USPP7197P - Apple tree: Honeycrisp - Google Patents

Apple tree: Honeycrisp Download PDF

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Publication number
USPP7197P
USPP7197P US07/268,363 US26836388V US7197P US PP7197 P USPP7197 P US PP7197P US 26836388 V US26836388 V US 26836388V US 7197 P US7197 P US 7197P
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fruit
honeycrisp
apple tree
harvest
variety
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US07/268,363
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Jim Luby
David S. Bedford
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NURSERY LICENSING ASSOCIATION LLC
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University of Minnesota
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Assigned to REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, A CORP. OF MN reassignment REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, A CORP. OF MN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BEDFORD, DAVID S., LUBY, JIM
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Assigned to NURSERY LICENSING ASSOCIATION LLC reassignment NURSERY LICENSING ASSOCIATION LLC ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS Assignors: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
    • A01H6/7418—Malus domestica, i.e. apples
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/08—Fruits

Definitions

  • This invention is a new and distinct variety of apple tree. It was discovered by Applicant in September 1974 as part of the University of Minnesota apple breeding program to develop winter hardy varieties with high fruit quality.
  • This new cultivar is a seedling of known parentage planted in 1962 in block 53 of the University of Minnesota Horticultural Research Center, located in Carver County near Excelsior, Minn. In this seedling orchard the position of the tree was Row 1 Tree 88. The variety was produced from the cross number AE 603, Macoun x Honeygold. Following discovery and asexual reproduction by grafting, it was further tested as selection or designation MN 1711. This new cultivar is named HONEYCRISP.
  • the variety is most notable for its extremely crisp texture which is maintained for at least 5 months in storage at 34° F. without atmosphere modification.
  • the fruit of Honeycrisp has been rated superior to fruit of McIntosh, Haralson, Honeygold, Regent, Delicious, and Keepsake by sensory evaluation panels for flavor and texture traits in winter storage tests (Chart A).
  • Another advantage of this cultivar is that the season of harvest may be extended over a longer period compared to most current varieties, if desired.
  • the acceptable harvest date may range from September 10 to October 15 at Excelsior, Minn. Fruit from the earlier harvest dates are generally mild in flavor while fruit from later harvest dates may be strongly aromatic.
  • the average optimum harvest date is during the fourth week of September; approximately 5 days after McIntosh. The fruit on a tree ripens evenly and does not drop prematurely or after the optimum harvest period. Thus, the wide range of possible harvest dates does not imply that repeated pickings are required.
  • This new variety is also characterized by a moderately vigorous tree with a slightly upright growth habit. Trees bear fruit annually and do not require chemical or hand thinning. The variety has been hardy in the field at the above-noted location at Excelsior, Minn. with trees showing little winter injury and bearing fruit annually. Laboratory freezing tests of 1-year old wood conducted in December 1986 and January 1988 compared Honeycrisp to other common varieties for cold hardiness (Chart B). Honeycrisp showed less freezing damage than regent, Honeygold and Haralson in the December 1986 test and in similar tests in January 1988 Honeycrisp showed less injury than McIntosh and Honeygold, but more injury than Regent and Harlson.
  • the fruit of this variety has an exceptionally crisp and juicy texture, with a sub-acid flavor and mild aroma.
  • the skin has 50-90% solid to mottled red coloration over a yellow background with greater coloration if the fruit is more exposed to the sun.
  • Lenticels are small and numerous.
  • the fruit surface has shallow dimples and green russeting at the stem end.
  • the flesh is cream colored and coarse in texture.
  • FIG. 1 is a photographic print in full color showing the form of a mature tree and the ripe fruit.
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic print in full color showing the mature fruit on a section of the tree.
  • FIG. 3 is a photographic print in full color showing the fruit of this cultivar.
  • Bark Smooth, bronze with prominent lenticels.
  • Shape Ovate, serrate margin.
  • Size Length from 8.0 to 10.5 cm; width from 5 to 8 cm. Petiole: 3.0 to 3.5 cm in length.
  • Pedicel Length 2.5 to 3.0 cm.
  • Corolla 3.0 to 3.5 cm diameter; petal length/width ratio is 9:5.
  • Open flower is Why Yellow (plate 403/3).
  • Shape Oblate to roundly oblate; slightly irregular.
  • Skin Dimpled; dull; medium thick; dots are small, conspicuous, smooth and numerous.
  • the skin is relatively thin and allows easy penetration when eating the fruit. As the flesh is macerated by chewing, the skin does have a slightly tough texture. Formation of a scarfskin has not been observed.
  • Stem 3 cm long; 0.2 cm wide; medium thickness; stiff.
  • Cavity Acute, medium depth and width; russetted.
  • Basin Broad, deep.
  • Calyx Persistent; mostly closed; slightly recurved.
  • Calyx tube Conic.
  • Carpels Ovate; smooth.
  • the fruit has not shown a tendency to bruise easily during routine picking and handling procedures.
  • the variety is slightly susceptible to apple scab. Symptoms of Cedar Apple Rust and Fireblight, other diseases occurring in the Minnesota area, have not been observed on this variety, but the resistance status for such diseases is generally unknown. The virus status of the variety is unknown.
  • Storage ability Retains quality and texture for up to 5 months at 34° F. in nonmodified atmosphere.
  • the variety has excellent quality for dessert or fresh consumption use. It also has good quality for home processing uses including use in pies, apple crisp desserts and applesauce. The variety has not to date been used for juice production.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

An apple tree having a slightly upright form with moderately vigorous growth; a superior fruit with solid to mottled red color over a yellow background and a crisp and juicy fruit texture; an extended season of harvest but with generally even ripening of fruit so that repeat pickings are unnecessary; good hardiness with little winter injury when grown near Excelsior, Minn. at approximately 45° latitude; and having annual fruit production with no flower thinning required.

Description

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
This invention is a new and distinct variety of apple tree. It was discovered by Applicant in September 1974 as part of the University of Minnesota apple breeding program to develop winter hardy varieties with high fruit quality.
This new cultivar is a seedling of known parentage planted in 1962 in block 53 of the University of Minnesota Horticultural Research Center, located in Carver County near Excelsior, Minn. In this seedling orchard the position of the tree was Row 1 Tree 88. The variety was produced from the cross number AE 603, Macoun x Honeygold. Following discovery and asexual reproduction by grafting, it was further tested as selection or designation MN 1711. This new cultivar is named HONEYCRISP.
The variety is most notable for its extremely crisp texture which is maintained for at least 5 months in storage at 34° F. without atmosphere modification. The fruit of Honeycrisp has been rated superior to fruit of McIntosh, Haralson, Honeygold, Regent, Delicious, and Keepsake by sensory evaluation panels for flavor and texture traits in winter storage tests (Chart A). Another advantage of this cultivar is that the season of harvest may be extended over a longer period compared to most current varieties, if desired. The acceptable harvest date may range from September 10 to October 15 at Excelsior, Minn. Fruit from the earlier harvest dates are generally mild in flavor while fruit from later harvest dates may be strongly aromatic. The average optimum harvest date is during the fourth week of September; approximately 5 days after McIntosh. The fruit on a tree ripens evenly and does not drop prematurely or after the optimum harvest period. Thus, the wide range of possible harvest dates does not imply that repeated pickings are required.
This new variety is also characterized by a moderately vigorous tree with a slightly upright growth habit. Trees bear fruit annually and do not require chemical or hand thinning. The variety has been hardy in the field at the above-noted location at Excelsior, Minn. with trees showing little winter injury and bearing fruit annually. Laboratory freezing tests of 1-year old wood conducted in December 1986 and January 1988 compared Honeycrisp to other common varieties for cold hardiness (Chart B). Honeycrisp showed less freezing damage than regent, Honeygold and Haralson in the December 1986 test and in similar tests in January 1988 Honeycrisp showed less injury than McIntosh and Honeygold, but more injury than Regent and Harlson.
The fruit of this variety has an exceptionally crisp and juicy texture, with a sub-acid flavor and mild aroma. The skin has 50-90% solid to mottled red coloration over a yellow background with greater coloration if the fruit is more exposed to the sun. Lenticels are small and numerous. The fruit surface has shallow dimples and green russeting at the stem end. The flesh is cream colored and coarse in texture.
This new cultivar has been asexually reproduced by means of budding at the above-noted location in Excelsior, Minn. Examination of various trees of the cultivar has confirmed that the combination of characteristics described herein are firmly fixed through successive generations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This new variety of apple tree is illustrated by the accompanying photographic drawings.
FIG. 1 is a photographic print in full color showing the form of a mature tree and the ripe fruit.
FIG. 2 is a photographic print in full color showing the mature fruit on a section of the tree.
FIG. 3 is a photographic print in full color showing the fruit of this cultivar.
All photographs were taken in September at the University of Minnesota Horticultural Research Center, Excelsior, Minn.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW TREE
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are believed to be characteristics of this cultivar which, in combination, distinguish this apple tree as a new and distinct cultivar.
The following is a detailed description of the new variety with the color designations according to the Horticultural Colour Chart issued by the British Colour Council in collaboration with The Royal Horticultural Society (Copyright 1938).
THE TREE
Habit: Slightly upright.
Bark: Smooth, bronze with prominent lenticels.
LEAF
Color: Spinach green (o960 to o960/1) and glossy on top, bottom is pubescent, spinach green (o960/3). Leaves are sometimes tinged yellow at the margins in late summer.
Shape: Ovate, serrate margin.
Aspect: Pubescent on bottom, top is smooth with puberulent veins.
Size: Length from 8.0 to 10.5 cm; width from 5 to 8 cm. Petiole: 3.0 to 3.5 cm in length.
FLOWER
Pedicel: Length 2.5 to 3.0 cm.
Corolla: 3.0 to 3.5 cm diameter; petal length/width ratio is 9:5.
Color: Open flower is Naples Yellow (plate 403/3).
The variety has been observed to produce up to 5% fruit set with self pollination in controlled pollination tests, but cross pollination is desirable for commercial production. In controlled cross pollinations, all varieties which have been used as pollinizers (such as Cortland, Fireside, Priscilla, Liberty, Freedom, and Redfree) have been successful in producing fruit set. Pollen is believed to be viable as it has successfully produced fruit on other varieties with which it has been used in cross breeding.
FRUIT
Shape: Oblate to roundly oblate; slightly irregular.
Size: Axial diameter 7.0 to 8.5 cm; transverse 6.0 to 7.0 cm.
Color: Blotched scarlet (plate 19) over lemon yellow (plate 4/2) background color.
Skin: Dimpled; dull; medium thick; dots are small, conspicuous, smooth and numerous. The skin is relatively thin and allows easy penetration when eating the fruit. As the flesh is macerated by chewing, the skin does have a slightly tough texture. Formation of a scarfskin has not been observed.
Stem: 3 cm long; 0.2 cm wide; medium thickness; stiff.
Cavity: Acute, medium depth and width; russetted.
Basin: Broad, deep.
Calyx: Persistent; mostly closed; slightly recurved.
Calyx tube: Conic.
Stamens: Median.
Core lines: Meeting; turbinate.
Core: Closed, medium large; broad.
Carpels: Ovate; smooth.
Seeds: Acuminate; not tufted.
Flesh:
Texture.--Coarse grained, extremely crisp, juicy.
Flavor.--Sub-acid, mildly aromatic.
Color.--Aureolin yellow (plate 3/3).
Aroma.--Mild, pleasant.
The fruit has not shown a tendency to bruise easily during routine picking and handling procedures.
Maturity season: September 10 to October 15 at Excelsior, Minn. Optimum time is 5 days after McIntosh.
Diseases: The variety is slightly susceptible to apple scab. Symptoms of Cedar Apple Rust and Fireblight, other diseases occurring in the Minnesota area, have not been observed on this variety, but the resistance status for such diseases is generally unknown. The virus status of the variety is unknown.
Storage ability: Retains quality and texture for up to 5 months at 34° F. in nonmodified atmosphere.
Use: The variety has excellent quality for dessert or fresh consumption use. It also has good quality for home processing uses including use in pies, apple crisp desserts and applesauce. The variety has not to date been used for juice production.
              CHART A                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Sensory evaluations of apple cultivars harvested                          
by the University of Minnesota Horticultural Research Center,             
Excelsior, Minnesota. Fruit was evaluated by a trained                    
sensory panel. The rating scale ranged from 1 = low to 9 = high.          
         Skin    Flesh    Flavor/                                         
                                 Testure                                  
Cultivar Color   Color    Aroma  Rating General                           
______________________________________                                    
November 1985 (1985 Crop)                                                 
Honeycrisp                                                                
         6.2     5.7      6.6    7.2    6.4                               
Honeygold                                                                 
         6.2     6.3 6.7  6.3    6.4                                      
Regent   7.5     7.9      6.1    6.6    6.5                               
Haralson 6.9     7.4      6.3    6.3    6.5                               
February 1986 (1985 Crop)                                                 
Honeycrisp                                                                
         6.4     6.0      5.6    7.2    6.0                               
Honeygold                                                                 
         5.8     5.4      4.4    4.2    5.0                               
Regent   6.8     5.6      5.8    6.2    5.6                               
Haralson 5.7     5.5      5.1    6.0    5.1                               
Keepsake 5.7     5.2      5.5    6.5    5.5                               
November 1986 (1986 Crop)                                                 
Honeycrisp                                                                
         6.6     6.1      6.7    7.1    6.8                               
Macspur  6.8     6.7      5.9    5.0    5.7                               
Regent   6.0     6.5      6.0    5.2    5.3                               
Haralson 6.9     6.4      6.9    6.2    6.2                               
Gold. Delic.                                                              
         5.8     6.1      7.1    6.3    6.6                               
February 1987 (1987 Crop)                                                 
Honeycrisp                                                                
         6.4     6.6      7.4    7.0     6.8                              
Regent   6.8     7.2      5.4    5.2    5.6                               
Haralson 6.8     4.4      4.6    4.6    4.6                               
Keepsake 5.8     4.8      5.2    5.4    4.8                               
November 1987 (1987 Crop)                                                 
Honeycrisp                                                                
         6.0     6.0      6.3    7.5    6.7                               
Honeygold                                                                 
         6.2     7.0      5.3    6.4    5.6                               
Regent   6.5     7.5      6.6    7.2    6.8                               
McIntosh 7.3     7.2      6.8    5.2    6.1                               
Haralson 6.3     6.6      5.4    6.7    6.0                               
______________________________________                                    

              CHART B                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Average injury rating of 1-year old wood collected                        
at the University of Minnesota Horticultural Research Center              
and subjected to laboratory freezing tests on two dates:                  
(1) December 30, 1986 frozen to temperatures of -28 to -40° F.;    
(2) January 22, 1988 frozen to temperatures of -33 to -42° F.      
Rating scale ranges from 1 = no injury to 5 = dead.                       
                Injury Rating                                             
Cultivar          12-86   1-88                                            
______________________________________                                    
Honeycrisp        2.0     2.9                                             
McIntosh          1.6     3.3                                             
Regent            2.9     2.3                                             
State Fair        1.7     2.9                                             
Honeygold         2.8     3.1                                             
Haralson          2.3     2.7                                             
______________________________________

Claims (1)

I claim:
1. A new and distinct apple tree substantially as shown and described particularly characterized by a superior fruit with a crisp and juicy texture, an extended season of harvest but with generally even ripening of fruit whereby repeat pickings are unnecessary, a moderately vigorous growth, little winter injury, annual fruit production and with no flower thinning required.
US07/268,363 1988-11-07 1988-11-07 Apple tree: Honeycrisp Expired - Lifetime USPP7197P (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP11367P (en) * 1997-11-25 2000-04-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Apple tree called `Minnewashta`
US20070089207P1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-19 Bedford David S Apple tree named 'Wildung'
US20070089206P1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Bedford David S Apple tree named 'Minneiska'
US20130326770P1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Charles Nystrom Apple tree, 'CN B110'
USPP24210P3 (en) * 2012-02-23 2014-02-04 Washington State University Research Foundation Apple tree named ‘WA 38’
USPP30758P3 (en) 2017-11-07 2019-07-30 Cornell University Apple tree named ‘NY56’
USPP34206P2 (en) 2021-03-22 2022-05-10 Li Imke Gbr Apple tree named ‘SunSpark’
USPP35016P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-03-07 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.257’
USPP35046P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-03-21 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.484’
USPP35202P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-06-06 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.66’

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Hoover, E. et al, "Apples for Minnesota", Minnesota Extension Service Publication AG-FO-1111, 1987, pp. 1-3.
Hoover, E. et al, Apples for Minnesota , Minnesota Extension Service Publication AG FO 1111, 1987, pp. 1 3. *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP11367P (en) * 1997-11-25 2000-04-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Apple tree called `Minnewashta`
US20070089206P1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Bedford David S Apple tree named 'Minneiska'
USPP18812P3 (en) * 2005-10-13 2008-05-13 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Apple tree named ‘Minneiska’
US20070089207P1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-19 Bedford David S Apple tree named 'Wildung'
USPP19446P3 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-11-11 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Apple tree named ‘Wildung’
USPP24210P3 (en) * 2012-02-23 2014-02-04 Washington State University Research Foundation Apple tree named ‘WA 38’
US20130326770P1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Charles Nystrom Apple tree, 'CN B110'
USPP24419P3 (en) * 2012-05-30 2014-05-06 Charles Nystrom Apple tree, ‘CN B110’
USPP30758P3 (en) 2017-11-07 2019-07-30 Cornell University Apple tree named ‘NY56’
USPP34206P2 (en) 2021-03-22 2022-05-10 Li Imke Gbr Apple tree named ‘SunSpark’
USPP35016P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-03-07 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.257’
USPP35046P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-03-21 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.484’
USPP35202P2 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-06-06 Cornell University Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.66’

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