e ofthe diagram, draw fresh gas into chamber 3 and compress the fresh gus in chamber 4, whereupon au explosion takes place and the pis- 4tous uremoved the positions shown'in BEST A vAiLAeLE QOP" I t F 15, pointfoihe dia ram, whereby the fresh gas in chamber 3 is compressed and an explosion takes place, and so ou.

From the `foregoing it will be secu that when `ari-explosion 'occurs--for instance, in ohnmber 4-since there is fresh uncompressed gas 1n chambe'r thisga-s while being compressed 'acts 'as a cushion to'cou'nteract the shock caused hyan explosion of the material inl chamber 4, and when anexplosion occurs for instance, in chamber 3-since` there is spent gas in chamber 4 this acts to a certain extent while being forced out as a cushionrto counteract the shock caused by an explosion of material in chamber 3.

In concinsion,it will be seen that since the pressureon one side of one piston is equal' to that on the vother side of the other piston it follows that a perfectly-balanced engineis provided, th ns avoiding or reducingF the ordi'- nary shocks which take place in gas'enginesl as usually constructed to a lminimum and making it'practicahle to construct an engine of comparatively light weight and bulk, but having,r power equal to engines of. greater bul lt and Weight; that, furthermore, this perfect balance will'greatly reduce the-friction, therebyreducing the. amount of fuel necessary, and since the inlet-valves open directly inte the explosion-chambersthere will he no loss of heat, as in engines commonly constructed with relatively long ports orpassages, and as the ports leading from 'the com bastion-chambers to the piston-cylinders may be of relatively large arca the ignitedgas will not' be subjected to cooling.

I c -laim as my invention- .A An engine ofthe class specilied compris ing a pair of cylinders; a. Vpiston in each of said cylinders; a pair of-con1bi1stion-chani bers, each com bustion-chalnbcr communicat# ing with beth ot' said cylinders in such man not' that the pressure of exploded materia-l maybe exerted at one 'side of one piston and at the opposite side of the other piston,- and so that, also, the pistons may be acted on, first at one side, and then at the opposite side thereof,

2. A conihnstiomengine comprising a pair of cylinder-s; a. piston in each of said cylin-A ders; a pair of combustion-chambers inter' mediate said cylinders, eachof said4V combus-v tion-chambers' having communication with. one end of one cylinder and with the opposite end of the other cylinder, inv such manner that the pressnre (1f-exploded material may be exerted at one sident' one piston and' ,at theiopposite side tifthe-other. piston, ,and 'so thagalso, the pistons may be acted on, first on one side, and then at the opposite sidet'hereoi 3. A coinhstion-engine comprising a pair of ey1inders;a piston in each of said oylinders; a pair of combustion-chambers, each i combustion-chamber communioutinggwith y both of said cylinders, fio-that the pressure of exploded material will be criorted al one side of onepiston and at the opposite side of the otherpiston; and automatic means for alternately ignition explosive materialin said 5. A' combustion-engine comprisinglr a pair of cylinders; a pistou'incacli of said cylin ders; a pair of combustion-chambers, cach combustion chamber communicating with both of said vcylimlers to permit the pressure v ot' exploded material to be exerted at one side bf one piston and at. theopposite side of lthe other piston; and means for alternately controlling the exhaust of spent combustible lmaterial fronrsaid chambers. z 6. .A combustion-engine comprising a. pair of cylinders; a piston in each of said cylin- Y ders; a pair of oombustion-'chambers, cach combustion-. chamber comm uuicating with one end of one cylinder and with the opposite end of the other cylinder, so that the p ressu re' Aof' explodedmaterial may be exerted at one side of one piston and atthe opposite side of the other piston, and so that, also, the pistons may be acted on, first at one side, and

vthen at the opposite sides thereof; means for controlling the admission of combustible material to said combustion chambers; and means for controlling, the exhaust therefrom.

7.- An engine of the class specified comprisiup: a par'of cylinders; pistons operating in said. cylinders; a paix-ot combustion-cham-- bers, each havingr port communications with `both of said cylinders, so' that the press-u re of 'exploded minori-al will be exerted at one side of one piston and at the opposite side of the other piston; means for controlling the ad mission of combustible material to said com-V hustion-chambers; independent means for igniting said combustible material in `each combustion-chambem-and meansv for con trolling the exhaust from said comhnstion-chambers.

8. 'A combustionengine comprising a pair of cylinders; pistoia operating iu said cylinders; a pair of combustioirchambcrs, each having port communications with both of said cylinders, so that the pressure of. exploded material will be exerted at one side of one piston and at` the opposite side of the other piston; means for iguiting com hustible 'material in the coinbtistion-chambeijs; inletvalves operative by one partfof the engine;

and exhaustvalves operative 'hy another part thereof. f y

9.' A combustion-engine coinprisint, a pair of cylinders g a piston in each of said cy1-in BEST AVAILABLE COP" p dors; apair of comlnistioirchambe said combustion chambers'eomm with both of said cylinders, so that the pres sure of exploded material will be siinnltanc ously7 exerted at one side of one pist-on and at the opposite side of the other piston; means for alternately admitting combustible material to said chambers; means for alternately igniting said material in said chambers; and means for alternately permitting an exhaust thereof. v

10. A combustion-engine comprising a pair of cylinders; pist-ous operating in said cylinders; a pair of combusti'on-chambers, each having port communications with both of 4 said cylinders at pposite ends thereof, so

. the opposite sid of the that the pressure of exploded material will be exerted at one side ot' one piston and at other piston; means for igniting combustible material in the combustion-chambers and thrown into and out of operation by valves operated exhaust-valves a engine.

11. A combustion-engine comprising a pair of pistonlcylinders; pistons therein; a pair of combustion-chambei-S, cach having port communications with both of said cylinders; thereby to permit the pistons to be acted on, firstat one side, and then at-the opposite side thereof; a carbureter having communication with the com bastion-chamber; and means for controlling said communications.-

l2. A'combustion-cngine colnprisinga pair of cylinders; pistons in said cylinders; a pair a part of said engine; inletlso operated by a part of said of combustion-chambers, each in communi.-

cation with both ot' said cylinders; a carbu.- reterhaving comm unication with the combustion-chambers; valves for controlling said communications, means for igniting combustible material in said combustion-chambers;

` and valves for controlling exhaust from said chambers. p

13. An engine of the class specified comprisingr a plurality of cylinders; a piston in each of said cylinders; and a pluialityofcombustion-cham bers, each combustion-chamber having communication with all of said cylinrial .may be'simultaneously exerted at' one side of one piston and at the opposite side of another piston, and so that, also, said pistons may be acted on, irst at one side, and .then at'the opposite side thereof.

14. A combuston-engine comprisinga pis-v ton-cylinder; al piston the'rein; and a pairot' combastion-chambermonc com bustion-chamber having communication with said pistoncylinder adjacent to other com bustion-chamber having communication witlr said piston-cylinder adjacent to the opposite end thereof..

one end thereof, andi the bya part ot' the engine; andv pressure of exploded mate- 15. A combustion-engine 4comprising/a piston-cylinder; a piston therein; and a pair of combustion-chambermonc'combustion-chamber having communication with said piston- 'material to said chamber end thereof, and the combustion-chamber having communb cation with said piston-cylinder adjacent to 7o the opposite end thereof; means forjcoritrolling the admission of combustiblc .imiftt'erialto.A said chambersmneans'for igniting 'the coms. bnstible material; andmeans for controlling the exhaust from Asaid chambers. 7S

16. A coinlnlstion-engin'ecomprisinga pairof piston-cylinders disposed side by side; and a combustion-chamber intermediate said cyl# iuders and having communication with both 4 otsaid cylinders; means forigniting the com- 8o bustible material. in said cham ber; and means for controlling the admission of combustible and the'exhaust of spent material therefrom. 4' f 17. Acombustion-engine comprisinga pair of cylinders disposed side by side; a combustion-.chamber havingcommnnication adjacent to one end'with one cylinder and adjacent to its opposite end with the other cylin-g der; means for controlling the ad combustible material to said chamber; .means for igniting said material; and means for controlling the exhaust of spentpinateral from said chamber. I 1lb'. vA combustion -'e11gine,' embodying a 95 plurality of combustion-chambers and mechan'ism, substantially as described operative at one predetermined period to draw fresh com bustible material into one chamber and simultaneously to compress previously-drawnroc in fresh combustible material in another chamber, l.hereby `to permit an explosion thereof; then operative at another period to compress the fresh combustible material drawn into said first chamber, tlierebyto per- 'another period to exhaus't spent combustible material from said second chamber and then operative at another period to exhaust spent combustible material from said' tirstchamber 't rc preparator r to drawing lfresh combustible. material therein, and. simultaneously to draw fresh combustible material into said second., chamber preparatory to compressing the same to permit an explosion thereof, sub- 1x5 stantially as set forth. 19. A combustion engine, embodying a pair of combustion-chambers and a pai-ref pistons, organized substantially as described' to have eziplosions in said chambers in m up mediate succession, and to have intermediate said successi ve explosions spent combustible material successively forced out of said chambers and fresh combustible material successively drawn into said cleared' chamlx25 bers and compressed in one of said cham bers,

substantially as set forth.

20. A com bustion-enginc comprising; pair; of cylinders; acrank-shatt; pistons operative in 'said cylinders and operatively connected x30l mission of- 9o thereof; ncorbnrotsrhnv .nt ono sido, and

from said crankshaft cnil cniboiiiying coms.

for operating; said valves :it predetermined periods.

, 2l. Acoinbnstiowenginc comprising' spain? or cylinders; pistons operativo in scid cylinfiers; n, pair of comhnstion-chtimbers5 cach combustion-chamber having communication 'with both ot' sain cylinders, so ths'ttho pressuro oi cxpl'oded gno in noch cylinder will be simultimconsi;r esentati on the top of one pis'- ton and on the bottom oi the other piston, smi so that tho pistons 'siii be noten on, first rit one side7 tutti thon tho opposite sido coin mnnicstion with tho combusti trollingy sziiii communication;

said carburetor; and moons for anto-motioally regulating the aiirnissioitiot :tir to said inders; so that the pressnrc of exploded gas will oo exea-tori on the top of one piston anni on the bot-torn of the other piston, and so that, also, the pistons 'will be act-eci on, first nt one side, anti then et thc opposite side thereof; a. carburetor Roving communicationwith said combnstionohsinners; means for supplying atmospheric air thereto; Ameans for snppiying heated nir to the carburetor; md means for supplying oii to said carburetor.

23. 'A combustion-engine comprising ai pair of cyiinriers; apiston operative in each of said cylinders; o pnir ci cornlinstionhambers, cach in communication iithboth of said cylinders,- in such manner that the pressure of exploded gas Wili be exerted on the top of one piston and on the bottom ot' tho other piston,- tnti so that the piston Wiil be noted on, rst then st the opposite sido cof; a cnrbureterhnving communication soin, cnmbnstionfciminhers; mcns for ing fttniosphcric :tir thereto; moans for snppiyinghciitcti airto tho carburetor; means for snopiy oii to said carburetor; ztnd ns ros controllingr the passage of the corn- ,fined finiti to scid oombnstionmhanibors.

l A corni;sist-ioncngine comprising a psir g s piston in' noch of scid cylinnombrantion-chambers, nach coinbnstion-w f r having oorz'imnniosgion with. boi-h oi schil cv odors, whereby ticrprestberoin 'will operate simultaneously nt the top o ons cyiindsr and hornos/n th nthor Jiinticr; oscuros i-ch'sinbsrs g vnivcs operritiro by the snc-tion ot' tho pisionsor con-- rnenns ,formanually regniating the entrance of ,nir to of cylinders, a piston in enc I ders; a. combustion-compartment having a 'on the top of one pis in projecting-into BEST AVAlLABLE COP :i combustionfoliinibcr and having connction with smid source ot' electricity, one of said Smirking-points bomgniou'ntcd for shiftable movement, whereby it may be shifted out of 7o its operativo position; and means operativo by the cugino for making and breaking the oiectric circuit.

25. `A combustioncngne comprising a-pair of cylinriers o pair of combustion-chambers, 7 5 each combustion-chamber having communication with both of said cylinders; so that the pressure of exploded material will be ox'crted adjacent to one enti ofone cylinder and adjacent to the oppositc vend of the other cylin 8oder sininltaneonsly,` anni solthatl the pistons may be acted on, first at one side, and then .at the opposite si'dthercof'; a'nd'means for supplying combustible material tosaid comonction-chambers. 85

2G. A combustion-engine comprising a pair oi cylinders; a piston in enchof said cylinders; a. combustioncompartment having a- 'partition forming n. pair of independent combustion-chambers, cach of said chambers hav- 9o ing port communications with both of sstidA cylinders; and means for alternately admitting combustible material to said chambers.'

27. A combnstionfengine comprising a pair partition vfo ming a pair of independent comb ustion-chambcrs, each of said chambershaving` port communications with both of said cylroo and cylinders; and moans for alternately ignit-i'ng' combustible nmtoriftl-- vin said chambers.

29. A combustion-engine comprising a: cas in having two cylinders; 4pistons operating in the said cylinders; combustion-chambers 1 in the casing having port communications at.

the topand bottoni with the cylinders; so that the pressu rc of exploded gas will be-xerted on the top of one pistonA and on The bottom of the other piston; means for igniting the'gasl in the combustion-chambers; valv'os for controlling the admission of gang-'fand valves for controlling the exhamst,si1bstantiallyins speci hed.

30. A combusti "in-engine comprising'a oasing hving two cylinders; pistons operating in thocylinders; .combustion-chambers in the casing having port communications at thctop and bottom with the cylindcrspso that the pressure of the exploded gas will bc exerted the other.; means for ignitng the gas in the combustion-chambers; gas-sdmission-valvcs h of said cylin- 95 ton and on the bottom of x3 BEST AVAILABLE ooP operated by the suction ofthe pistons; and

exhaust-valves operated by a rotary part ofA bustion-chambers; valves for controlling'said communication; valves for-controlling the exhaust from the chambers; and. means for auto matically controlling the admission 'of air to the carbureter, substantially as specified.

32. A combustion-engine comprising a casing having twocyliuders and two combustionchambers; pistons operating in the cylinders;

` a carburetcr having communication with the combustion chaillbers; automatically regu lated valves for controlling said communications; automatically-operated valves for con` trolling the exhaust; an auxiliary chamber in the carbureter, the uppe'r end of the wall. of which forms a valve-seat; a valve for said' seat; an oil-inlet; a valve for said 'oildnlet having connection with the valve of the auxiliary chamber; and means for controlling and regulating the admission of air to the carbureter through the auxiliary chamber, substantially as specified.

33. A combustion-engine comprising a casing hayingtwo cylinders and two combustionchambers; pistons operating in the cylinders; a carbureter having communication with the combustion-chambers; valves for controlling said communications; an exhaust pipe; a jacket surrounding said exhaust-pipe and having perforations; a pipe connection between said jacket and the carbureter; an oilsupplyhaving connection with the carburetor; a valve for controlling the ad mission of oil a valve for controlling the admission of atmospheric air and operatingcoincidently with the oil-controlling valve; and means for regulating the admission of air, substantially as as specified. Y

34. A combustiomengine comprising a'casing having two cylinders and two combustionchambers; means for igniting gas in the com- 4,bustion-chalnbers; pistons operating in the' cylinders; a housing on the casing having po'rt communications with the combustionchambers; valves for controlling said com- 'munications and operated by the suction 'of 4the pistons; acarbureter having commuric`ation with the housing; an exhaust-pipe; valves for controlling the exhaust; a jacket surrounding the exhaust-pipe and having a series said jacket and the carbureter; an auxiliary chamber in the carburetor, the upper end of the wall oi' said auxiliary chamber forming a valve-seat; a puppet-valve for engaging the 4said oilinlet and having connection with the puppet-valve; an inlet-pipe for the auxiliary chamber; a valve in said inlet-pipe; a governor operated by. the engine; an'd a connec tion betweensaid governor and the valvein the inlet-pipe, substantially as speciiied.

35. A combustion-engine comprising a cas'- inghaving twol cylinders and two combustionchambers; pistons v-operating in said cylinders; a carbureter; having communication with thejcombustionchambers; valves for controlling said communications an air-inlet for the carbureter; two perforated disks in said inlet, one of said disks being adapted to be turned manually; and. means for auto matically Vturning the other disk, substan ltially as specified;

36. A combustion-engine comprising a casing having cylinders and combustionlchambers; pistons operating inthe cylinders; a carburetor having ,communication with the combustio'nchambers valves for controlling said communications; an exhaust pipe; valves for controlling the exhaust; va jacket of perforations; a pipe connection betweenv said seat an oil-inlet; a valve for controlling l surrounding the exhaustpipe, the said jacket having perforations through its wall and also having communication with the carburetor;

an air-inlet pipe for the carbureter; disks' mounted torotate in said inlet and having openings, the said openings having a 'greater area than the combined area of the perforatious in the jacket; and means for operating said disks, substantially as specified.

' AUGUSTUS G. PACEi Witnesses: Y

C. S. WERD,

CnAs. FINK'LER.

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