USPP8662P - Strawberry plant called `Cuesta` - Google Patents
Strawberry plant called `Cuesta` Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP8662P USPP8662P US08/041,748 US4174893V US8662P US PP8662 P USPP8662 P US PP8662P US 4174893 V US4174893 V US 4174893V US 8662 P US8662 P US 8662P
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- cuesta
- chandler
- fruit
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- similar
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- 244000307700 Fragaria vesca Species 0.000 title description 2
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 3
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000002704 Leucyl aminopeptidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010004098 Leucyl aminopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000009569 Phosphoglucomutase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091000115 phosphomannomutase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001454293 Tetranychus urticae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001294742 Podosphaera macularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001421802 Ramularia grevilleana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
- A01H6/7409—Fragaria, i.e. strawberries
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and distinctive short-day type cultivar designated as ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ , which resulted from a cross performed in 1987 between the cultivar ⁇ Seascape ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,614) and advanced selection Cal 83.25-2 (a hybrid between ⁇ Fern ⁇ ; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,263 and ⁇ Parker ⁇ ; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,267).
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ was first fruited at the University of California Wolfskill Experimental orchards near Davis, Calif. in 1988, where it was selected, originally designated Cal 87.109-3, and propagated asexually by runners. Asexual propagules from this original source have been tested at the Watsonville Strawberry Research Facility, University field stations, and to a limited extent in grower fields starting in 1989.
- FIG. 1 shows the general flowering and fruiting characteristics of the plant
- FIG. 2 shows a typical mature leaf during late spring
- FIG. 3 shows representative midseason fruit.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is typical of short-day types and produces fruit over an extended period when treated appropriately in cool Mediterranean climates.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ differs from ⁇ Seascape ⁇ primarily in that ⁇ Seascape ⁇ is a day-neutral genotype whereas ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is a short-day type.
- the production patterns of the two are quite different.
- the production pattern for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is similar to that for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262), although it produces larger and greater quantities of late-season fruit.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ will be of special interest for winter plantings, where ⁇ Chandler ⁇ has been successful, and in summer plantings where ⁇ Pajaro ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,538) has been successful.
- Plants and foliage Fruiting plants of ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are more erect and open than plants of ⁇ Chandler ⁇ and generally smaller than either ⁇ Chandler ⁇ or ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,578). ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ forms branch crowns in similar quantity to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ with slightly less branching than ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ . When propagated in the nursery, ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has similar runner production capacity to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ . Comparative statistics for foliar characters, including leaf color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 1, with visual comparisons of leaf color to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) given in Table 5.
- Leaf color is distinctly lighter on the underside for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ ; the differential is similar to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ but not as large as for ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ .
- Leaflets of ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are similar in size to the comparison cultivars, but are somewhat longer and more narrow than for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ , and are substantially less rounded than for ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ .
- Leaves (including petioles) are usually shorter than those of ⁇ Chandler ⁇ . Petioles are similar in thickness to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ and not as thick or stiff as for ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ .
- Paired stipules borne in a median position on the petiole, appear as small, stalked, ovate to heart-shaped structures on most leaves for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ and the comparison cultivars. Stipule size varies greatly both within and among individual plants for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ , and one or both stipules may be absent or may abscise as the leaf matures.
- Leaf and petiole pubescence characters for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are similar to those for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ , except that tomentum are less dense. Also, leaves for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are similar in reflectance to those of ⁇ Chandler ⁇ but less yellow; leaves for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are similar in color intensity to ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ but less glossy.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has concave leaves, similar to or more concave than ⁇ Chandler ⁇ , and much more concave than leaves of ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ .
- Isozymes in leaf extracts ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has been classified for three isozyme systems using starch gel electrophoresis (Table 2): Phosophoglucoisomerase (PGI), Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), and Phosphoglucomutase (PGM). It is distinguishable from all other short-day cultivars released to date except ⁇ Parker ⁇ . For electrophoretic procedures see: J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:684-687.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is moderately susceptible to common leaf spot (Ramularia tulasnei) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis). When treated properly, it has tolerance to two-spotted spidermites (Tetranychus urticae) that is comparable with that of ⁇ Chandler ⁇ .
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is tolerant to strawberry viruses encountered in California.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is similar to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ in its production pattern, and produces more early fruit at Watsonville than ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ (with conventional winter planting). Comparative statistics for flower and fruit characters, including fruit color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 3.
- the primary flowers for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ are similar in size to ⁇ Chandler ⁇ and ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ , whereas the sepals are somewhat larger than for the comparison cultivars; each primary flower has 5-6 petals.
- the calyx for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is usually even with the shoulder of the fruit; early-season fruit can have a slight neck.
- the fruit shape for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is a long conic, and is easily distinguished from ⁇ Chandler ⁇ (flat conic) and ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ (rounded or block conic).
- External fruit color for ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is slightly darker and less glossy than for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ and ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ ; internal color is darker than ⁇ Chandler ⁇ and substantially darker than for ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ .
- Achenes vary from light red to dark red, and are even with the fruit surface or slightly indented.
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has been tested under a variety of cultural regimes, and optimal performance is obtained when nursery treatments, pre-plant chilling regimes, plant densities, and nutritional programs similar to those that optimize performance for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ are used. In general, ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is less sensitive to over-chilling than ⁇ Chandler ⁇ .
- ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ When treated with appropriate planting regimes, ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has larger fruit and produces greater yields than ⁇ Chandler ⁇ (Table 4); ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has greater yield and produces fruit similar in size to fruit from ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ . Commercial appearance ratings have been equal to or better than those for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ . Fruit firmness is similar to that for ⁇ Chandler ⁇ but ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ is not as firm as ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ . Subjectively, ⁇ Cuesta ⁇ has very good flavor, somewhat less aromatic than ⁇ Chandler ⁇ , less sweet but better balanced than for ⁇ Oso Grande ⁇ . The fruit will be acceptable for fresh market, will be exceptional for processing, due to its internal color and will be useful for home garden purposes.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
'Cuesta' is a short-day (June-bearing) cultivar similar to 'Chandler' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262) but with similar or better productivity, larger and more consistent fruit size, and is a more open and less vigorous plant.
Description
This invention relates to a new and distinctive short-day type cultivar designated as `Cuesta`, which resulted from a cross performed in 1987 between the cultivar `Seascape` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,614) and advanced selection Cal 83.25-2 (a hybrid between `Fern`; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,263 and `Parker`; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,267).
`Cuesta` was first fruited at the University of California Wolfskill Experimental orchards near Davis, Calif. in 1988, where it was selected, originally designated Cal 87.109-3, and propagated asexually by runners. Asexual propagules from this original source have been tested at the Watsonville Strawberry Research Facility, University field stations, and to a limited extent in grower fields starting in 1989.
FIG. 1 shows the general flowering and fruiting characteristics of the plant;
FIG. 2 shows a typical mature leaf during late spring; and
FIG. 3 shows representative midseason fruit.
`Cuesta` is typical of short-day types and produces fruit over an extended period when treated appropriately in cool Mediterranean climates. `Cuesta` differs from `Seascape` primarily in that `Seascape` is a day-neutral genotype whereas `Cuesta` is a short-day type. Also the production patterns of the two are quite different. The production pattern for `Cuesta` is similar to that for `Chandler` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262), although it produces larger and greater quantities of late-season fruit. `Cuesta` will be of special interest for winter plantings, where `Chandler` has been successful, and in summer plantings where `Pajaro` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,538) has been successful.
Plants and foliage: Fruiting plants of `Cuesta` are more erect and open than plants of `Chandler` and generally smaller than either `Chandler` or `Oso Grande` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,578). `Cuesta` forms branch crowns in similar quantity to `Chandler` with slightly less branching than `Oso Grande`. When propagated in the nursery, `Cuesta` has similar runner production capacity to `Chandler`. Comparative statistics for foliar characters, including leaf color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 1, with visual comparisons of leaf color to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) given in Table 5. Leaf color is distinctly lighter on the underside for `Cuesta`; the differential is similar to `Chandler` but not as large as for `Oso Grande`. Leaflets of `Cuesta` are similar in size to the comparison cultivars, but are somewhat longer and more narrow than for `Chandler`, and are substantially less rounded than for `Oso Grande`. Leaves (including petioles) are usually shorter than those of `Chandler`. Petioles are similar in thickness to `Chandler` and not as thick or stiff as for `Oso Grande`. Paired stipules, borne in a median position on the petiole, appear as small, stalked, ovate to heart-shaped structures on most leaves for `Cuesta` and the comparison cultivars. Stipule size varies greatly both within and among individual plants for `Cuesta`, and one or both stipules may be absent or may abscise as the leaf matures. Leaf and petiole pubescence characters for `Cuesta` are similar to those for `Chandler`, except that tomentum are less dense. Also, leaves for `Cuesta` are similar in reflectance to those of `Chandler` but less yellow; leaves for `Cuesta` are similar in color intensity to `Oso Grande` but less glossy. Visual comparisons of fruit color according to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) are given in Table 5. `Cuesta` has concave leaves, similar to or more concave than `Chandler`, and much more concave than leaves of `Oso Grande`.
Isozymes in leaf extracts: `Cuesta` has been classified for three isozyme systems using starch gel electrophoresis (Table 2): Phosophoglucoisomerase (PGI), Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), and Phosphoglucomutase (PGM). It is distinguishable from all other short-day cultivars released to date except `Parker`. For electrophoretic procedures see: J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:684-687.
Disease and pest reaction: `Cuesta` is moderately susceptible to common leaf spot (Ramularia tulasnei) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis). When treated properly, it has tolerance to two-spotted spidermites (Tetranychus urticae) that is comparable with that of `Chandler`. `Cuesta` is tolerant to strawberry viruses encountered in California.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Foliar characteristics for `Cuesta`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.
Cultivar
Foliar Character
`Cuesta` `Chandler` `Oso Grande`
______________________________________
Mid-tier leaflet
Length (mm)
mean 84.0 82.4 77.2
range 74-96 78-94 75-80
Width (mm)
mean 66.8 71.4 67.6
range 52-77 63-88 62-71
Mid-tier leaf
Length (mm)
mean 218.0 244.2 191.6
range 205-228 218-262 170-200
Width (mm)
mean 137.4 148.0 137.2
range 117-154 132-158 130-149
Leaf color
(CIELAB)*
L*
mean 31.2 31.4 31.9
range 28.6-34.2 27.1-33.3 29.9-33.0
a*
mean -5.5 -8.0 -5.3
range -3.8--6.8 -5.2--8.2 -4.2--8.3
b*
mean 14.4 16.0 15.5
range 12.4-16.7 12.9-21.4 12.5-20.6
# leaflets/leaf
3 3 3
Leaf convexity
concave concave concave
Serrations
number many many moderate
shape semi-pointed
semi-pointed
semi-round
Leaf pubescence
sparse moderate/ moderate/
sparse heavy
Petiole pubescence
density sparse heavy heavy
direction perpendicular
acropetal perpendicular
______________________________________
*CIELAB is the abbreviation of the international color system known as
"Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage" 1978. Recommendations on
uniform color spaces -- color difference equations, psychometric color
terms, Supplement No. 2 to CIE Publication No. 15. PARIS.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
Isozyme phenotypes for `Cuesta`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.
Cultivar
Locus `Cuesta` `Chandler`
`Oso Grande`
______________________________________
PGI A4 A1 A2
LAP B3 B3 B3
PGM C2 C1 C2
______________________________________
Flowering, fruiting, fruit, and production characteristics: `Cuesta` is similar to `Chandler` in its production pattern, and produces more early fruit at Watsonville than `Oso Grande` (with conventional winter planting). Comparative statistics for flower and fruit characters, including fruit color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 3. The primary flowers for `Cuesta` are similar in size to `Chandler` and `Oso Grande`, whereas the sepals are somewhat larger than for the comparison cultivars; each primary flower has 5-6 petals. The calyx for `Cuesta` is usually even with the shoulder of the fruit; early-season fruit can have a slight neck. The fruit shape for `Cuesta` is a long conic, and is easily distinguished from `Chandler` (flat conic) and `Oso Grande` (rounded or block conic). External fruit color for `Cuesta` is slightly darker and less glossy than for `Chandler` and `Oso Grande`; internal color is darker than `Chandler` and substantially darker than for `Oso Grande`. Achenes vary from light red to dark red, and are even with the fruit surface or slightly indented.
`Cuesta` has been tested under a variety of cultural regimes, and optimal performance is obtained when nursery treatments, pre-plant chilling regimes, plant densities, and nutritional programs similar to those that optimize performance for `Chandler` are used. In general, `Cuesta` is less sensitive to over-chilling than `Chandler`.
When treated with appropriate planting regimes, `Cuesta` has larger fruit and produces greater yields than `Chandler` (Table 4); `Cuesta` has greater yield and produces fruit similar in size to fruit from `Oso Grande`. Commercial appearance ratings have been equal to or better than those for `Chandler`. Fruit firmness is similar to that for `Chandler` but `Cuesta` is not as firm as `Oso Grande`. Subjectively, `Cuesta` has very good flavor, somewhat less aromatic than `Chandler`, less sweet but better balanced than for `Oso Grande`. The fruit will be acceptable for fresh market, will be exceptional for processing, due to its internal color and will be useful for home garden purposes.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
Flower and fruit characters for
`Cuesta`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.
Cultivar
Character `Cuesta` `Chandler`
`Oso Grande`
______________________________________
# petals
mean 6.5 6.6 5.0
range 5-6 6-8 5-5
Flower position
even/ even/ exposed
(relative to foliage)
slightly exposed
interior
Calyx diam. (mm)
mean 60.0 47.7 34.1
range 50-68 45-53 27-38
Corolla diam. (mm)
mean 41.0 39.3 32.2
range 38-46 36-46 27-41
Fruit shape
length/width 1.32 1.33 1.06
ratio
subjective conic flat conic
blocky/conic
Calyx position
even even/slight
even/slight
neck indent
Seed position even/slight
even/slight
even
indent indent
Fruit color (CIELAB)
external
L* 21.7 23.6 22.4
a* 26.3 38.5 31.2
b* 14.7 14.8 17.2
internal
L* 39.9 46.2 54.1
a* 41.2 39.1 30.4
b* 33.2 29.4 22.7
______________________________________
TABLE 4
______________________________________
Performance for selection `Cuesta` compared with `Oso Grande`
and `Chandler` at the Watsonville Research Facility for the
1991 trial. All plants were dug from a nursery near MacDoel,
CA on October 5, 1990.
Appear-
Weeks Yield Size ance
storage
(g/plant)
(g/fruit)
Score Firmness
______________________________________
`Cuesta` 1 1,906 24.4 4.0 7.2
3 2,274 27.8 4.2 7.4
`Chandler`
1 1,647 23.2 3.8 6.8
3 2,078 25.8 4.0 7.1
`Oso Grande`
1 1,237 25.7 3.7 8.0
3 1,740 27.1 3.8 8.3
______________________________________
TABLE 5
______________________________________
Munsell color classification for leaf and fruit characters.
Munsell Munsell
Leaf Color Classes Fruit Color Classes
Upper Lower
Item (Adaxial) (Abaxial) External
Internal
______________________________________
Chandler
5GY 4/3 5GY 5/6 5R 5/13 7R 5/13
5GY 5/6 5R 4/12
Oso 5GY 4/3 5GY 5/6 5R 5/13 7.5R 7/9
5GY 3/2 7.5GY 6/8 7.5R 5/13
7.5R 6/12
Cuesta 7.5GY 6/8 10GY 7/8 5R 4/12 7.5R 5/13
5R 3/7 7.5R 4/11
______________________________________
Claims (1)
1. The new and distinct variety of strawberry plant illustrated and described and having the characteristics above enumerated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/041,748 USPP8662P (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1993-04-01 | Strawberry plant called `Cuesta` |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/041,748 USPP8662P (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1993-04-01 | Strawberry plant called `Cuesta` |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP8662P true USPP8662P (en) | 1994-03-29 |
Family
ID=21918123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/041,748 Expired - Lifetime USPP8662P (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1993-04-01 | Strawberry plant called `Cuesta` |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP8662P (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP25223P2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2015-01-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Strawberry plant named ‘Sweet Sunrise’ |
| USPP25300P2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2015-02-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Strawberry plant named ‘Charm’ |
-
1993
- 1993-04-01 US US08/041,748 patent/USPP8662P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP25223P2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2015-01-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Strawberry plant named ‘Sweet Sunrise’ |
| USPP25300P2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2015-02-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Strawberry plant named ‘Charm’ |
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|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE, CALI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BRINGHURST, ROYCE S.;SHAW, DOUGLAS V.;VOTH, VICTOR;REEL/FRAME:006549/0858;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930301 TO 19930319 |