USPP7521P - Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A16" - Google Patents
Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A16" Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP7521P USPP7521P US07/344,278 US34427889V US7521P US PP7521 P USPP7521 P US PP7521P US 34427889 V US34427889 V US 34427889V US 7521 P US7521 P US 7521P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tree
- nut
- medium
- med
- keauhou
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 240000007575 Macadamia integrifolia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229940083753 renown Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010154 cross-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/54—Leguminosae or Fabaceae, e.g. soybean, alfalfa or peanut
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a new and distinct variety of Macadamia tree believed to be a cross of Macadamia integrifolia ⁇ tetraphylla which was identified in a cultivated area.
- a low density canopy a very short flowering period
- an elliptical leaf which has a smooth, lightly undulated and rolled margin
- medium pale racemes a set of an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme and a nut which is smooth, oval and thin shelled.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical tree specimen of the new variety, named "Hidden Valley A16".
- FIG. 2 shows typical nut clusters of the new variety.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the leaves of the new variety with the known variety ⁇ HAES 246 ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the kernel and nut of the new variety with the kernal and nut of the known variety ⁇ HAES 246 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the kernel and nut of the new variety.
- the variety results from a seedling derived from the open pollination of a female parent of the variety Renown, itself a hybrid of M. integrifolia ⁇ M. tetraphylla.
- the seedling may have arisen from self-pollination or from cross-pollination with the nearest possible pollination parents being of the varieties Own Choice, Keauhou, Kakea and N.R.G.
- the male parent is believed unlikely to have been self and based on an examination of the morphological character of the plant it is believed that the most likely pollen parent is an integrifolia variety such as Kakea or Keauhou.
- the cultivar has been successfully and successively grafted onto a variety of rootstock yielding trees of consistent character and having good yield characteristics while maintaining current kernel quality and beneficial growth characteristics. The cultivar was discovered and propagated at Hidden Valley Plantations, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
- Tree The tree is erect in habit (slightly more than Kau), moderately branching with a low density canopy (less than Keauhou or Own Choice). The leaves are arranged predominantly three leaves per node unlike Renown which has predominantly four leaves per node and Hidden Valley A4 which has an even ratio between three- and four-leaf nodes.
- the grafted material is vigorous in growth (more than Keauhou but less than Hidden Valley A4).
- the shoots are of medium thickness (thinner than Hidden Valley A4) with an average of 44 mm between nodes, with sparse pubescence and weak anthocyanin coloration (R.H.S. 153A) on the new flush.
- the tree exhibits an average length juvenile phase (slightly shorter than Keauhou or Kau but longer than Hidden Valley A4).
- Leaves The leaves are elliptical, 2.65 times longer than broad, broader than Own Choice or Keauhou with an obtuse angle rounded tip similar to Kau.
- the leaf margins are smooth with 0.01 spines per cm and are less undulated than Keauhou.
- the leaf margins are rolled similar to Own Choice.
- the young leaves are pale green (R.H.S. 137B), while mature leaves are dark green (R.H.S. 137A), dull surfaced similar to Nutty Glen with distinctly lighter margins (R.H.S. 15D).
- the racemes are white, medium in length (shorter than Renown) and sparse on the tree compared to Keauhou.
- the tree has a shorter and lighter flowering period than Keauhou, which starts earlier and finishes later.
- the flowering observed is mid-season and the length of flowering time is shorter than for any other known variety.
- the reduced length of flowering time is believed to contribute to an observed light post-anthesis nut drop.
- the husk is relatively thin (thinner than Renown and similar to Keauhou) with a small hilum end point (about the same as Kau) and an unshouldered pedicel also similar to Kau. Husk dehiscence is partly on the tree (although less so than Nutty Glen or Renown) but is mainly on the ground. There is an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme. There is no pre-germination on the tree observed (as in Nutty Glen) and a very low incidence of fruit remaining on the tree or double-embryo fruit as compared with Own Choice.
- the nuts are oval, 1.04 times longer than wider, less oval and more even than Renown but less round than Keauhou.
- the shell is light brown (R.H.S. 164A) with a smooth surface (smoother than Nutty Glen or Renown, but more coarse than Kau) and a moderate sheen (less than Nutty Glen but more than Keauhou).
- the shell is thinner at the micropyle end (thinner than Keauhou or Kau, but slightly thicker than Nutty Glen).
- the suture is darker than the shell (R.H.S. 165A), while the micropyle is barely visible. There is no twin mark evident.
- There is moderate pale flecking (R.H.S. 164C) more than Keauhou but less than Renown or Nutty Glen.
- Kernel The kernel is ovoid, creamy white with very little upper/lower color difference and a mean weight of 2.9 gm. The kernel averages about 45% of the weight of the nut at 1.5% moisture content. 99% of the kernels have an oil accumulation above 72%.
- HV A16 Hidden Valley A16
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new variety of macadamia hybrid integrifolia×tetraphylla has been identified that is particularly characterized by the following combination of characteristics: a low density canopy, a very short flowering period, an elliptical leaf with smooth, lightly undulated and rolled margins, medium pale racemes setting an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme and a nut which is smooth, oval and thin shelled.
Description
The present invention is directed to a new and distinct variety of Macadamia tree believed to be a cross of Macadamia integrifolia×tetraphylla which was identified in a cultivated area.
Among the distinct characterstics of this tree is a combination of: a low density canopy, a very short flowering period, an elliptical leaf which has a smooth, lightly undulated and rolled margin, medium pale racemes, a set of an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme and a nut which is smooth, oval and thin shelled.
Asexual reproduction of the new variety has been accomplished by grafting scion stock taken from the original seedling plant onto both seedling and mature rootstock of various other Macadamia varieties. The variety has maintained character regardless of rootstock, and has exhibited the following characteristics and distinctions true to form through succeeding propagations.
FIG. 1 shows a typical tree specimen of the new variety, named "Hidden Valley A16".
FIG. 2 shows typical nut clusters of the new variety.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the leaves of the new variety with the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the kernel and nut of the new variety with the kernal and nut of the known variety `HAES 246`.
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the kernel and nut of the new variety.
The variety results from a seedling derived from the open pollination of a female parent of the variety Renown, itself a hybrid of M. integrifolia×M. tetraphylla. The seedling may have arisen from self-pollination or from cross-pollination with the nearest possible pollination parents being of the varieties Own Choice, Keauhou, Kakea and N.R.G. The male parent is believed unlikely to have been self and based on an examination of the morphological character of the plant it is believed that the most likely pollen parent is an integrifolia variety such as Kakea or Keauhou. The cultivar has been successfully and successively grafted onto a variety of rootstock yielding trees of consistent character and having good yield characteristics while maintaining current kernel quality and beneficial growth characteristics. The cultivar was discovered and propagated at Hidden Valley Plantations, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
The following is a detailed description of the new variety, with color terminology determined in accordance with the Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart number. The characteristics and morphology listed below represent mean measurements from a minimum of one hundred specimens from trees grown in Beerwah, Queensland, Australia.
Tree: The tree is erect in habit (slightly more than Kau), moderately branching with a low density canopy (less than Keauhou or Own Choice). The leaves are arranged predominantly three leaves per node unlike Renown which has predominantly four leaves per node and Hidden Valley A4 which has an even ratio between three- and four-leaf nodes. The grafted material is vigorous in growth (more than Keauhou but less than Hidden Valley A4). The shoots are of medium thickness (thinner than Hidden Valley A4) with an average of 44 mm between nodes, with sparse pubescence and weak anthocyanin coloration (R.H.S. 153A) on the new flush. The tree exhibits an average length juvenile phase (slightly shorter than Keauhou or Kau but longer than Hidden Valley A4).
Leaves: The leaves are elliptical, 2.65 times longer than broad, broader than Own Choice or Keauhou with an obtuse angle rounded tip similar to Kau. The leaf margins are smooth with 0.01 spines per cm and are less undulated than Keauhou. The leaf margins are rolled similar to Own Choice. The young leaves are pale green (R.H.S. 137B), while mature leaves are dark green (R.H.S. 137A), dull surfaced similar to Nutty Glen with distinctly lighter margins (R.H.S. 15D).
Mean leaf length.--126.59 mm with standard deviation (s.d.) of 15.29.
Mean leaf width.--48.24 mm with s.d. of 5.46.
Mean petiole length.--6.8 mm with s.d. of 1.48.
Flower: The racemes are white, medium in length (shorter than Renown) and sparse on the tree compared to Keauhou. The tree has a shorter and lighter flowering period than Keauhou, which starts earlier and finishes later. The flowering observed is mid-season and the length of flowering time is shorter than for any other known variety. The reduced length of flowering time is believed to contribute to an observed light post-anthesis nut drop.
Fruit: The husk is relatively thin (thinner than Renown and similar to Keauhou) with a small hilum end point (about the same as Kau) and an unshouldered pedicel also similar to Kau. Husk dehiscence is partly on the tree (although less so than Nutty Glen or Renown) but is mainly on the ground. There is an average of 4.4 nuts per raceme. There is no pre-germination on the tree observed (as in Nutty Glen) and a very low incidence of fruit remaining on the tree or double-embryo fruit as compared with Own Choice.
Mean fruit length.--40.7 mm with s.d. 2.47 (with pedicel and hilum).
Mean fruit width.--30.95 mm with s.d. 1.76.
Nut: The nuts are oval, 1.04 times longer than wider, less oval and more even than Renown but less round than Keauhou. The shell is light brown (R.H.S. 164A) with a smooth surface (smoother than Nutty Glen or Renown, but more coarse than Kau) and a moderate sheen (less than Nutty Glen but more than Keauhou). The shell is thinner at the micropyle end (thinner than Keauhou or Kau, but slightly thicker than Nutty Glen). The suture is darker than the shell (R.H.S. 165A), while the micropyle is barely visible. There is no twin mark evident. There is moderate pale flecking (R.H.S. 164C), more than Keauhou but less than Renown or Nutty Glen.
Mean nut diameter.--24.97 (Range 19-28 mm) with s.d. 1.27.
Mean nut weight.--6.5 gm.
Kernel: The kernel is ovoid, creamy white with very little upper/lower color difference and a mean weight of 2.9 gm. The kernel averages about 45% of the weight of the nut at 1.5% moisture content. 99% of the kernels have an oil accumulation above 72%.
Yield: Recorded nut yields to date have been estimated in trials to be the highest of all tested varieties based on the yield of the original tree. The estimate is based on recording yield per tree divided by tree silhouette area. The original tree's yield estimate is boosted by its relatively small size for its age. The nut yield has grown proportionately faster than the tree. Other trees of the variety are too young, as yet, to assist whether this growth characteristic is characteristic of the variety or simply of the original tree.
The following Table 1 compares many of the features of Hidden Valley A16 (HV A16) with the other varieties Keauhou, Kau, Own Choice, Nutty Glen, and Renown.
______________________________________
Tree
______________________________________
Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau
______________________________________
Growth erect spreading erect
habit
Canopy low medium high
density
Lower rising level strongly
branch rising
attitude
Vigour, strong medium med-weak
grafts
Shoot med-thin medium med-thin
thickness
Anthocyanin weak absent absent
colouration RHS
152A-B
Juvenile short medium long
phase
______________________________________
Own Nutty
Character Choice Glen Renown
______________________________________
Growth spread- semi- semi-
habit ing erect erect
Canopy high low medium
density
Lower droop- rising droop-
branch ing ing
attitude
Vigour, strong strong
grafts
Shoot thin med- medium
thickness thin
Anthocyanin weak medium
colouration weak
Juvenile med-
phase short
______________________________________
______________________________________ LEAF ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau No. peraxis 3 3 3 ______________________________________ Shape Ellipti- Obovate Obovate cal Tip obtuse obtuse obtuse rounded rounded pointed Length/ 2.64 3.25 3.42 breadth length(mm) 126.59 138.82 125.09 Petiole 6.78 10.43 9.24 length(mm) Marg:Spines 0.12 0.12 0.17 /cm Mid portion medium med-strong med-weak Undulation Rolling medium med-weak med-weak Mature dark dark dark colour green green green RHS Chart 137A 139A 139A No. Immature green green green colour RHS Chart 137B 137A-B 141A No. Margin paler paler similar colour Leaf sheen low med-high med-high Vein colour 153A 152D 152C ______________________________________ Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown No. peraxis 3 4 4 ______________________________________ Shape Narrow Narrow Broad Elliptical Obovate Lanceolate Tip obtuse acute acute rounded either pointed Length/ 2.81 4.53 3.91 breadth lenght(mm) 128.16 153.40 169.93 Petiole 8.65 4.77 7.33 length(mm) Marg:Spines 0.09 0.90 0.78 /cm Mid portion medium weak weak Undulation Rolling med strong weak med-weak Mature dark dark dark colour green green green RHS Chart 139A 137A No. Immature green green green colour RHS Chart 137B 143A No. Margin paler paler paler colour Leaf sheen low medium low-med Vein colour 152D 153D ______________________________________
______________________________________
FLOWERING AND FRUIT
______________________________________
Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau
______________________________________
Flowering med-late medium v-early
time
Duration very medium long
short
Nuts/raceme 4.4 1.5(est) 2.5(est)
Raceme very dense medium
density light
on tree
Raceme medium short short-med
length
Husk color 137A 137A 137B
Husk thick- 3 mm 3 mm 2.7 mm
ness
% nut 12% 11.7% 10.6%
diameter
Hilum medium- medium small
endpoint small
Pedicel absent absent
shoulder
Dehiscence off-tree off-tree 1 off-tree
(1-5) 1 1
Splitting off-tree off-tree 5 off-tree
(1-5) 4 5
______________________________________
Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown
______________________________________
Flowering early late med-late
time
Duration
Nuts/raceme 2.0(est) 1.5(est)
Raceme dense med-
density dense
on tree
Raceme medium long long
length
Husk color 137A 138A
Husk thick- 3.2 mm 4.3 mm 4.4 mm
ness
% nut 12.1% 15.4% 16.4%
diameter
Hilum med-small small large
endpoint
Pedicel absent absent weak
shoulder
Dehiscence both 2 on-tree
(1-5) 3
Splitting off-tree 4 on-tree 1 on-tree
(1-5) 2
______________________________________
______________________________________ NUTS ______________________________________ Character HV A16 Keauhou Kau ______________________________________ Nut Shape oval round round length/ 1.04 0.98 0.99 breadth Nut 24.97 25.55 25.00 diameter(mm) Range(mm) 19-28 21-30 22-28 Std 1.27 1.46 1.37 deviation(mm) Kernel 2.9-3.5 2.3-2.7 2.2-2.5 weight(mm) % of Nut 44-47 34-38 32-34 Shell smooth mild-rough smooth texture Shell medium dull dull sheen Shell mod-slight slight moderate flecking Micropyle v-slight obvious v-slight Shell 164A 165B 165B colour (dried) Suture darker same lighter colour ______________________________________ Character Own Choice Nutty Glen Renown ______________________________________ Nut Shape round round oval length/ 1.04 0.99 1.12 breadth Nut 25.96 28.04 26.85 diameter(mm) Range(mm) 21-30 23-34 23-30 Std 1.57 2.02 1.45 deviation(mm) Kernel 2.5-2.7 4.0 3.2-3.6 weight(mm) % of Nut 33-36 46-47 39-41 Shell smooth rough rough texture Shell dull med-shiny shiny sheen Shell mod-heavy mod-slight mod-heavy flecking Micropyle v-slight v-slight v-slight Shell 165A-B 165A-B 165B colour (dried) Suture same same lighter colour ______________________________________
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct hybrid Macadamia integrifolia×tetraphylla named Hidden Valley A16 substantially as shown and described.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU8800288 | 1988-04-26 | ||
| AU88/002 | 1988-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP7521P true USPP7521P (en) | 1991-05-14 |
Family
ID=3763262
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/344,278 Expired - Lifetime USPP7521P (en) | 1988-04-26 | 1989-04-26 | Macadamia named "Hidden Valley A16" |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP7521P (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-04-26 US US07/344,278 patent/USPP7521P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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