USPP6379P - Geranium plant "Siren" - Google Patents

Geranium plant "Siren" Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USPP6379P
USPP6379P US06/882,069 US88206986V US6379P US PP6379 P USPP6379 P US PP6379P US 88206986 V US88206986 V US 88206986V US 6379 P US6379 P US 6379P
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cultivar
geranium
kaempferol
diglucoside
sup
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/882,069
Inventor
Richard Craig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RESEARCH Corp A NEW YORK NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP
Research Corp
Original Assignee
Research Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Research Corp filed Critical Research Corp
Priority to US06/882,069 priority Critical patent/USPP6379P/en
Assigned to RESEARCH CORPORATION, A NEW YORK NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP. reassignment RESEARCH CORPORATION, A NEW YORK NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CRAIG, RICHARD
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USPP6379P publication Critical patent/USPP6379P/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium ⁇ hortorum called "Siren".
  • the cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production as well as garden performance.
  • the cultivar is characterized as to novelty as having double flowers when compared to the parent geranium cultivar "Bruni”.
  • the cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
  • the cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 and specifically was selected from the self-pollinated progeny of the geranium cultivar "Bruni”. The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
  • test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 62° F. night and 68° F. cloudy days, 75° F. sunny days. Soilless medium was fertilized once per week with 15-15-15 at 275 ppm N. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 150 footcandles and color identification was by reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables.
  • Ribs and veins are--Palmate veins; Ribs suppressed and distinct, Fan 3, green group 143-C (RHSCC).
  • RHSCC green group 143-C
  • Petioles Stalked 6.0-9.0 cm.
  • Blooming habit Medium to small diameter bloom, very double-looking, ball-shaped head, flowers close to foliage.
  • Pedicel 2.0-2.5 cm in length.
  • Peduncle 12.0-14.0 cm long, heavy and strong.
  • Ovaries Green, pubescent; 4- or 5-lobed.
  • the sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH.
  • One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis.
  • the other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis.
  • Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
  • the flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as ⁇ g of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
  • Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined).
  • the chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.

Landscapes

  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a new distinct cultivar of geranium substantially as illustrated and described characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, and possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and double flowers when compared to geranium cultivar "Bruni".

Description

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium×hortorum called "Siren". The cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production as well as garden performance. The cultivar is characterized as to novelty as having double flowers when compared to the parent geranium cultivar "Bruni". The cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
The cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 and specifically was selected from the self-pollinated progeny of the geranium cultivar "Bruni". The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
With reference to the detailed description of the cultivar which follows, the test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 62° F. night and 68° F. cloudy days, 75° F. sunny days. Soilless medium was fertilized once per week with 15-15-15 at 275 ppm N. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 150 footcandles and color identification was by reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
Peak No.
1. Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside
2. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside
3. Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside
4. Peonidin 3,5-diglucoside
5. Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside
FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables.
Peak No.
1. Quercetin 3-rhamnosylgalactoside
2. Quercetin 3-rutinoside
3. Quercetin 3-galactoside
4. Quercetin 3-glucoside
5. Kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside
6. Kaempferol 3-galactoside
7. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside
8. Kaempferol 3-glucoside; Kaempferol 7-glucoside; Quercetin 3-rhamnoside
9. Kaempferol 3-xyloside
10. Kaempferol 3-arabinoside
11. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside
THE PLANT
Classification:
Botanical.--Pelargonium×hortorum.
Tradename.--#719 (80-210-27)="Siren".
Form: Compact, globe, symmetrical.
Height: 25.0-30.0 cm.
Growth: Short internodes, self branching; leaves and stem somewhat small; flowers borne close to foliage.
Strength: Excellent, uniform.
Leaves:
Size.--6.0-11.0 cm.
Shape.--Reniform, variously lobed.
Margin.--Crenate.
Texture.--Pubescent.
Color.--Top: Fan 3, green group 137-B (RHSCC). Bottom: Fan 3, green group 138-B (RHSCC).
Ribs and veins.--Palmate veins; Ribs suppressed and distinct, Fan 3, green group 143-C (RHSCC).
Petioles: Stalked 6.0-9.0 cm.
Stem:
Color.--Fan 3, yellow-green group 144-A (RHSCC).
Internodes.--1.5-2.0 cm.
THE BUD
Shape: Globular.
Size: 1.5 cm diameter.
INFLORESCENCE
Blooming habit: Medium to small diameter bloom, very double-looking, ball-shaped head, flowers close to foliage.
Size: 7.0-10.0 cm. across.
Borne: Heavy, strong peduncle; modified umbel.
Florets:
Form.--Round-cupped, 3.5-5.0 cm -- has double appearance from twisted, irregular petals.
Petals.--12-16.
Size.--1.5-2.0 cm long and 1.0-1.5 cm wide.
Texture and appearance.--Smooth-satiny, dark cherry red. Top: Fan 1, red group -- 43-A (RHSCC). Bottom: Fan 1, red group -- 40-B (RHSCC).
Petaloids:
Quantity.--2-4.
Shape.--Twisted.
Color.--Same as petals.
Pedicel: 2.0-2.5 cm in length.
Peduncle: 12.0-14.0 cm long, heavy and strong.
Persistence: Non-shattering.
Disease resistance: Not evaluated.
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Stamens:
Anthers.--Small, purplish 2.0-3.0 mm.
Filaments.--Flat white, 5.0-7.5 mm long, top red.
Pollen.--Yellow.
Pistils:
Number.--1.
Length.--1.0 cm.
Stigma.--4- or 5-lobed, orange.
Style.--Green; 5 cm.
Ovaries: Green, pubescent; 4- or 5-lobed.
Fruit: None.
BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES
In recent years, biochemical analysis has played an increasing role in plant systematics and taxonomy. In order to further characterize the cultivar, flavonols and anthocyanins were extracted from florets of the cultivar and its parent and subjected to analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Background information supporting the validity of the HPLC technique can be found in an article by Asen & Griesbach ("High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoids in Geranium Florets as an Adjunct for Cultivar Identification", S. Asen and R. Griesbach, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(5):845-850 (1983)), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, the method for performing the analysis was carried out as follows:
Flavonoid extraction.
The sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH. One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis. The other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis. Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
HPLC.
Samples were analyzed on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph equipped with an automatic injection system (Waters Assoc. Wisp 71OA), dual pumps (Waters Assoc. Model 6000A), solvent programmer (Waters Assoc. Model 600), data module (Waters Assoc.), variable wavelength detector (Waters Assoc. Model 480), and a C18 column (25 cm×0.46 cm and 5 μm particle size, Supelco).
Most of the flavonol compounds were separated by a linear gradient of 8% to 23% pump B over 55 min (pump A=1% triethylamine buffered to pH 3.0 with H3 PO4 (TEAP); pump B=CH3 CN) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 340 nm.
The anthocyanins were resolved by a linear gradient of 30% to 50% pump B over 40 min (pump A=1.5% H3 PO4 ; pump B=20% HOAc+25% CH3 CN+55% of 1.5% H3 PO4) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 546 nm utilizing a fixed wavelength detector.
The flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as μg of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
Results
Chromatographic profiles for anthocyanins and flavonols are presented in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively; quantification of these profiles by comparison to standards is presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The anthocyanins petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside were not resolved by the solvent system used. Past research has shown only negligible amounts of petunidin 3,5-diglucoside to be present in geranium florets compared to pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside. In light of this, the peak corresponding to petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside was quantified as pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside.
Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined). The chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.
Other barriers to quantitation of several flavonols existed. Kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 7-glucoside, and quercetin 3-rhamnoside all had the same retention time under these conditions. If these compounds are needed to distinguish between cultivars, they would have to be separated by other solvents or column types. Quercetin 3-xyloside appeared in several of the comparisons, but standards were not available to quantify this compound.
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Anthocyanin concentration in petals of geranium florets                   
μg anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucoside/g fresh wt.                           
Cul-   Delphin- Cya-   Pelar-                                             
tivar  idin     nidin  gonidin                                            
                             Peonidin                                     
                                    Malvidin                              
                                           Total                          
______________________________________                                    
719    --.sup.z 149    1933  1461   43     3586                           
Bruni  --        78    6251  2418   --     7747                           
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z -- = not detected.                                                

              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Flavonol concentration in petals of geranium florets                      
______________________________________                                    
       μg/g fresh wt.                                                  
         Qu3-.sup.z                                                       
                   Qu3-   Qu3-   Qu3- Km3-                                
Cultivar rhagal    rut    gal    glu  rhagal                              
______________________________________                                    
719      t.sup.y   t      t      18    78                                 
Bruni    11        34     --.sup.w                                        
                                 t    307                                 
______________________________________                                    
μg/g fresh wt.                                                         
       Km3-      Km3-    Km3-  Km3-  Km3-                                 
Cultivar                                                                  
       gal       rut     xyl   arab  rha   Total                          
______________________________________                                    
719    178        171    34    117   ND.sup.x                             
                                            611                           
Bruni   47       1257    13     49   185   1908                           
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z Abbreviations:                                                    
 Km = Kaempferol;                                                         
 Qu = Quercetin;                                                          
 arab = arabinoside;                                                      
 gal = galactoside;                                                       
 glu = glucoside;                                                         
 rha = rhamnoside                                                         
 rhagal = rhamnosylgalactoside;                                           
 rut = rutinoside;                                                        
 xyl = xyloside.                                                          
 .sup.y t = trace <10 μg.                                              
 .sup.x ND = not determined.                                              
 .sup.w -- = not detected.

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct cultivar of geranium substantially as illustrated and described characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, and possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and double flowers when compared to the geranium cultivar "Bruni".
US06/882,069 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Siren" Expired - Lifetime USPP6379P (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/882,069 USPP6379P (en) 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Siren"

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/882,069 USPP6379P (en) 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Siren"

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USPP6379P true USPP6379P (en) 1988-11-08

Family

ID=25379827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/882,069 Expired - Lifetime USPP6379P (en) 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Siren"

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) USPP6379P (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9156P (en) * 1994-03-24 1995-06-06 Enthoven Breeding B.V. Geranium plant named Meriking
US20110041198A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2011-02-17 Syngenta Participations Ag Flower pigmentation in pelargonium hortorum

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9156P (en) * 1994-03-24 1995-06-06 Enthoven Breeding B.V. Geranium plant named Meriking
US20110041198A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2011-02-17 Syngenta Participations Ag Flower pigmentation in pelargonium hortorum
US11134634B2 (en) * 2007-11-15 2021-10-05 Syngenta Participations Ag Flower pigmentation in pelargonium hortorum

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Ram et al. Flower colour changes in Lantana camara
USPP6379P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Siren&#34;
USPP6247P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Helen&#34;
USPP6220P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Cassandra&#34;
USPP6219P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Paris&#34;
USPP6218P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Ben Franklin&#34;
USPP6378P (en) Geranium plant &#34;Calypso&#34;
US11134634B2 (en) Flower pigmentation in pelargonium hortorum
USPP6064P (en) Variety of geranium named Victoria
USPP6063P (en) Variety of geranium named Claret
USPP6066P (en) Variety of geranium named Diplomat
Miller et al. Anthocyanin synthesis in Salpiglossis sinuata
USPP6065P (en) Variety of geranium named Valerie
Qureshi et al. Taxonomy of scrophulariaceae from Nara desert, Pakistan
Rohwer Fruit and seed structures in Menodora (Oleaceae): a comparison with Jasminum
USPP7343P (en) Regal Pelargonium `Crystal`
Parks et al. Floral pigmentation studies in the genus Gossypium. IV. Effects of different growing environments on flavonoid pigmentation
USPP5312P (en) Variety of geranium named `Perlenkette`
USPP5314P (en) Variety of geranium named `Jubilaeum`
USPP13187P3 (en) Geranium plant named ‘Fisdidin’
Ledemé et al. Application of colour analysis and chemical fingerprint in identification of carnation cultivars
USPP5315P (en) Variety of geranium named `Palais`
USPP7656P (en) Regal pelargonium `315-(83-48-1)`
USPP12917P2 (en) Geranium plant named ‘Fisrored’
USPP10679P (en) Aster plant named `Parade`

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: RESEARCH CORPORATION, 25 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW Y

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CRAIG, RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:004575/0616

Effective date: 19860625