USRE11635E - And alois klose - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet I. C. 8v A. KLOSB.

' BRICK KILN.

Reissued Nov. 2, 1897.

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C. 8v A. KLOSE.

BRICK KILN.

Reissued Nov. 2, 1897.

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chambers' are'connected` with eachother by longitudinal ealoriduets whicljffmllmunicate UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'CHARLES KLosE, or DoNIrHANNEBRAsKA, AND ALoI's IILosE, or RoBE- SONIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BRICK-Kim.

SPECIFICATION' forming pari of neissued Letters ratentNo. 11,635, dated November 2, 1897. v original No. 576,'318, ma February z, 1897. Applicant for reime filed september 7,' '1397. serial metaal-1, I

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that we, CHARLES KLOSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Doniphan', in the county of Hall and State of Nebraska, and ALOIS KLOSE, `a citizen of the German Empire, residingat Robesonia, inthe.

county of- Berks and State of Pennsylvania,

-have invented certain new andusefulflmf4 provements in Brick-Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

This inventionhas reference tov certain provements in brick-kilns of that. class which are based on the principle of a continuous downdraft and in which a continuous Work- *ing is obtained by -th'e suocessiveuchargiiigf, drying, burning, cooling, and renewing of the bricks in a number of adjacentchambers, .so that the burning of the bricks is accelerated and a considerable saving of time, fuel, and labor obtained.;

Our invention cousistsof abriekkiln which comprises a series-.of chambers separated by register-vaults, said chambers being charged from one end in .theusual vmanner and.pro' vided witharehed.' crowns having transverse openings and with floors having rows of apertures communicating with longitudinal bottom ues extending below the different charnbers. Above the. register-vaults audinlinef -bers-'are arranged transverse chambers hav-- ing fire-brick combustionfiloors, said transf" verse 'chambers beingcharged with fuel, las

requiredbythe progress ofthe brick-burning These transverse combustionwith 1 the fjorowrif.o'peningemndiareeprovided Y with chargin go`peni`ngs inltheir'erowns, which 4o openings areclosedby eapsfittin'g over said openings. 'The transversecombustioirchambers are closed at one'endby doors for giving access to 'said channels,"while theopposite j vends are connected by'me'ans of crown-openv ingsy with the 'mainsmoke-iluethatextends' over saidcombustionfehambers, the openings in the smoke-flue being opened or closed by means` of dampers the rods of which pass through' the crown of the smoke-flue and are 5o operatedfrom the outside of the same. Veri. V tically above 'the centers of the openings in.

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with vthecrown-openings f the'arched chamLA the crown-openings of the individual -chalnbers peepholes and lids`fo'r covering them are arranged inl top'of the kilns,y so as to ob' serve the progress of the burning operation.` Registers .are arranged in the longitudinal operated from the transverse register-vaults, in which are arranged fuelopenings provided with thimbles and vcovers yfor dropping Aing`- Dampers are arranged in the longitudinal caloriducts-near each register-vault and transverse combustion-chamber for regulating thereby the draft through thedifferent .chambers .of the kiln, as required for drying, burning, and cooling ofthe' bricks.

. In` the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents aside elevation of the kiln with six chambers. Fig-2 isa'vertical longitudi nal section of thei same on line 2'2, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is. aplan view, partially in horizontal section, on line 3 8, Fig. 2. Fig. 4is also ahorizontal section throu'gh the lower part of the kiln taken on line 4 4,' Figf2.' Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal4 section of a portion f the drawn-on a largerscale; and Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical transverse sections drawn ona larger scaleand taken on line s 6 6 and 7 7, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of .referenceindicate correspending parts.'

downdraft can be arranged with any number of chambers, it-being preferablymade in the general shape of au oblongin one or two rows,

fines extending longitudinally throughout ythe entire lengthy of the'kiln. The arched erownsof the individual chambers'A are pro- 'vided with transverse openings a, which are arranged in line with `parallel longitudinal lbottom'ilues'of the kiln,which lregisters-are kiln, taken on .thesame line as Fig. 2, but,4

Our-improved l.brick-kiln with continuous .l

' so thata continuous firing can 'be carried on `in regular succession through the diiferent. .ehambersof the kiln. ln the drawings' a series of six chambers-.are shown, but it is obvi` with bottom lues bb'below the iioors, said IOO 6o thev fuel into the bottornilues for bottom-firi caloriducts'e', communicating with the same".k

The side wallsof 'the chambersarexpmvided with cliargingopenings, which, however, when two rows o f chambers are arranged in battery alongside of veach other are also used as discharge-openings, but when only a single seriesorbattery ofI chambersv is arranged then the" burned bricks are .preferably di`s charged at the opposite side of the kiln, 'as

shown in plan view in Fig. 4.

' Above the crown-opening a of each chainber A is arranged inwthe top' of the -kiln a peep-hole a?, which is provided with the usual thimbleandlid; so' that' theprogress of the burning` operation can bel readilyobserved in the different chambers of the kiln. :Between the' chambers. A are arrangedpartition-wallsofA 'a'..su'cient strengthf for` imparting there-- qniredstability vto theentire kiln withoutthe use of. tie-rods, said-partition-'Walls being-providedlwith transverse arched .register-vaults C, whichare open at one end'and.closed at the opposite end.` They serve for the purpose ,ofgivingI access =to the rods -of the reg isters b', which are arranged in-the bottomfluesb, and by which the draft from one chamber to the other is' controlled. In theiioor of' the register-vaults C are furtheran-r rangedfuel-openings b2, provided with thi|n blesand. lids, so-as to permit the charging'. of' fuel .into 'the longitudinalY bottom iiuesl)` in caseb'ottomh. firing should. be necessary during; the burning operation, `accordi-ng to the `kindlandxquality` ofthe bricks .to be pro` duced.. The main advantage of the bottom.

fires isf that theyincrease the hardness of the bricks in thelower courses.- The bottom vlines' bean be readily cleaned ofthe ashes inv1 the lsame by taking out some of the floor-bricks of the chamber Aandremoving the ashes by. raking orshoveling,.after which the iioorbricks are replaced..

Vertically` above the register-vaults C are Iarrangedj arched transverse combustion-- 45 chambers D, which are provided at one end with .hingedrdoorsd and connected atthe opposite ends with openings d' iti-the crownV ofi the-fines, whichopenings communicate with anarched smoke-flue F, whichextends lon gitudinally'alongv one side of the kilnabove the endsof the transverse-chambersD and communicates with the smoke-stack S,'which is arranged at one end of the kiln. The draftopeningsl d? are closed by dempers or bellf' valves f, which are raised or- .lowered by damperfrods f', that extend through the crown of the-main smoke-flueF and are providedwith handles at their upperends. The transverse combustion-chambers D are connected with thc crown-openings u of the f chambersA by longitudinal caloriducts-e,

. right-handiside of Fig. 3.

The essential object of the transverse combastion-.chambers is to utilize themlftuccesl sively as firing-chambers in the successive burning of ,the bricks in/thevar'ious chambers.v1 Al .Therefore theyare successively 'charged with' fuel through openings d2, -profrom an adjacent chamber in which. the last vcharge .of bricks has been burned are directed 'into the transverse combustion-chamber to facilitate the combustion therein and are reheated in said transverse combustion-chamberand; together with the products of coinbustion from said. transverse chamber,` are drawn-through the crown-opening of the next succeeding chamber 'A in a downward direc- 4tionand through the openingsiirthe floor thereof into thelongitudinal"bottomiiuesb b, the separating-register: b' being opened, so that the hot gases can pass in an upward direction through the 'floor-openings of another succeeding chamber A and,A through the crown-openings thereof, into the upper lon gitudinal calordiducts e, then through a comybustionchamber D, which in this instance iserves as a draft-Hue to convey the products of combustion to the flue F and finally tothe smoke-stack. The fuel is-thus charged into atrans verse combustion-chamber interposed in the caloriduct betweenlthe crown-openin gs of. two adjacentchambersY A and is-bnrned f end'offthekiln.

In `addition to their primary 'object of serving as combustion-chambers 4 the l transverse i chambers -D are successively utilized asl draftilues, but when so used. their office ascombustion-chaznbers ceases. In other words, when fuel is charged'into one of these'transverse chambers D and is ignited by the highly-v Iheated gasesfrom the chamber Al jnstpreceding it and in which the last chargeoffbrick 'has been burned the damper of a similar `chamber D, say the second one. beyond.v or succeeding the combustion-chamber to-'befred, is opened and the produotsof combustion from said combustion-chamber nowbeing fired after passing. downwardly throughthe next succeedingY main chamber andupwardly through the maincham-ber which next succeeds the lastimentioned'one passes into: the said transverse chamber D, which is now for the time being a draft passage or flue, and.

finally passes to the stack. T-hus each `ot' the ytransverse vchambers D hasA a twofold pur- IvOO IIO

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pose, namely: yfirstl and primarily, as a cham# ber fortopfiring, and; secondly,l as a draftpassage for Va preceding and corresponding chamber thatlis being usedas a firing-chamber for vits 'ownsu'ccee'ding main chamber A.

From the fioor of each of the combustionchambers D'extenifmclined ash-chutes g into the register-vaults C, 'so thatthe ashes can be readilydropped into'an ash-barrel in the latter for removal.- The lower end of thc ashchutes g c an'be readily closed by means lof paper or pasteboard, which is held in position by the suction exerted on the same. Ineach ca lor'iduct eis-located at one side of thetransversc chambersjD-a register e', the rods c2 of which are passed through the top of the kiln,

- rectly`with the adjacent end chambers of the- 55 said registers "being raised or lowered as required by thedraft to be produced during the successive firing of the bricks in the different At the end of the kiln are arranged as many fireplaces E as there are caloriducts e,which fireplaces-serve for the purpose of firing the charge in* the first'chamber A. When the charge in the first chamber A is burned, the

firing is interrupted in the fireplaces and all the firing of the charges in the remaining chambers is accomplished in the combustionchambers D bythe fuel dropped into the same through the fuel-openings of the same. By the fires in'these'chambers` D the continuous downdraft'which was first supplied for the first Vchamber from the fireplaces E is kept up in` succession through one chamber after the other,` while'the'sup'plyof air necessary for combustion is supplied tothe fireplaces and drawn through the caloriducts over' the top of the chambersto the chamber in which the firing` is rin progress. The air While -being drawn through the caloriducts is heated by' contact with the hot walls of said ducts and 4produces thereby the complete combustion of the fuel. The heatemitted from the chambers over'which the airpasses in its course to the fires also assistsin lheating the air! Aty the opposite endof the kiln Vertical channels e3 connect thelon'gitudinal bottom fines b b` with a transverse chamber D, which is connected in thesame manner with the main smoke-flue astheother chambers D. When a second row or battery of chambersis arranged alongside fthe first row, then the end 4chambers of the first row are connected disecond row, so that the firing can be continued along said row until the last chamber of the second row can be connected .with the `first chamber of the first row, so that thereby the continuous firing of the kiln canL be kept up.`

Our improved brick-kiln is operated as fol-y lows: Before fthe fire is started in the tireplaces at the `end of the kiln the first and sec'- ond chambers of the same are 'charged with vgreen bricks. The charging-openings inthe side wall or walls are then closed in the'usual manner.

The 'fires are then startedinthe `fireplaces at the end of the kilnfand'the" charge of bricksin the first chamber-is sub-H ,jected to the actionv of the fires, the first sct of registers'e in the caloriducts c being -closed and the first set of registers D' in the bottom flues opened. The heat is drawn through the charge and then conducted through .the fioorthrough the charge in the second chamber,v4 and then through the crown-opening of this Y, chamber and the next transverse combustionchamber D into thiesmokc-s'tack, thenext setr of registers e' being likewisey closed, andthe corresponding valvesy or dampers f fin the smoke-flueopened, so -as to produce the proper course ofthe draft; The fchargeinl y the second chamber A` is heatedlby thesur,-

plus heat from thc first chamber. AIn. addition thereto some of the other chambers ,can be charged with green bricks and the Lheatedproducts of combustion drawn successively through the same, so as to produce in the third chamber the Warmin g of thebricks and in the fourth chamber the so-'called y drying. or Water-smokingof the same.; Whenthe bricks' in the first chamber are. burned, the charge in the second chamber is at redk heat, the burning being` then completed lby the fires started in the first combustion-chamber D, the hot products of combustion being drawn from said fires in a downdraft through the charge in the second chamber, While the supplyvo'f air vnecessary for combustion is drawn. in through the fireplaces at the lend of the kiln. The products of combustion fromthe top fires after having been passed throughrthe charge are then drawn through the floor-openings and bottom `flue into the nekt chamber in upward direction through the same, then in 'downward direction again vto the third cham- IOO ber, and so on, so that the heat of the fires is'- fully utilized. The products of 'combustion are finally drawn oft through one of, thetransverse chambers D and the smoke-flue to the chimney. V-.Duiing the burning'of the charge f in the second chamber the heat given off by the burned.v charge in the rst chamber is. drawn of and utilized inz heating upthe'air` drawn in through thefireplaces-E andthe charges in the successiverchambers, so that allthe heat from a chargeot burned bricks inonenchamber is utilized; The burned bricks .in the first' chamber arezperniitted to yremain in the same until they have cooled off, when-they are removedjfrom the-same.` Onechamber atterthe other isthus--fired .in

succession bythe top firing in the successive burning of lthe'bricks vin the lower'courses of the next adjacent chamber `istobtained. f By .the actionof the'top fires onfthec'hargebf bricks in one chamber and' the action of tllcjj bottom fires on the lower-courses ofthe chargein the next following chamber the uniform burning of all the courses of bricks in each chamber can be produced, while by the action of the top firing alone the lower courses, and -especially the bricks in the lower courses of the chamber, would not be as uniformly burned as the bricks in the upper courses.

.The bottom firing consequently forms an important auxiliary to the top firing, as it gives thereby full control over the entire charge of bricks in each chamber and yproduces a uniform product. y f

The essential feature of car improvedbrickkiln consists in the arrangement of the transverse combustion-chambers D, so that top firing with downdraft through the individual chambers A can be successfully carried out. The top firing supplemented by the bottom firing for the next adjacent chambers and the utilization of the heat of the products of combustion in the various chambers of the kiln furnish a number of advantages, namely:

First. A uniform quality of bricks is obtained by the successive top and bottom firing applied to one chamber after the other until fully utilized ineective work.

Second. By the continuous working of the kiln from chamber to chamber no interruption in the burning takes place, so that a large quantity ofbricks can be made by a plant, the charging with green bricks taking place in one chamber, the drying in the second, the firing in the third, the cooling in' .the fourth, the removing of the cooled-od bricks from the fifth chamber, and so on, so that nearly all of the chambers are in operation.

Third. Owing to the almost com-plete utilization of the heat of the fuel and the heating up of the air required for combustion in its .way to lche fires aconsiderable saving in fuel is obtained, while owing tothe location of the fires above and below the chambers compara# tively less fuel is required for 'burning the bricks, as the heat of the fuel vand ofthe burned bricks is utilized in kiln drying and burning the bricks in the adjacent chambers.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y 1. Abrick-kiln comprisinga seriesof main kiln-chambers eachhaving anopen-ing in its crown, longitudinal caloriducts above said chambers and communicating with the crownopenings thereof, a transverse combustionchamber between each pair of main kilnchambers and to be successively fired, each of said combustion-chambers receiving the highly-heated gases of a preceding main kilnchamber and having means which enables each combustion-chamber to connect with the smoke-fluewhereby it serves as a draft-passage for a corresponding preceding combustion-chamber in which fuel is being burned.

2. Abrick-kiln comprisinga series of main kiln-chambers having top openings, a fireplace or combustion-chamber for they initial chambenca ealoriduct extending longitudinally above the said kiln-chambers and rccciving the heated gases therefrom, and a scries of supplemental transverse combustionelxambers communicating with the caloriduct and adapted to be successively .tired whereby the vhighly-heated gases of a main chamber in which the last charge of bricks has been burned, enter the adjacent combustion-chamber and are reheated therein previous to their downward passage through a succeeding main chamber, each of said transverse combustionchambers hav-ing a damper-controlled opening whereby it serves as a draft-passage for a corresponding preceding combustion-chamber in which fuel is being burned.v

3. The combination of a series of arched chambers, each chamber being provided with crown-openings and floor-openings, longitudinal'bottom dues connecting the floor-openings of the different chambers, longitudinal caloriducts extending above the crowns of said chambers and communicating therewith through said crown-openings, register-vaults between said chambers provided with fuelopenings at the bottom for use in bottom firing, said openings establishing communication with the longitudinal bottomflues, transverse firing-chambers located above the reg-v ister-vaults, a main smoke-flue extending along the rear ends of the transverse firingchambers,a`nd dampers connecting said transverse firing-chambers with the main smoke flue, substantially as set forth'.

' 4. The combination of a series of chambers,

provided with 'crown-openings and rows of floor-openings, register vaults located between said chambers, and provided with fuelopenings and registers alongside of said fuelopenings, longitudinaljcaloriducts extending above the crowns of said chambers, registers in said caloriducts, transverse firing-cham- /berslocated above the register-vaults and provided with fuel-openings, and ash-chutes extending from the caloriducts into the register-vaults, substantially las set forth.

5. The combination of a series of chambers, having crown-openings and rows of, Hooropenings, longitudinal bottom flues connecting the floors of the chambers, register-vaults between, said chambers', longitudinal caloriducts extending above the crowns ofthe chambers, transverse firing-cha ,bers located above said register-vaults,y bottom lues and the transverse firing-'cham Y vided with fuel-openings lfor 'permitting the starting of top and bottom ies,"substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a series of kilnchambers, having crown-opening'srand rows of floor-openings, fireplaces arranged at one end of the kilnseries, longitudinal caloriducts connected with said fireplaces and extending overV the crowns of said chambers, registers in said caloriducts, a series of successive transverse firing-chambers arranged intermediately between the crowns of the chambers and provided with top fuel-openbers being prolOO IOS

in gs, the registqrr-vaults having f nel-openings in the floors, longitudinal bottom iiues below the floors of the chambers, registers in said bottoni dues, s. smoke-fine extending along.

one end of the transverse flringLchambers, and dempers for opening or closing the openings `connecting the fringfchambers with the smoke-luegsubstantially as set forth;

In testimony that we olnim't-he foregoing as our invention we have lsigned. our names xo in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' v'CHARLES KLOSIE.

ALOIS KLOSE. \Vitnesses: l

U. S. LITZENBERG, WM. F. SCHLECHTER.

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