USPP7860P - Grapevine, `Chardonel` - Google Patents
Grapevine, `Chardonel` Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP7860P USPP7860P US07/585,836 US58583690V US7860P US PP7860 P USPP7860 P US PP7860P US 58583690 V US58583690 V US 58583690V US 7860 P US7860 P US 7860P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chardonel
- white
- cayuga
- years
- chardonnay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000005731 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010070600 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000009569 Phosphoglucomutase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091000115 phosphomannomutase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015040 sparkling wine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020097 white wine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001465180 Botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000592374 Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000510928 Erysiphe necator Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001516577 Phylloxera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001281803 Plasmopara viticola Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003323 beak Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/88—Vitaceae, e.g. Vitus [grape]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- the invention is a new and distinct variety of grapevine, ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ , from a cross of ⁇ Seyval ⁇ and ⁇ Chardonnay ⁇ , which can be distinguished by its outstanding wine combined with high productivity, and cold hardiness superior to its acclaimed parent, ⁇ Chardonnay ⁇ .
- ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ was developed by a breeding program of The Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ resulted from the cross of ⁇ Seyval ⁇ with ⁇ Chardonnay ⁇ . The cross was made in 1953. Fruit were first observed in 1958 and the original vine was propagated in 1960. Propagation was accomplished by taking hardwood cuttings from the original seedling vine. The cuttings were rooted in a standard potting soil mix in a greenhouse. Rooted cuttings in pots were transferred to an irrigated nursery for one season, dug and stored in a cold room over the winter and planted to a permanent vineyard location as bare-rooted vines the following year. ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ had been known previously as GW 9 (Geneva White number 9) and N.Y. 45010.
- Trunks of ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ are susceptible to damage from low temperatures which may cause damage such as trunk splitting or provoke crown gall disease.
- ⁇ White Riesling ⁇ vines were defunct and 7% had trunk damage, while 7% of ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ vines had trunk damage and 7% were dead.
- Vines of ⁇ Cayuga White ⁇ , ⁇ Horizon ⁇ , ⁇ Aurore ⁇ and ⁇ Concord ⁇ had no trunk damage while 7% of 15 vines of ⁇ Vidal blanc ⁇ had trunk damage.
- Foliage and fruit are moderately susceptible to powdery mildew )Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr.), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola [Berk. and Curt.] Berl. & de Toni) and botrytis bunch rot Botrytic cinerea Pers.). Since the foliage is not susceptible to sulfur injury, powdery mildew can be controlled with sulfur applications.
- FIG. 1A shows a mature leaf, upper surface.
- FIG. 1B shows a mature leaf, lower surface.
- FIG. 2 shows a young shoot.
- FIG. 3 shows fruit clusters of ⁇ Chardonel ⁇ .
- Vine Vigorous, with weight of cane prunings/vine/year between 0.5 and 1.0 kg, upright in growth habit.
- Bud break follows ⁇ Concord ⁇ by several days. The trunk is moderately strong and sheds bark in narrow longitudinal strips. Bark color ranges from brown 200A to block 202A (approximate).
- the petiolar sinus is lyre-shaped. The leaf margin is entire on most leaves as can be seen from the figures, with occasional leaves having shallow v-shaped sinuses.
- the upper leaf surface is glabrous, flat, smooth and yellow-green 146B.
- the lower surface of the leaf is smooth and light grayish-green. Petioles are red 53B with a green 144D background.
- Clusters Shouldered, medium large, averaging 200 g/cluster, usually borne 2 per shoot on primary shoots, Very little crop is found on lateral, secondary and tertiary shoots. Clusters are medium-dense.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of grapevine, `Chardonel`, from a cross of `Seyval` and `Chardonnay`, which can be distinguished by its outstanding wine combined with high productivity, and cold hardiness superior to its acclaimed parent, `Chardonnay`.
Description
The invention is a new and distinct variety of grapevine, `Chardonel`, from a cross of `Seyval` and `Chardonnay`, which can be distinguished by its outstanding wine combined with high productivity, and cold hardiness superior to its acclaimed parent, `Chardonnay`.
`Chardonel` was developed by a breeding program of The Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. `Chardonel` resulted from the cross of `Seyval` with `Chardonnay`. The cross was made in 1953. Fruit were first observed in 1958 and the original vine was propagated in 1960. Propagation was accomplished by taking hardwood cuttings from the original seedling vine. The cuttings were rooted in a standard potting soil mix in a greenhouse. Rooted cuttings in pots were transferred to an irrigated nursery for one season, dug and stored in a cold room over the winter and planted to a permanent vineyard location as bare-rooted vines the following year. `Chardonel` had been known previously as GW 9 (Geneva White number 9) and N.Y. 45010.
Own-rooted vines grown in phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.) infested soils are productive and moderately vigorous. Annual cane pruning weights averaged 0.79 kg per vine over a 5 year period in a replicated trial in Dresden, N.Y. (Table 1). This compared favorably to `Cayuga White` and other varieties in that trial. Vines are more vigorous in Arkansas and Michigan. Five year yield averaged 11.6 t/ha at Dresden, about the same as `Cayuga White` (Table 1). In Michigan and Arkansas, `Chardonel` is more productive than `Cayuga White`. At Geneva, vines of `Chardonel` have averaged 10.7 t/ha (1987-1989).
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Viticultural production data for `Cayuga White`
and `Chardonel` grown at three locations.
______________________________________
Cane Pruning Weight (kg/vine)
Cultivar NY.sup.z MI.sup.y AR.sup.x
______________________________________
Cayuga White
0.71a.sup.w
0.50 0.60
Chardonel 0.79a.sup. 1.4-1.8 3.00
______________________________________
Clusters Per Vine
Yield (t/ha)
Cultivar NY MI AR NY MI AR
______________________________________
Cayuga White
44.0a 89.7 11.9a 6.7 22.7
Chardonel 40.2a 69.8 11.6a 15.9 18.8
______________________________________
.sup.z New York data pruning weights, cluster numbers and yield based on
five years in a replicated trial of 22 white wine cultivars.
.sup.y Michigan data collected at the Sodus Horticultural Experiment
Station, Michigan. `Cayuga White` data was collected 1983-1985
(inclusive). `Chardonel` data was collected 1983-1988 (inclusive).
.sup.x Arkansas data based on two years (1986-1987), at Fayetteville,
Arkansas.
.sup.w Means within columns followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at p < 0.05 according to Duncan's Multiple Range
Test. Statistics are presented only where they could be calculated from
the available data.
The vines are moderately winter hardy at Geneva and trunk injury is occasionally a problem. However, `Chardonel` is considerably hardier than `Chardonnay` and nearly as winter hardy as its `Seyval` parent. In Michigan, it is rated as hardier than `Seyval` and `Vidal blanc`. In 1981, following extensive winter cold damage at Geneva, vines of `Chardonel` had 74% shootless nodes, comparable with `Cayuga White` (74%) and `Vidal blanc` (77%), but worse than `Aurore` (30%), `Catawba` (39%), `Horizon` (49%) and `Concord` (28%. Trunks of `Chardonel` are susceptible to damage from low temperatures which may cause damage such as trunk splitting or provoke crown gall disease. After 8 years at Dresden, N.Y., under commercial practices suitable for growing interspecific hybird grapes, 73% of 15 ) winter tender) `White Riesling` vines were defunct and 7% had trunk damage, while 7% of `Chardonel` vines had trunk damage and 7% were dead. Vines of `Cayuga White`, `Horizon`, `Aurore` and `Concord` had no trunk damage while 7% of 15 vines of `Vidal blanc` had trunk damage.
Flower of `Chardonel` are perfect and self-fertile with medium late bloom following late bud-break. Clusters are shouldered and medium-large (200 g), averaging 1.6 clusters per shoot. Very little crop is borne on lateral shoots and cluster thinning is required only infrequently. The amber berries are medium sized and spherical.
`Chardonel` ripens between Oct. 1st and Oct. 15th in New York and Michigan. Juice soluble solids and titratable acidity are usually higher than for `Cayuga White` (Table 2).
TABLE 2
______________________________________
Juice soluble solids and wine pH and acidity for
`Chardonel` and `Cayuga White` grown at three locations.
______________________________________
Soluble Solids (%)
pH
Cultivar NY MI AR NY MI
______________________________________
Cayuga White
18.9 17.3 16.6 3.26 3.04
Chardonel 19.6 20.8 21.4 2.97 3.12
______________________________________
Titratable Acidity (g/liter)
Cultivar AR NY MI AR
______________________________________
Cayuga White 3.39 7.9 7.9 6.1
Chardonel 3.43 11.7 10.6 5.3
______________________________________
.sup.z New York data for `Chardonel` - Soluble solids data based on 11
years (1976-1988, except 1977, 1984); pH data based on 5 years (1982-1983
1985, 1987-1988); total acidity based on 9 years (1976, 1978-1982,
1986-1988). Wine data for `Cayuga White` - Soluble solids data based on 1
years (1975-1983 and 1986); pH data based on 2 years (1982-1983); total
acidity based on 7 years (1976-1977, 1979-1982 and 1986).
.sup.y Michigan data collected at the Sodus Horticultural Experiment
Station, Michigan. `Cayuga White` data was collected 1983-1985
(inclusive). `Chardonel` data was collected 1983-1988 (inclusive).
.sup.x Arkansas data based on two years (1986 and 1987), for `Cayuga
White` and four years (1986-1989) for `Chardonel`.
Wines, which were first made in 1966, have been described as pleasant and delicate with light fruitiness. In some years, the wine is slightly grassy. The wine has good body and very little of the flavor characteristics of interspecific hybrid grapes. `Chardonel`, when harvested at the appropriate stage, may have potential for sparkling wine production because it retains a good acid balance during ripening. At Geneva, wines have been rated good to excellent. In Arkansas, the better wines have been likened to `Chardonnay`, and lesser quality samples are as good as `Seyval`. There is some evidence suggestive of potential for sparkling wine production.
Foliage and fruit are moderately susceptible to powdery mildew )Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr.), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola [Berk. and Curt.] Berl. & de Toni) and botrytis bunch rot Botrytic cinerea Pers.). Since the foliage is not susceptible to sulfur injury, powdery mildew can be controlled with sulfur applications.
The accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the fruit and leaves of the new variety in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in a color illustration of this character.
FIG. 1A shows a mature leaf, upper surface.
FIG. 1B shows a mature leaf, lower surface.
FIG. 2 shows a young shoot.
FIG. 3 shows fruit clusters of `Chardonel`.
The following is a detailed description of the pomological characteristics of the subject grapevine. Color terminology is in accordance with that of The "Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart" published in 1966 by The Royal Horticultural Society of London, England.
When dimensions, sizes, colors and other characteristics are given, it is to be understood that such characteristics are approximations set forth as accurately as possible. Variations of the usual magnitude incident to climatic factors, fertilization, pruning, pest control and other cultural practices are to be expected.
The descriptions reported herein are from specimens grown at Geneva, N.Y.
Vine: Vigorous, with weight of cane prunings/vine/year between 0.5 and 1.0 kg, upright in growth habit. Bud break follows `Concord` by several days. The trunk is moderately strong and sheds bark in narrow longitudinal strips. Bark color ranges from brown 200A to block 202A (approximate).
Shoot Tip: Curved with light cobwebby brownish indument. The first flat leaf is glabrous and light green.
Shoot: Inflorescences are borne on nodes 2, 3 and 4 from the base. Very little lateral shoot production occurs. Tendrils are slender and wiry, and discontinuous along the shoot.
Mature leaves: mature leaf shape ranges from cuneiform 146-3-35 to orbicular-reniform 036-3-36. According to the angles formed by the veins (S=131°) the leaf is cuneiform. But according to the raio of leaf length to leaf width (0.73), it tends toward orbicular. The petiolar sinus is lyre-shaped. The leaf margin is entire on most leaves as can be seen from the figures, with occasional leaves having shallow v-shaped sinuses. The upper leaf surface is glabrous, flat, smooth and yellow-green 146B. The lower surface of the leaf is smooth and light grayish-green. Petioles are red 53B with a green 144D background.
Clusters: Shouldered, medium large, averaging 200 g/cluster, usually borne 2 per shoot on primary shoots, Very little crop is found on lateral, secondary and tertiary shoots. Clusters are medium-dense.
Fruit: Medium sized and spherical in shape, fully seeded, maturing in early October in Geneva. The skin is medium-tough, moderately crack-resistant and yellow-green 152D with a light waxy bloom. At Geneva, N.Y., on head-trained, cane pruned vines thinned to one cluster per shoot, the average berry weight is 2.29 grams. The skin adheres tightly to the flesh and the flesh adheres tightly to the seed. There are an average of 2.75 seeds per berry, weighing 42.3 mg per seed. The seed weight accounts for about 5% of the total berry weight. The seeds are pyriform in shape, with a long, prominent beak. The central ridge on the ventral side is prominent, with distinct indentations on either side. On the dorsal side, there is a faint, shallow ridge with a centrally located chalaza. Due to high acidity, low flavor and tough flesh tsxture, the variety has no value in the current table grape market. The flavor of the ripe fruit is mildly fruity, tart, with hints of apricots and apples.
Productivity: Averages 7.1 kg/vine (productive) over three years at Geneva. A metric tonne of fruit yields approximately 535 liters of juice.
Fruit analysis: 10.6° Brix (11 year average), 11.7 g/liter post-fermentation titratable acidity (9 year average) and 2.97 pH (5 year average).
Wine character: Ranks high, produces pleasant and delicate white wine with light fruitiness. In some years, the wine is slightly grassy. Occasinally the wine character is likened to its parent, `Chardonnay`.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
Isozyme profiles useful in distinguishing
`Chardonel` from other grape cultivars
______________________________________
Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) - Rf value:
Variety 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.38 0.39 0.40
______________________________________
Vignoles x x x x
Seyval x x x
Chardonel x x x
Vidal blanc
x x x
Cayuga White
x x
Melody x x x
Chardonnay x x x
______________________________________
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase (GPI) - Rf value
Variety 0.08 0.13 0.16 0.23 0.36 0.58
______________________________________
Vignoles x x x x x
Seyval x x x x
Chardonel x x x x
Vidal blanc
x x x x
Cayuga White
x x x x
Melody x x x x
Chardonnay
x x x x
______________________________________
Claims (1)
1. The new and distinct variety of grape vine herein discribed and illustrated and identified by the characteristics enumerated above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/585,836 USPP7860P (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Grapevine, `Chardonel` |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/585,836 USPP7860P (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Grapevine, `Chardonel` |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP7860P true USPP7860P (en) | 1992-05-05 |
Family
ID=24343158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/585,836 Expired - Lifetime USPP7860P (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Grapevine, `Chardonel` |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP7860P (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP19246P2 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2008-09-16 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine-“‘Chisago’” |
| USPP31039P2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-11-12 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine plant named ‘Nicollet’ |
| USPP31040P2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-11-12 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine plant named ‘Franconia’ |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 US US07/585,836 patent/USPP7860P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| Cultivar & Germplasm Releases, Reisch, B. I. et al., HortScience vol. 25(12): 1666 1667, 1990. * |
| Cultivar & Germplasm Releases, Reisch, B. I. et al., HortScience vol. 25(12): 1666-1667, 1990. |
| Great Lakes Fruit Grower News, Feb., 1985. * |
| New York s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin, Reisch, B. I. et al., No. 132, 1990, pp. 1 3. * |
| New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin, Reisch, B. I. et al., No. 132, 1990, pp. 1-3. |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP19246P2 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2008-09-16 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine-“‘Chisago’” |
| USPP31039P2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-11-12 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine plant named ‘Nicollet’ |
| USPP31040P2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-11-12 | Winehaven, Inc. | Grapevine plant named ‘Franconia’ |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CORNELL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC., 20 THORNWOOD DR Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:REISCH, BRUCE I.;POOL, ROBERT M.;EINSET, JOHN DECEASED REPRESENTED BY HIS SPOUSE AND EXECUTRIX, HJORIDS EINSET;REEL/FRAME:005534/0287;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900820 TO 19900911 |