USPP6247P - Geranium plant "Helen" - Google Patents

Geranium plant "Helen" Download PDF

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USPP6247P
USPP6247P US06/882,129 US88212986V US6247P US PP6247 P USPP6247 P US PP6247P US 88212986 V US88212986 V US 88212986V US 6247 P US6247 P US 6247P
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cultivar
geranium
sup
kaempferol
diglucoside
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US06/882,129
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Richard Craig
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RESEARCH Corp A NEW YORK NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP
Research Corp
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  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium ⁇ hortorum called "Helen”.
  • the cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance.
  • the cultivar's novel characteristics include more fully double flowers, better garden performance and better heat tolerance when compared with "Ivalo”.
  • the cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
  • the cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802 and specifically resulted from selection in the progeny of a cross between geranium cultivars "Bruni" ⁇ "Ivalo". The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
  • test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 62° F. night and 68° F. cloudy days, 75° F. sunny days. Soilless medium was fertilized once per week with 15-15-15 at 275 ppm N. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 150 footcandles and color identification was by reference to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables._______________________________________________Peak No._____________________________________________.1. Quercetin 3-rhamnosylgalactoside2. Quercetin 3-rutinoside3. Quercetin 3-galactoside4. Quercetin 3-glucoside5. Kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside6. Kaempferol 3-galactoside7. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside8. Kaempferol 3-glucoside; Kaempferol 7-glucoside; Quercetin 3-rhamnoside9. Kaempferol 3-xyloside10. Kaempferol 3-arabinoside11. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside_______________________________
  • Ribs and veins are--Palmate veins. Ribs suppressed and distinct. Fan 3, yellow-green group 144-D (RHSCC).
  • Petioles Stalked 5.0-7.0 cm long, medium caliper.
  • Shape Initially ovate.
  • Blooming habit Smaller bloom but more floriferous than typical geranium; flat top; flowers borne close to foliage.
  • Pedicel 2.5-3.0 cm in length.
  • Peduncle 11.0-16.0 cm long; strong.
  • Lasting quality Excellent, 3 weeks or longer.
  • Style.--Green 0.5 cm.
  • Ovaries Green; globe-shaped; 5- or 6-lobed; pubescent.
  • Flavonoid extraction The sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH.
  • One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis.
  • the other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis.
  • Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
  • the flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as ug of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
  • Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined).
  • the chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a new distinct cultivar of geranium, substantially as illustrated and described, characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and having more fully double flowers, better garden performance, and better heat tolerance when compared with geranium cultivar "Ivalo".

Description

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium×hortorum called "Helen". The cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance. The cultivar's novel characteristics include more fully double flowers, better garden performance and better heat tolerance when compared with "Ivalo". The cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
The cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802 and specifically resulted from selection in the progeny of a cross between geranium cultivars "Bruni"×"Ivalo". The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
With reference to the detailed description of the cultivar which follows, the test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 62° F. night and 68° F. cloudy days, 75° F. sunny days. Soilless medium was fertilized once per week with 15-15-15 at 275 ppm N. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 150 footcandles and color identification was by reference to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
______________________________________                                    
Peak No.                                                                  
______________________________________                                    
        1.  Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside                                   
        2.  Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside                                      
        3.  Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside                                  
        4.  Peonidin 3,5-diglucoside                                      
        5.  Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside                                      
______________________________________
FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables.______________________________________Peak No.______________________________________1. Quercetin 3-rhamnosylgalactoside2. Quercetin 3-rutinoside3. Quercetin 3-galactoside4. Quercetin 3-glucoside5. Kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside6. Kaempferol 3-galactoside7. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside8. Kaempferol 3-glucoside; Kaempferol 7-glucoside; Quercetin 3-rhamnoside9. Kaempferol 3-xyloside10. Kaempferol 3-arabinoside11. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside______________________________________
THE PLANT
Classification:
Botanical.--Pelargonium×hortorum.
Tradename.--#714 (80-220-1)="Helen".
Form: Compact, globe.
Height: 21.0-25.0 cm.
Growth: Short internodes, self branching; medium-size stem (diameter); flowers borne close to foliage.
Leaves:
Size.--6.0-9.0 cm across.
Shape.--Reniform, variously lobed.
Margin.--Crenate.
Texture.--Pubescent.
Color.--Fan 3, green group, 137-C (RHSCC) Top; 138-B (RHSCC) Bottom.
Ribs and veins.--Palmate veins. Ribs suppressed and distinct. Fan 3, yellow-green group 144-D (RHSCC).
Petioles: Stalked 5.0-7.0 cm long, medium caliper.
Stem: Medium caliper.
Color.--Fan 3, green group 143-C (RHSCC).
Internodes: 1.5-2.0 cm.
THE BUD
Shape: Initially ovate.
Size: 1.5 cm diameter.
INFLORESCENCE
Blooming habit: Smaller bloom but more floriferous than typical geranium; flat top; flowers borne close to foliage.
Size: 8.0-12.0 cm across.
Borne: Heavy, strong peduncle; modified umbel.
Florets:
Form.--Round, irregular; cupped; 3.5-4.5 cm; semi-double; overall clear pink with ruby-red blotch on petals.
Petals.--11-14.
Size.--2.0-2.5 cm long and 1.0-2.0 cm wide.
Texture and appearance.--Smooth; dull color. Base: Pure white to red-purple, Fan 2, red-purple group 62-B (RHSCC). Mid-veins and blotch: Fan 2, red-purple group 57-A (RHSCC). Top: Fan 2, red-purple group 61-D (RHSCC). Reverse: Fan 2, red-purple group 62-B (RHSCC).
Petaloids:
Quantity.--4-6.
Shape.--1.5-2.5 cm long; narrow and twisted.
Color.--Same as petals.
Pedicel: 2.5-3.0 cm in length.
Peduncle: 11.0-16.0 cm long; strong.
Persistence: Non-shattering; will hold 3-4 weeks.
Disease resistance: Not evaluated.
Lasting quality: Excellent, 3 weeks or longer.
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Stamens: 3-4.
Anthers.--Small, brown 2.0-3.0 mm.
Filaments.--Flat white, 1.0 cm long; tips tinted rose-purple; small twisted petaloids attached.
Pollen.--Straw-colored (mature).
Pistils:
Number.--1.
Length.--0.75-1.0 cm.
Stigma.--5- or 6-lobed; rose-colored.
Style.--Green; 0.5 cm.
Ovaries: Green; globe-shaped; 5- or 6-lobed; pubescent.
Fruit: None.
BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES
In recent years, biochemical analysis has played an increasing role in plant systematics and taxonomy. In order to further characterize the cultivar, flavonols and anthocyanins were extracted from florets of the cultivar and its parents and subjected to analysis by high pressure liquid chomatography (HPLC). Background information supporting the validity of the HPLC technique can be found in an article by Asen & Griesbach ("High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoids in Geranium Florets as an Adjunct for Cultivar Identification", S. Asen and R. Griesbach, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(5):845-850 (1983)), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, the method for performing the analysis was carried out as follows:
Flavonoid extraction. The sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH. One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis. The other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis. Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
HPLC. Samples were analyzed on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph equipped with an automatic injection system (Waters Assoc. Wisp 71OA), dual pumps (Waters Assoc. Model 6000A), solvent programmer (Waters Assoc. Model 600), data module (Waters Assoc.), variable wavelength detector (Waters Assoc. Model 480), and a C18 column (25 cm×0.46 cm and 5 μm particle size, Supelco).
Most of the flavonol compounds were separated by a linear gradient of 8% to 23% pump B over 55 min (pump A=1% triethylamine buffered to pH 3.0 with H3 PO4 (TEAP); pump B=CH3 CN) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 340 nm.
The anthocyanins were resolved by a linear gradient of 30% to 50% pump B over 40 min (pump A=1.5% H3 PO4 ; pump B=20% HOAc+25% CH3 CN+55% of 1.5% H3 PO4) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 546 nm utilizing a fixed wavelength detector.
The flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as ug of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
RESULTS
Chromatographic profiles for anthocyanins and flavonols are presented in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively; quantification of these profiles by comparison to standards is presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The anthocyanins petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside were not resolved by the solvent system used. Past research has shown only negligible amounts of petunidin 3,5-diglucoside to be present in geranium florets compared to pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside. In light of this, the peak corresponding to petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside was quantified as pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside.
Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined). The chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.
Barriers to quantitation of several flavonols existed. Kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 7-glucoside, and quercetin 3-rhamnoside all had the same retention time under these conditions. If these compounds are needed to distinguish between cultivars, they would have to be separated by other solvents or column types. Quercetin 3-xyloside appeared in several of the comparisons, but standards were not available to quantify this compound.
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Anthocyanin concentration in petals of geranium florets                   
μg anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucoside/g fresh wt.                           
       Delph-  Cyan-   Pelar-                                             
Cultivar                                                                  
       inidin  idin    gonidin                                            
                             Peonidin                                     
                                    Malvidin                              
                                           Total                          
______________________________________                                    
714    --.sup.z                                                           
               23      t.sup.y                                            
                             422    t      455                            
Bruni  --.sup. 78      5251  2418   --     7747                           
Ivalo  t       42      t.sup.                                             
                             351    t      408                            
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z -- = not detected                                                 
 .sup.y t = trace < 10 μg                                              

              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Flavonol concentration in petals of geranium florets                      
______________________________________                                    
μg/g fresh wt.                                                         
        Qu3-.sup.z                                                        
                Qu3-     Qu3- Qu3-   Km3-  Km3-                           
Cultivar                                                                  
        rhagal  rut      gal  glu    rhagal                               
                                           gal                            
______________________________________                                    
714     22      51       t.sup.y                                          
                              t      189   11                             
Bruni   11      34       --.sup.w                                         
                              t      307   47                             
Ivalo   11      32       t.sup.                                           
                              t      132   t                              
______________________________________                                    
μg/g fresh wt.                                                         
       Km3-      Km3-    Km3-    Km3-                                     
Cultivar                                                                  
       rut       xyl     arab    rha   Total                              
______________________________________                                    
714    617       21      22      126   1069                               
Bruni  1257      13      49      185   1908                               
Ivalo  470       t       10      114    789                               
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z Abbreviations: Km = Kaempferol; Qu = Quercetin; arab = arabinoside
 gal = galactoside; glu = glucoside; rha = rhamnoside; rhagal =           
 rhamnosylgalactoside; rut = rutinoside; xyl = xyloside.                  
 .sup.y t = trace < 10 μg.                                             
 .sup.w -- = not detected.

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct cultivar of geranium, substantially as illustrated and described, characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and having more fully double flowers, better garden performance, and better heat tolerance when compared with geranium cultivar "Ivalo".
US06/882,129 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Helen" Expired - Lifetime USPP6247P (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9488P (en) * 1995-02-06 1996-03-26 Gerd Endisch Geranium plant named Lorca

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9488P (en) * 1995-02-06 1996-03-26 Gerd Endisch Geranium plant named Lorca

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Owner name: RESEARCH CORPORATION, 25 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW Y

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CRAIG, RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:004575/0624

Effective date: 19860625