USRE11442E - theryc - Google Patents

Description

I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.: G. THERYG &A. 'OBLASSER.

SECONDARY ELEGTRIG BATTERY.

Reissued Sept: 18,, 1894.v

' I Ina/afar.

2 Shets-Sheet 2 04THERYG & Ar OBLASSER.

snconmm ELECTRIC BATTERY.

No. 11,442. Reiss'ued Sept. 18;,- 1894.

I 3 5 tityof materials. After the active materials 4c in order to form asingle UNlTE-D STATns PATENT OF IC onaatns rn rzyrnrc Ant) ALFlEtEDH()BLASSEB,Q1?PARIS,FRANCE,v

I ssconoAsY ELECTRIC BATTERY.

sritcrrrca'rron forming part or Beissued Letters Patent $1,442, dated September is, 189 1 Original 1%. 500,978, amt July 4 1893. Application for reissue Medium-15, i894. stun Ho. 503.806; Yatented in Trance *flovember 14, 1892,110'. 225,644=1 in Belgium November 14, 1292,10. 102,141; in Switserlsnd December 3, 1592, No. 6.1 to;

lDLDSfl'l-3Hilflfi8l? December 6,18%,10. 62,939 and No. 90,685, and in Italy T l-3'12, 1893, No. 38,088.

' To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that we, CHARLES Tnnavo and ALFRED OBLASSER, both residents Paris, France, have invented certain new'and use ful Improvements in Secondary Electric Batteries, whereof the following is a full. clear, and exact description. 1

Said invention has been patented in the following countries: November 14, I 225,644; I November 14, 1892, No. 102,141; -Austria-Hnn ary, December 6, 1892, No. 62,939 and No. 90,635; Italy, May 12, 1893, No. 38,088, and Switzerland, December 3, 1892, No. 6,240. V 1. Our invention relates to a method 0t manufacturing an electrlcaccumulator whichvvill hereinafter be described in detail, and to the element or accumulator madeby such method.

The electrodes of our improved accumulaso tor are surrounded by a'pertorated envelope, sheath or wrapper of an insulating material or non-conductor of electricity, composed of flexible or-preferably rigid sheets of celluloid, india-rubber, ebonite, gutta-percha, fibrolochoid, vulcanized fiber or other compound constituted by the same or other materialswhich are sufficiently good'insulators. These envelopes have for their object to hold the active material, which enables the weight of c heavy metallic supports or plates employed in Faure and other accumulators to be reduced, which supports were designed to contain the active material and had to be thick enough for receiving a sufficiently large quansince excessive pressure the efficiency of the battery.

with a much higher capacity th mulator heretofore emplo which we give accumulator, and this superiority 1s d our improved method of manufacture.

'tioned, celluloid is that which we p'ref use forthe manufacture of sheaths or wrappers.

of manipulation in a envelope. The celluloid employed is 'cially manufactured for oxides, pine-soot or tageous' u'p to'the. present time.

contain.

have been introduced into'the envelope, surrounding a central rod or plate serving as a collector, the element thus constituted is subjected to the action of a hydraulic press iece. The pressure applied tothe plate should be just sufficient to spread and distribute the active material evenly over the surfaces of the plate between it and the envelope, and to compress it uni-- 5 formly. W'e preier using a hydraulic press because we obtain with it the'uniform pressure desired for the purpose, and which varies,

- 0! course, withthe size of the element the quantity ot active material, &c. :It is not 5o advisable to use any'greater. pressure than duranceand large capacity compared other types of accumulators.

composed in all its parts oi united by a cement havinga base of same equally throughout.

will accomplish the purpose above set forth, which renders the active material dense and compact impairs Byour improved method of manufacturing accumulators we obtain very light apparatus I an the accuyed. The figures show the superiority oi. our

' no to:

Among the insulating materials above menerably the envelopes,- This material is in fact superior to theothers both as regards the resistance it ofiters .to the'actionof the acids and to electric actions, and the convenience f the espethis purpose; it is not mixed with white lead, metallic salts or like substances. The celluloid which we use, is manufactured with pure cellulose, agglomerated by a suitable substance, camphor being the most advan- The useful thickness of the sides of the envelopes, sheaths, or wrappers may be varied from a fraction of a millimeter to several millimeters, according to the dimensions, thickness and weight oi the electrodes which they are to The element constructed according to our 3 invention is distinguished in use by great onwith structurally it is distinguished by the following character- I istics: The envelope completely surrounds the conductor and activematerial, and being onejsubstance the substance, expands and contracts he envelope so formed is not dislocated or ruptured'in ordinary use. By the'pressure applied to the finished element as stated above, the active material is distributed uniformly over all surfaces otLthe conducting plate, so that the sulphuric acid ot the battery cannot attack it. 'We theretoo is so serious a defect in batteries of other manufacture into an envelope.

types.

The manner of carrying the invention into effect will be explained in detail, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 areperspective views of the insulating sheet at different stagespf its.

Fig. 3, illustrates the strip to be applied to the bottom of the envelope. Fig. 4, is a perspective view of an envelope ready to receive the electrode. Fig. his a perspective view showing the electrode in place. Fig. -6 represents in per-spec ti've the position of the envelope while being filled. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are .similar views illustrating the finahsteps of the process. Fig. 10 is a (perspective view of a group of elements, an Fig; llillustrates another form of envelope. V

In carrying our said invent on into practlcewe perforate the sheets B of celluloid (Fl 1) by means of a machine having rollers or c tubs ovided with points which constit'ute punc e s. The holes are as small and as near together as practicable for preventing the fallingv through them of any considerable quantities of oxides or active material. When the sheets have been perforated they are cut I to, dimensions which may be varied accordirig to the size of the electrodesflfor which they are designed. The sheets thus cut to size are softened by immersion in hot or boiling water or in steam, or by any O'therappropriate means, to render them specially malleable. On their removal from the boiling wa-"' ter the sheets are folded upon an iron man-- drel. or former of variable thickness, into the -shape illustrated in'Fig. 2. The edges of the folded sheet are then coated by means'of a special paste or cementhaving a base of colluloi l. Whenthe edge of the envelope has. been prepared, the lower or botthm part is first closed by a smallstrip 0 of celluloid having upturned edges, which strip is not.

perforated and which is fixed bymeans of paste or cement'having a'base of celluloid. The upper part is closed by means of a cover H, similarly secured after the introduction 01': the electrode into the envelope (Figs. 7 and 8).

' velope may also be obtained by uniting sheets of celluloid previously cut to the desired dimensions and softened by ordinary means for giving themthe desired shape. The union of the sheets of celluloid constituting the sides and bottom may be effected by means of stitches with threads of celluloid, asbestos,

or any other filaments which are more or less unattackablc by acids and electric currents; but it is preferable to unite the sides byv means of a paste or cement which has a base of celluloid. v

Another modeof preparing the envelope consists in pla'cingin a mold composed of two parts, a perforated sheet of celluloid which has previously been softened, between which the sheet is shapeiby compression, so that two such sheets placed edge to edge will form a receptacle. The paste or-cement having a base of celluloid may also serve for closing the openings provided for the introductionof- 1 the electrodes, For this purpose it is s'ufiicient to simply depositat these openings one or more sufliciently thick layers of the'paste or cement which as it dries makes a hermetic The filling of the envelopes irrespective of the mode or preparation used, may take place in variousv manuers. We will set forth in succession the several modes of filling which may be employed. One of these modes consists in introducing into the envelope :3. rod,

grid, or plate, such as G (Fig. 5) of antimoniated lead, the form of which may be greatly varied. Through the upper opening D (Fig. 6) left freeat the time of the preparation of the envelopes, which opening has also served for the introduction of the electrode, we insides of the envelope are separated or caused to bulge outwardly so-as to make itassume the form indicated in Fig. 6. If the oxide has'been introduced in the dry state, the envelope is soaked for one or two minutes in .troduce oxides-either in theinoist state,.as a

acidulated water, which produces the p'asti- Accordingto another mode, the grid, rod, or plate constituting. the electrode is placed in the envelope which isthen completely closed. Then the envelope is put in a box filled with oxide in the form of powder, after which a shaking motion is imparted to the box to compel {the oxide to pass through the holesvand thus filltheenvelope. i I A third. mode consists in introducing the envelope closed on all sides and provided with its rod, into a trough filled with aciduwhen the sides are united the rod or plate is.

inserted. If spongy lead be employed as an active material we immerse an envelope which is entirely closed and provided with its red, in an electrolytic bath. The spongy lead is deposited upon the rod, the operation the methods above being stopped when the deposit appears sue.

flcient. The envelope is then plunged into boiling water for softening it, and next subjected to a small pressure to make it regular.

When the envelopes are filled by any of indicated they are submitted to the action of a hydraulic press so v as to g-ive themthe desired regularity, thickand compression. to

-' whereupon the upper part is closed byacap Then the electrodes are allowedito' dry for twenty-four hours,

oftwo parts, as already described, and (as shown in Figs. 7 and 8) the edges of which cap are fastened by means of a paste or coment havingabase of celluloid. The element isthen completely finished.

The envelopes, sheaths or wrappers, in

' the lateral :as hereinafter set forth. sheets of soft india-rubber of asuperior stead of being single like those hereinbefore described, may be multiple, that is to say several'of them may be" placed one upon the -other, separated or not by the aid'of rods of celluloid.

In addition to the advantages already ing themselves, by their elasticity to the increasing or swelling which takes placeat the time of theiormation and, operation of the accumulators. I

electrodes the desired distance we fix upon faces of theenvelopes, by means, of. a suitable cement havinga base of celluloid, rods I, the thickness of which is adapted to the distance to be maintained and theex- 'panslon to be provided against.

As stated above, the envelopes, sheaths or wrappers may be made, of ebonite or vulcanized and harden ed india-rubber. the preparation of the envelopes In this case is eflected quality. These sheets cannot be perforated as they do not possess-suflicle'nt rigidity, and

the points of the perforating tool traverse the sheets without producing the efiect of the punch' and the holes close up again by reason of the elasticity of the material. To obtain a favorable result we subject the sheet of india-rubber to a 'vulcanizing operation which is stopped when the rigidity and hardness are suflicient for enabling the piercing of the holes to be effected by means of the perforating nachine,'bu t the sheet of india-rubber must alsopossess' flexibility enough not to break when it is bent or folded and to enable it to be fastened'by means of a solution of india-rubber and benzine.. When the sheets of incompletely vulcanized .india-rubber have been perforated they are'cut to dimensions suitable for each kind of envelope and are folded upon a former to give them the desired shape, whereupon the edges are fastened with a solution of india-rubber and benzlne and the bottoms fixed in the same manner. The envelopes thus folded and cementedare then subjected sheaths, wrappers of For maintaining between the I perforated sides,

We first procure.

throughout and tightly inclosing the conducto a complete vulcanization which transformsthem into ebonite. The filling takes place-in the same manner as in the case of envelopes of celluloid. The mounting of the electrode is eifectedby the aid of connecting strips J (Fig.10) consisting of antimoniated lead and to which are attached the headsj (Fig. 9) of the rod or plate, the connection being'made by welding, fusing, soldering or in any suitable way. I

By the method of manufacturing herein specified in detail we can obtain accumulators of a much higher capacitythan those heretoforeknown. The capacity of our accumulators is twent -five ampere hours per kilogram of electrodes, and we realize thereforea saving varying from two hundred to four hundred per cent. in comparison with other known accumulators. l The capacities of the principal accumulators now known and used are as follows, that is to say, Faure-Sallon-Volckmar, from eight to nine ampere hours; Tudor six ampere hours; and J ulien from twelve o fourteen ampere hours. Having now fully what we c1ain1is' 1. In the process of making a secondar battery element, by forming an envelope with 5 from sheets of celluloid or similar material in a plasticor pliable condition, filling-the envelope with active material anda conductor, closing the openings through which the receptacle was filled, and subjecting the entire element to pressure sufficient to distribute the active material over thesurfaces of the conductor, substantially as described. v 2. .A secondary battery element consisting of a conductor, active material cov'ering'all described our invention,-

'the surfaces of the conductor, and an envelope composed of perforatedsheets of celluloid or similar material of the" same substance r to tor and active material on all sides, the active material being uniformly distributed between the conductor and envelope, substantially as described.

3. Asecondary battery element consisting of a conductor, active material surroundiiig the same, and a perforated envelope of celluloid made from cellulose free from foreign, substances as specified, and having its parts united by acement having a celluloid as a base, the actiye material and conductor being inclosed .on all sides by-sa-id envelope,- substantially'as described.

In testimony whereof we havesigned this specification in the presence of two subscribe r2 5 ing witnesses.

CHARLES TIIERYO. ALFRED OBLASSER; Witnesses:

J EAN VICTOR BARBA'NCEY, JOSEPH LAcosTn.

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