USRE10716E - Incubatob - Google Patents

Description

E. s. RENWiUK.

INCUBATOR.

No; 10,716. "Rei ssued Apr. 27. 1886.

WITNESSES //V VENTOR gweawa f z 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Reissued Apr; 27, 1886.

' FI /////////////////////////A L E. S. RENWIOK.

INOUBATOR.

uymvrol WITNESSES l 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. E. s. RENWIGK.

INGUBATQR.

Reissu ed Apr. 27,. 1886.

a'wifw WITNESSES 5 ing-chambei 'within whichthe-eggs are placed;

-UNITED STATES EDWARD 'S ABINE RENWIGK,

OF MIVLLBURN, NEW JERSEY.

. "INCUBATOR,

SFBCII ICA'I'ION" forming part of Reissued Hatters Patent No. 10,716, dated April 27, 1886' ()rlglualflo. 1 93,0l8, dated July 3i, i877. Application for reissue filed July 10, 1385. .,$lti2r1 No. 1712 To all whom it may cimcermsv Be it known that I, Enwiusn SA'BINE REN- j .wIoK, of Millburn, in the-conrityof Essex and State of New J ersey, have made an iuven'tion of certain newaud useful Improvements in In? cubators; and I hereby declare thatthe-Follow- 1 ing is'la full,- c.lear, and exact description ands'pecification ofthefsame.

'The'requisitesof anineubator are a regular heat, thorough ventilation, and asu'pply of .moisture; and theobje'ct of-thepresent invention is toattain thesereqnisites,

one or-more eggh olders-to-holdthe eggs -to be hatched and enable them to' be manipulated-5 readily; these egg-holders may have either '.-the. form of drawersorp'f stationary shelves or racks; one or moreheaters, in which warm water. or other fluid may becaused to'circnlatc for the purpose of.-transmitting-heat tothe incubating-chamber; one ormore flues, by

-meansLof-which heat'maybe applied-to the in cubating-ch'amber from alamporothers'ource of heat; one'xor more wasteheat chimneys, for

econducting oi the 'heatfrom the lamp or other source of heat when it is desired that the heat shall not operate upon the incubating-chamber with its full force; one or more air-supply pipes or flnes,j-by means of which air from the atmosphere, may be introduced for ventilation into the inc-nbating-chalnberat the upperpart thereof; one or more veu'tilating-chimneys, by means of which the foul air from the lower portion of the incubating-chamber maybe dis charged or permitted to escape; a thermostatic chamber,or chamber -in which the, thermostat or thermometer which determines the temperature of the incubating-chambermay be placed; one or more chimney-valves, by

means of which the passageof the current toor through the wasteehcat chimney or chimneys is regulated; one or' more ventilatingvalves, by means of which the current of air passed-through th'c'incubating-chamber for the purpose of ventilatingthe same may'be regulated; this valve (cr'valves) is applied, by preference, to the ventilating chimney 'or open ing, but it orthey maybe applied totbe supfor conducting any excess of ply-pipes; if deemed best; one: or: [nor e emvated water'trays oroth'er moisture-suppliers.

at the upper part of the ri-ncubatingchaming-chamber, by means of which water'drip;

alents may be'collected; a'drainpipeor pipes water from the iucuhating-chamber.

It has been found expedient'to use the heat-- ventilating-dues, water-trays, and drain-pipes to the rightand left hand of the longitudinal center, or therea-bout, of'tlie incubatingrchamher; but the duplication of any ofthe devices is not auessential part of the invention, unless :it bespecially claimed.v

.Whcn the entire invention .is' used, the said instrumentalities are so combined that the heat may either be suppliedto the incubating-o chamber or allowed-t0 waste, according as the temperature is to be .raised .or lowered; also, that the ventilationtakes placein a downward directiouin theincubating-chamber, the practical advantage of which is that the air in thechamber moves downward practically uniform throughout the horizontal areaspf the incubating-chamber, and that cross-drafts are prevented in whole or in part; also, that the moisture is supplied at the upper portion of the incubating-chamber, where it is most likely to saturate the air, on account of'thegreater temperature at that porti'olnandthat-the' ber one or more underwater-trays ortheir' eqnivalents at the lower part of the i'ncubat- The severalcombinations-of the above in strumentali ties which constitute the invention are set forth at the close of this specification by means-of which, moisture-can be supplied ping fromelev-ated water-trays: or their equivers, egg-holders, flues, 'wa ste-heatchimneys, Q

in pairs,the members of which are arrangedlating-chim ney, so that the moist air is brought in contact with the eggs. Parts of the invention'may, however, baused without others, so

incident to its entire-use. A

'In order that the invention may be fully,

an incubator embodying my'invention in the bestfo'rm at present'devised by me;

as to attain only a portion-of the advantages nal section of the same at the line 3 3 of Fig.

. Fig. only of this heater, and the warm wato the c s beneath as the tem eratu re or" the the said incubator.

J sents a central longitudinal section ofa modi- "hatingchamber by means of a current of warm Fignrel' of said drawings represents a front view of the said incubator, Fig. 2 represents a horizontal. section of the same at theline w :c of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a vertical lon gitndinal section of the same at the line a: m of Fig. 2. Fig. 4. represents a vertical longitudi- Fig. 5 represents atran'sverse section of the same at the line z cot Fig. 2. Fig. Grepresents a similar transverse section at theline o o of Fig. 2.. Fig. 7 represents a top view of Fig. 8 represents a central wertical transverse section or" the same, with a chicken-holder on. top. Fig. 9 reprefied form of incubator embodying parts of the invention. Fig. 10 represents a central section of a modified form of moisture-supplier..

The incubating-chamber A A ot'the said incubator is fitted with two egg-drawers, B B, which in this example constitute the egg holders, and should have bottomsm, composed ofwircmlolh, so that the air may circulate through the drawers from the npper part, A, ol the incubatiug-chamber (or the part'there of above the egg-holders) to the lower part, A, of the incubating-chamber, or that part which is'below-the eggholders. Thebottoms ol' these egg-holders should be fitted with slats or other means of' preventing the eggs fromrolling about, or; should have the form of a series of troughs in which the eggs may lie in parallel rows.

AsI prefer to distribute thcheatin this incunater, a. water-heater, C, is arranged within the chamber, audit is constructed, by preference, in the form of an oblong ring surround ing the top, bottom, and sides of the egg- .llle heat is applied to one end, I),

holders.

ter rising in that end and moving into thetop in circulates round through the heater in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 4 to the bottom of the heated end, and riscs'again therein as it receives heat. As the heat is applied most conveniently to one end only of thoheator, it is preferred to use two heaters for the incuhating-chamber,each heater being independent ot' the other, and to arrange the heated ends of these heaters at the opposite ends of the chamber, so as to equalize the heat. it is also preferred to make the upper longitadinal portion, in, of the heater inclined; but this is not essential. It the inclination be in a direction downward from the heated up right end b, the warm water is brought closer water decreases byradiation, which tends to equalize the temperature.

- dhe heat is generated convenientl; by, means eta-lamp, .l)--one for each heater. The l heated gases from the lamp are conducted I through a tubular flue, d, which is passed through the heater and through the topjof the incubating-chamber, so that the heated gases may impart heat to the water in the l heater, and may then escape. The kind of lamp which has been used with success is a kerosene-lamp with a burner of the usual con-' struction, and with a short chimney, g, c0mmunicating with the lower endof the fi 'ue d. The lamp-chimney may be made of sheet metal with a small pane of mica, so that the condition of the flame may be seen.

In order that the heat by the flue (1 maybe controlled, a waste-heat chimney, I, is provided for each flue. The chimney is by pref: erence located within the fine d, andcentrally thereof, it being supported by spring-brackets awhich' hear u ponthe wall of the flue with suflicient friction to hold tliechimney in place. At the top of this chimney there is a valve, E, which is fitted to turn with a shaft, F. When this chimney-valve is c1osed, the hot gases from the lamp are prevented from pass: ing through the wasteheat chimney I, and consequently pass along the walls of the flue d and impart heatto the incubating-chamber. lVhen the valve E is open, the hot gasesfrom the lam p pass through. the wasteheat chimney I and escape, so that the heat wastes in whole or in part without increasing the temperature oftheincubating-chamber..

In order that the incubating-chamber may be ventilated with warm air, a supply-pipe, J, is provided for each heater, such pipe being'passed through the descending end b.

thereof, and communicating at its lower end witlrthe external air through a hole in the bottom of the incubatingchamber. The up per end of this ventilatingp'ipe discharges the air into the upper part, A, of the incubating-chamber, and as the pipe is surrounded by the warm water in the heater the air which is supplied to the incubating-chamber by this pipe J is warmed before escaping into the chamber, so that the pipe is a warm-airsupply pipe.

In order that th'eincubatirig-chamber may be ventilated with fresh air, which is not warmed artificially, a ventilating air-pipe, J, is provided at each end of the incubating-chamber. Each of these cold-air pipes receives the air at its lower end and discharges the air at its upper end into the upper-part, A, of the in' enbating-chan berl V In order that the foul air in the incubatingchainbcr may be discharged, a ventilating pipe or chimney, G, is provided. This chimney is connected at its lower end with the lower part, A, of the incubating-chamber, the con neetion in this example being made through the intervention of a chamber, H, which is arranged between the two egg-holders B B, and forms the entrance to the ventilatingchimney, the said chamber being closed at its sides and top, but open beneath; hence the air which passes from the i ncubat-irig-chamber is taken from the lower part, A, thereof, while, as above stated, the fresh air is discharged into the incubating chamber in the upper part, A, thereof, so that the direction of ventilation in the inchbatingchamber is jug-chimney from abovedownward, instead of from the lower part of the incubating-chamberjupward,

as has heretofore been practiced.

The small'chamber H is constructed,by preference,of the whole breadth of the incubatingchamber from front to rear; and as there is a current of air t hrough it from the incubatingchamberioutward the temperature in this small chamber varies with that of the incu hating-chamber; hence this small chamber is well adaptedto hold the thermostat or thermometer which is used to regulate the temperature of the incubator, and it is designatedthe thermostatic chamber.

. In order that the ventilation of the incubating-chamber-may-be controlled, the ventilat- G is fitted with a valve,K,which maybe opened more or less. p In practice it has been found best to make the ventilating-valve K either smaller than the ventilating-chimney or with a central hole in it,pso that the ventilation is never whollystopped.

In order that the incubating-chamber may be supplied with 1noisture, -the water-tray M is arranged in the upper part, A, thereof over each egg-holder. Each of these trays is fitted with sponges, and 'each tray is supplied,

through a short tube or nozzle, t, with water from a water bottle, N, on top of the incubator, the supply being controlled by a stop- In practice it has been found expedient to run lamp -wiek through the passage of the stop-cock and its key, so'that thewater may be allowed to drip drop by drop, and the greater or less speed of the supply can be regulated by turning the key of the stop-cock more o'r'lessso as to compress the lamp-wick accordingly.

' Each water-tray is provided, by preference, 7

with an overflow-pipe, 2' whose upper end' is raised above the bottom of'the tray, but is lower than the upper edge thercoflso that sponges are always lying in water.

By supplying moisture at the top of the incubating-chambcr, where the heat is greater than it is atthc egg -.holder, the air can be more'highly charged with moisture, and consequently there is less risk of the eggsbecoming dried by the heat.

In order that the surplus water-which drips from the elevated water-trays M maybe colleeted, a. water-tray, 1, is arranged in the lower part, A, oftheincubatiugchainber under each egg-holder. As thebottoms of the egg-holders are formed of wire-cloth, the dripping water can pass through these bottoms to the under water-trays, l 1. Y

It is preferred tov make these under watertrays of large horizontal area, so that if an .egg should be rotten and should burst, its

contents may be caught in the water-t ay bef'neath. It is also preferred to construct each under water-tray with an overflow or. drip pipe, 8, whose upper end is raised above the bottom of the tray, but is lower than the up to prevent the access of air, the escape of water; or thejower endof the per edge thereof, so that a layer of water is maintained in :the tray. These under trays may be furnished with'sponges, to supply moisture by evaporation to the lower part of the incubating-chamber.

The bottom of the incubatingchamber is fitted wit-h one or more drain-pipes, B, so that any surplus water that may escape from the overflow-pipesof the under water-ways may be conducted out of the incubating-chamber. An opening closed by a door, S, also is provided in the front of the incubating-chamber, and opposite each under water-tray, P, so as to permit it to be readily entered into and withdrawn from the incubating-chamber.

A'piece of sponge may be inserted in .each drain-pipe R,or in the conical mouth thereof,

while permitting drain-pipe may either dip into a pan of water or have a trap upon it forthe same purpose.

The incubator thus described is 'well adapted ltolbe automatically regulated by means of a thermostat placed in the thermostatic chamber H and connected with the escapement of a vat Fe mechanism operated'by a weight or. by

.a spring, the connection being such that when the heat rises to a certain predetermined limit the valve mechanism shall bev permitted to move sufficiently to open thechimney-valves and permit the heat of the lamps to waste in whole'or in part; and, on the other,hand,',

when the heat falls to a certain predetermined limit the valve mechanism shall be permitted to move sufficiently to close the chimneyvalves, and thus compel the heat from the lamps to act upon the incubating-chamber.

In order that both the chimney-valves (when I two are used) and the ventilating-valveamay be operated simultaneously, the three are connected with one shaft, F,which inthiscase is extended diagonally across the top of the incubating-chamber, so that the turning 'of' this shaft a quarter of a revolution opens or shuts all three valves.

The incubating-chamber may be constructed mainly of wood, but it is expedient that those parts 10 of its bottom which are near the lamps should be anade of sheet metal, .so as to obviguard the openings made in the top of the .incubator for the passage of the fines d--with ate danger from fire.- It is also expedient to for. example, as

alve is shut, a less quantity of fresh air is required to supply the incubating-chamber, and as the fresh air tends to rise in the hot-air pipes J (by reason of the draft through them) i more rapidly than it does in the cold-air pipes J, the supply of fresh air then takes place mainly through the former. If, however, the

' whole invention is not to be used, either kind of air-supply pipes may be omitted, as well as other parts of the invention. If, for example,

it be deemed best to apply the heat to the incubatingchamber without water-heaters, the fines d may be conducted directly through the chamber, and, if deemed advisable, may be made. zigzag, so as to afford a large radiatingsnrface; or the hot air from the lamps or from steam-pipes may be conducteddirectly into theincubating-chamber. In such cases the waste-heat pipes may be suitably arrange'dto permit the heat to-waste according to the mode of heating used, because, although the arrangeadopted is represented at Fig. 9, in which the several parts of the incubator are designated "by the same letters as the corresponding parts in the preceding figures. In this case the flue, d, discharges the hot airn ear the top of the-incubatingchamber, so that it operates both as the warm-air pipe for supplying air for ventilation and as the flue for the heat, and it is the equivalent of each of those represented in the previous figures. This flue may be forked, or Y- formed, so as to distribute the heat toward the front and rear of the incubatingchamber; or the fluemay consist o a lateral chamber, made by extending the adjacent.

drawer-slide downward, as indicated by the dotted lines at a, so as toform a partition. When the. heating is effected directly in the manner thus indicated, thefumes of the lamp will pass into the incubatingchamber. This may be avoided either by extending the flue d, Fig. 9, directly upward through the top of that chamber, or by connecting the upper end of the flue'with a pipe extending nearly horizontally through the upper portion of the incubating-chamber, and having its end turned up ward through the top thereof, so that a larger radiating-surface will-be attained. In either of thesclast two eases,if ventilation is to be properly preserved, a separate ainpipe should be provided to supply the air for that purpose.

Two egg-holders arranged at opposite sides of a central ventilating chimncy and thermm static chamber may of course be used in conneetion with-any one of the aboveplaus.

In practice it has been found convenient to construct a cllicke1i-holder(for newly-hatched chickens) upon the top of the incubator and to make a break in the ventHating-chimney,

so thatv the chicken-holder may be heated by the heat of the air passingfrom the incubator. Such an arrangement is represented at Fig.8,

where the chieken-holder S is a drawer witl a wire-cloth back, 0', to permit the warm air to pass through it. If this chicken-holder be omitted, the chimney G may extend, as represented in dotted linesat G.

The forms of the water-heaters may be great- 1y varied. 1 Thus there may be but one heater, and it may be flat and in the upper part of the incubating-chamber; or the part of the heater to which the heat of the lamp is applied may be outsideof theincubating chamber, and this exterior part may be connected with the interior heater by circulating-pipes.

Inpraetice it has been found convenient to support each lamp upon a movable platform, T, raised or lowered by a screw, 2, and to make the lamp-chimney gslip either over or within the lower end of the flue (I, so as to make a (I tolerably close joint therewith. The lampsupport can then be readily raised or lowered,

so that its chimney may be connected with or disconnected from the line d.

An incidental advantage of a close connection 'between thelamp-chinrney and the fine is that, inasmuch as the draft is stronger when the waste-heat chimney I is operating-that is, when the chimney-valve is openthe practical effect of the increased strength of the draft is to cut down the flame of the lamp, so'that the opening of the waste-heat valve E not only permits heat to waste, but incidentally reduces the volume of the flame of the lamp.

The chimney-valve need not necessarily be .arranged, as shown in the drawings, at the outlet of the waste-heat chimney, as it may be arranged at its lower end, or insuch manner that it changes the direction of the current of hot air from operating upon' the incubatingchamber to passing through the waste-heat chimney, and vice versa. The valve also may be of another form than that of a disk turning on a diametrical axis.

. In place of making the elevated moisturesuppliers in the form of trays,a suspended sponge or other evaporator may be used an equivalent. A convenient mode of applying a sponge for this purpose is represented at Fig. 10, wherethe sponge is at the mouth of the short pipe 1, through which the water is "allowed to drip to supply the sponge.

If the elevated water-tray is used without the under water-tray. the portion of the drain pipe Rwithin the incubating-chamber may be arranged to receive the surplus v'a rectly from the elevated water-tray. his purpose the drain-pipe may either .7 con structed with a 't'unnehmenth arranged be-- heath the overiiowpipe of the elevated water-- tray,- or the drain-pipe may-be extended upward in the incubating-chamber, and hen if necessary, so as to connect with the lower?- end of the said overflowpipe.

Each water-heater 0 should be fitted with a nozzle, m, to permit water to be poured into it, and with a drain-nozzle, it, provided with a stopcock, to permit the water to be drained tended through the front of the drawerg and there fitted with a scale running from about so as to indicate the heat within the drawer. I

If the thermostatic chamber is not 'used, the lower end of the vcntilating-ehimney should be extended downward to the level of the under side of the egg-lioldcrs, or somewhat lower. v

The ventilating chimney above described, and represented in thedrawings, is' stationary in the machine, or is, in other words, a sta tionary ventilatingchimney, asdistinguished from'a movable chimney combined with the movable door through which theegg tray or pan is inserted, which combinationrequires the chimney to be moved every time the eggtrayis opened, and is not therefore adapted to practical use. Moreover, as the stationary ventilating-chiinney'reeeives warmth from the incubating chamber, the employment in the chimney of a lamp to create a draft is unneeessary. r v

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, substantially as before set forth, ofthe ineubaling-ehamber, the eggholders, the :heat line, and the waste heatchimney.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the ineubating-ehaniber, the eggholder, the heat-flue, the waste-heat chimney, and the chimney-valve. t

8. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the incubating chamber, the heater in the incubating-chamber, the eggholder, ,--the ainpipe arranged tosupply air into the upper partof the incubating-chamber, and the water-tray by which moisture is supplied to the air before said air comes-in contact with the eggs.

' 4. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of v the incubating-chamber, the eggholder, the water-tray for supplying moisture 'to the incubating-ehamber, and the stationery ventilating chimneyarranged.to discharge the 'air' from the lower v art of the incubating chamber.

5. The combination, substantially asbefore 36f set forth, of the incubating-chamber, thefegg-- holder, the water tray for supplying moisture to the incubating-chamber, the stationary ventilating-chimney arranged to discharge air I from the lower part of the incubatingcham=' and theventilating-valve which regulates 'sueh discharge.

(j. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the'incubating-ehamber, the egg,-

holcler, the water-tray-for supplying moisture i to the incubating -'chamber,'-the air pipe for supplying air tothe upper part of said -induhating-chamber, andfthe' stationary ventilatin g-ehimney arranged to discharge. air from. the lower part of said chamber; l

y 7. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the incubating-chamber, the egg" holder, the water-tray'arranged in the upper part of the incubating-chamber,'and the nn- I der water-tray. Q j ""7 8. The combination,substantially as before set forth, of theincubating-chamber, the egg holder, the ventilating chimney and the thermostatic ehamber,-whereby thefair eseap-' ing from the incubating-chamber is'caused to pass ihrough'the thermostatieehamber.

9. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the incubating-chamber, two egg fore set forth, of the incubating-chamber, the v egg-holder, the water-tray, and the drain-pipe '85 whereby surplus water is conducted from the incubating-e'hamber.

In witness whereof .I have hereto set my hand this 11th day of Jane, A. D1885,

'EINVARD SABINE RENWICK.

Witnesses:

G. Mr BARRETTO, JAS. E; WARNER.

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