USRE11615E - Emericii meissl - Google Patents

Description

UNITED, STATE PATENT ()FFICE.

EMERICII MEISSL, OF VIENNA, AUS'lRlA-IIUNGARY.

PROCESS OF REFINlNGA ND BLEACHING ANIMAL FATS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Reissued Letters Patent No. 11,615, dated June 29, 1897. Original No. 568,983, dated October 6, 1896. Application for reissue filed May 4, 1897: Serial'No. 635,090-

To (all whont 'I'fi 11ml; concern..-

lle it knownthat I, EMERICH MEIssL, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of Refining and Bleaching coloring and smelling matter and other impurities and obtained in a perfectly pure state and neutral taste and odor. For this purpose-the animal fats and oils, preferably hogs fat, tallow, margarin, pressed tauow, goosefat, and the like, are subjected to heat up to the vmelting-point and then mixed with the dry pulverized 'prussiate waste obtained n the manufacture of yellow prussiate of potash andthen subjected to filtration, so as to separate the refined fat or oil from the impurities in a pure and inodorous condition. The residuum or waste which is used in my improved process is the insoluble solid residuum or waste resulting from the perfect lixiviation of the melted composition in the manufacture of yellow prussiate of potash, and which consists in general of silicates, lime, ferric and alumina compounds, carbon, and other insoluble matters. This residuum or waste is thoroughly washed, dried, and powdered. The greater or smaller effect of this residuum or waste on the animal or vegetable fats or oils to be refined and bleached dependson the chemical constituents contained in the residuum or Waste.

The rationale of the effect of the residuum obtained in the manufacture of yellow prussiate of potash is based partly on chemical and partly on physical principles; The basic silicates contained in the residuum 'or wastebind the free fatty acids which cause the dis fats contain further products of ferment-ation of animal membranes, and these form, with the silicate, sulfate, and carbonate salts contained in the residuum or waste, likewise odorless and insoluble compounds which are retained during the filtration of the melted fat. The basic silicates, as well as the ininutely-divided carbon contained in the prus- .60 siate waste, act further mechanically on the fats to be treated, inasmuehas the carbon particles are distributed minutely in the waste and absorb by their largesurface, owing to the so-callcd surface attraction, the substances by which the disagreeable smelland taste are produced, so that they are removed in this manner from the fat'and oil in an analogous manner as the discoloration of sugar liquors by bone-black. The quantity of basic 7o silicates of the alkalies of aluminium and caldo either not act at all on the animal fats or only slightly, so that large quantities of the same will be necessary, whereby the loss of fat would be too great. In addition thereto it is necessary to employ with bone-black or charcoal sui table solvents for the proper treat; ment of the fats. The prussiate waste acts' already when using it in small quantities and without requiring any other additional solvent.

It is essential in the use of prussiate waste in the refining and bleaching fats that the temperature should under no circumstances 0 rise beyond the melting-point of the same.

My improved process of refining and bleach- 1 ing fats and oils is carried out as follows:

The melted animal fats or oils are first heated to melting temperature of the fats or 9; oils to be treated, and freed as much as possible from the water contained inthe same. The heatedfat or oil is then mixed with from 0.1 to four per cent. by weight of thejdry pulverized prussiate waste obtained asa residuum no in the manufacture of yellow prussiate of potash and thoroughly stirred and then permitted to stand from five to twenty-five minutes in contact therewith.

.quantity and quality of the waste.

stance, in hogs fat, margari n, &c., the mixture :or oil is separated from the impurities.

The temperature to which the mixture is subjected, the quantity of prnssiate waste added, and the duration of the time during which the waste is permitted to act on the fat or oil dependson the quality of thelatterand the For inhas to be heated'to a temperature of 180 to 200 Fahrenheit under addition of one-fourth to one-half per cent. of prussiate waste in case of hogs fats and one and one-half to two per.

cent; of prussiate waste in case of margarin. The time to which the mass is subjected to the action of prussiate waste is from ten to fifteen minutes. The mass is then subjected to filtration in a filter-press, percolaton or centrifugal apparatus, so that the refined fat Dur- ing the filtering operation the temperature of the mass is maintained so that the filtrate is discharged at a temperature of 90 to 130"- Fahrenheit. By the process described the fats and oils are purified from solid and liquid impurities, so that the fat or oil is perfectly clear, inodorous, and of neutral taste.

My process is applicable only to such animal fats or oils which consist mainly of saponifiablc glycerides of the fatty acids, and is not applicable to wool fat and mineral oils and fats, and which can by my process be refined and bleached to such an extent that they are useful for food purposes and inthe manufacture of soap and candles;

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 7 The process herein described 0t refining and bleaching animal fats and oils composed esscntiall y of saponifiable glycerides of the fatty acids, which consists in mixing the fat or oil at the melting temperature of. the same with from 0.1 to four per cent. of the dry pulverized residuum or waste obtained in the manufacture of yellow prussiate o'f potash, permitting, said waste to act on the fat or oil, andthen subjecting the mass to a filtering operation whilekeeping the same in heatedcondb' tion, substantially as set forth. I

- EMERICII MEISSL.

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JOIIANN F. Wowmuns, lIUuo JORDAN.