USPP6218P - Geranium plant "Ben Franklin" - Google Patents

Geranium plant "Ben Franklin" Download PDF

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USPP6218P
USPP6218P US06/882,068 US88206886V US6218P US PP6218 P USPP6218 P US PP6218P US 88206886 V US88206886 V US 88206886V US 6218 P US6218 P US 6218P
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geranium
cultivar
color
rhscc
kaempferol
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US06/882,068
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Richard Craig
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RESEARCH Corp A NEW YORK NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP
Research Corp
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  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium ⁇ hortorum called "Ben Franklin".
  • the cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance.
  • the cultivar is characterized as to novelty as having foliage characteristics similar to geranium cultivar "Wilhelm Langguth”, having flowering ability similar to geranium cultivar "Snowmass” but possessing flower color different from either of those cultivars.
  • the cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
  • the cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802 and specifically resulted from selection in the progeny of the cross between geranium selection "Wilhelm Langguth” and "Snowmass”. The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables.
  • test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 60° F. night. Soilless medium was fertilized constantly 300 ppm N-K. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 220 footcandles and color identification was by reference to the Royal Horticulture Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
  • Petioles Fan 3, yellow-green group 146-B (RHSCC).
  • Shape Upright, irregular cluster.
  • Blooming habit Continuous, upright, double, non-shattering, hemispherical.
  • Peduncle Arises from node; opposed to leaf petiole; 12.0-13.0 cm in length.
  • Lasting quality Good up to three weeks.
  • Style.--1 style 2.0-3.0 mm long, reddish-purple in color.
  • Ovaries Length 0.2-0.3 mm; light green, 5-6 lobes, pubescent.
  • Flavonoid extraction The sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH.
  • One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis.
  • the other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis.
  • Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
  • the flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as ⁇ g of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 Chromatographic profiles for anthocyanins and flavonols are present in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively; quantification of these profiles by comparison to standards is presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined).
  • the chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a new distinct cultivar of geranium, substantially as illustrated and described, characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, and possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and a unique flower color when compared to geranium cultivars "Wilhelm Langguth" and "Snowmass".

Description

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of geranium Pelargonium×hortorum called "Ben Franklin". The cultivar is particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance. The cultivar is characterized as to novelty as having foliage characteristics similar to geranium cultivar "Wilhelm Langguth", having flowering ability similar to geranium cultivar "Snowmass" but possessing flower color different from either of those cultivars. The cultivar is further characterized by unique biochemical fingerprint profiles.
The cultivar was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program carried out at the Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802 and specifically resulted from selection in the progeny of the cross between geranium selection "Wilhelm Langguth" and "Snowmass". The selection was asexually propagated by cuttings and the reproductions ran true.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 illustrates in color the cultivar including foliage and flowers.
FIG. 2 illustrates the anthocyanin profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables. Analyses included a single peak that represented both pelargonidin and petunidin 3,5-diglucosides. Corrections were made in accompanying tables.
Peak No.
1. Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside
2. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside
3. Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside
4. Peonidin 3,5-diglucoside
5. Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside
FIG. 3 illustrates the flavonol profile obtained from HPLC. Quantitative values are found in the tables.
Peak No.
1. Quercetin 3-rhamnosylgalactoside
2. Quercetin 3-rutinoside
3. Quercetin 3-galactoside
4. Quercetin 3-glucoside
5. Kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside
6. Kaempferol 3-galactoside
7. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside
8. Kaempferol 3-glucoside; Kaempferol 7-glucoside; Quercetin 3-rhamnoside
9. Kaempferol 3-xyloside
10. Kaempferol 3-arabinoside
11. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside
With reference to the detailed description of the cultivar which follows, the test plant was grown in full sun under glass, 60° F. night. Soilless medium was fertilized constantly 300 ppm N-K. Color readings were taken under cool white fluorescent lamps at 220 footcandles and color identification was by reference to the Royal Horticulture Society Colour Charts except where common terms of color definition are employed.
THE PLANT
Classification:
Botanical.--Pelargonium×hortorum.
Tradename.--#734 (78-62-5)="Ben Franklin".
Form: Semi-dwarf; basal branching; comparatively compact growth habit; more compact than Wilhelm Langguth.
Height: 20.0-22.0 cm.
Growth: Short internodes.
Strength: Stands upright, without artificial support.
Foliage: Variegated -- green with white.
Leaves:
Size.--4.0-9.0 cm.
Shape.--Reniform, variously lobed.
Margin.--Crenate.
Texture.--Pubescent, dull; veins recessed and obvious.
Color.--Outer margin: Irregular, Fan 4, white group 155-A (RHSCC). Inner margin: Irregular, Fan 4, gray-green group 194-C (RHSCC). Center: Irregular, Fan 3, yellow-green group 147-B (RHSCC).
Ribs and veins.--Palmate.
Petioles: Fan 3, yellow-green group 146-B (RHSCC).
Stem:
Color.--Fan 3, yellow-green group 146-A (RHSCC).
Internodes.--1.0-2.0 cm.
Stipules.--Fan 4, white group 155-A (RHSCC) with center stripe(s) Fan 3, yellow-green group 144-A (RHSCC).
THE BUD
Shape: Upright, irregular cluster.
Size: 2.0-3.0 cm across.
INFLORESCENCE
Blooming habit: Continuous, upright, double, non-shattering, hemispherical.
Size: 7.0-9.9 cm.
Borne: Umbel; florets on pedicel; pedicels on peduncle.
Florets:
Forms.--Petals irregular, slight twisting of inner petal, flat, full double.
Color.--Top of petal: Overall color: Fan 1, red group 52-B (RHSCC). Throat vein color - Fan 1, red group 41-B (RHSCC). Bottom of petal: Overall color: Quite variable, Fan 1, red group, 39-D (RHSCC). Veins: Fan 1, red group 43-D (RHSCC).
Petals.--9-14 in number (including petaloids).
Size.--3.0-4.0 cm.
Texture and appearance.--Double, irregular, flat, dull.
Petaloids:
Quantity.--Cannot distinguish from petals.
Shape.--Cannot distinguish from petals.
Color.--Cannot distinguish from petals.
Pedicel:
Length.--2.0-2.5 cm in length.
Color.--Fan 3, yellow-green group 144-A (RHSCC).
Peduncle: Arises from node; opposed to leaf petiole; 12.0-13.0 cm in length.
Persistence: Persistent, non-shattering.
Disease resistance: Not known.
Lasting quality: Good up to three weeks.
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Stamens: 3-5.
Anthers.--Small, weak, brown in color.
Filaments.--Flat, ribbon-like; 0.3-0.5 cm in length. White, tipped pink.
Pollen.--Rust-colored.
Pistils:
Number.--1 with 5- or 6-parted stigma.
Length.--0.5-0.6 cm.
Stigma.--5- or 6-parted reddish-purple, reflexed.
Style.--1 style: 2.0-3.0 mm long, reddish-purple in color.
Ovaries: Length 0.2-0.3 mm; light green, 5-6 lobes, pubescent.
Fruit: None.
BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES
In recent years, biochemical analysis has played an increasing role in plant systematics and taxonomy. In order to further characterize the cultivar, flavonols and anthocyanins were extracted from the florets and subjected to analysis by high pressure liquid chomatography (HPLC). Background information supporting the validity of the HPLC technique can be found in an article by Asen & Griesbach ("High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoids in Geranium Florets as an Adjunct for Cultivar Identification", S. Asen and R. Griesbach, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(5):845-850 (1983)), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, the method for performing the analysis was carried out as follows:
Flavonoid extraction. The sample size for flavonoid identification consisted of the petals from six florets just after anthesis. Three different samples were collected from each cultivar and handled separately for analysis. The petals were weighed, ground in 20 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH with a mortar and pestle, filtered through one layer of Whatman #1 filter paper, and washed with 1% HCl-MeOH. The volume was adjusted to 90 ml and 2-15 ml aliquots were removed for the analysis and handled separately. Each aliquot was taken to dryness at 40° C. in vacuo. All traces of HCl were removed by azeotropic distillation with MeOH. One of the dried extracts was reconstituted in 2 ml of 1% HCl-MeOH and was used for anthocyanin analysis. The other was reconstituted in 2 ml of MeOH and was used for flavonol analysis. Each sample was stored at -34° C. until analyzed.
HPLC. Samples were analyzed on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph equipped with an automatic injection system (Waters Assoc. Wisp 710A), dual pumps (Waters Assoc. Model 6000A), solvent programmer (Waters Assoc. Model 600), data module (Waters Assoc.), variable wavelength detector (Waters Assoc. Model 480), and a C18 column (25 cm×0.46 cm and 5 μm particle size, Supelco).
Most of the flavonol compounds were separated by a linear gradient of 8% to 23% pump B over 55 min (pump A=1% triethylamine buffered to pH 3.0 with H3 PO4 (TEAP); pump B=CH3 CN) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 340 nm.
The anthocyanins were resolved by a linear gradient of 30% to 50% pump B over 40 min (pump A=1.5% H3 PO4 ; pump B=20% HOAc+25% CN3 CH+55% of 1.5% H3 PO4) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a chart speed of 0.5 cm/min. Detection was at 546 nm utilizing a fixed wavelength detector.
The flavonoids were quantified by injecting standards and comparing their peak areas with those from the plant samples. The results are expressed as μg of flavonoid/g fresh weight of plant material.
RESULTS
Chromatographic profiles for anthocyanins and flavonols are present in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively; quantification of these profiles by comparison to standards is presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
The anthocyanins petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside were not resolved by the solvent system used. Past research has shown only negligible amounts of petunidin 3,5-diglucoside to be present in geranium florets compared to pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside. In light of this, the peak corresponding to petunidin and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside was quantified as pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside.
Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside could not be quantitated for several cultivars and is designated as ND (not determined). The chromatograms showed a small, wide peak in the region of elution for this compound. If a substantial amount of this compound were present, a distinct peak appeared but minute quantities, if present, were masked.
Other barriers to quantitation of several flavonols existed. Kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 7-glucoside, and quercetin 3-rhamnoside all had the same retention time under these conditions. If these compounds are needed to distinguish between cultivars, they would have to be separated by other solvents or column types. Quercetin 3-xyloside appeared in several of the comparisons, but standards were not available to quantify this compound.
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Anthocyanin concentration in petals of geranium florets                   
μg anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucoside/g fresh wt.                           
       Del-              Pelar-       Mal-                                
Cultivar                                                                  
       phinidin Cyanidin gonidin                                          
                               Peonidin                                   
                                      vidin                               
                                           Total                          
______________________________________                                    
734    --.sup.z 21       633   505    t.sup.Y                             
                                           1164                           
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z -- = not detected.                                                
 .sup.y t = trace < 10 μg.                                             

              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Flavonol concentration in petals of geranium florets                      
______________________________________                                    
μg/g fresh wt.                                                         
       Qu3-.sup.z                                                         
               Qu3-   Qu3- Qu3-  Km3-  Km3-  Km3-                         
Cultivar                                                                  
       rhagal  rut    gal  glu   rhagal                                   
                                       gal   rut                          
______________________________________                                    
734    t.sup.y t      t    15    36    25    100                          
______________________________________                                    
               μg/g fresh wt.                                          
                 Km3-    Km3-    Km3-                                     
          Cultivar                                                        
                 xyl     arab    rha   Total                              
______________________________________                                    
          734    --.sup.w                                                 
                         --      --    191                                
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.z Abbreviations: Km = Kaempferol; Qu = Quercetin; arab = arabinoside
 gal = galactoside; glu = glucoside; rha = rhamnoside; rhagal =           
 rhamnosylgalactoside; rut = rutinoside; xyl = xyloside.                  
 .sup.y t = trace < 10 μg.                                             
 .sup.w -- = not detected.

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:
1. A new distinct cultivar of geranium substantially as illustrated and described, characterized as being particularly well adapted to both commercial greenhouse production and garden performance, and possessing unique flavonol and anthocyanin profiles and a unique flower color when compared to geranium cultivars "Wilhelm Langguth" and "Snowmass".
US06/882,068 1986-07-03 1986-07-03 Geranium plant "Ben Franklin" Expired - Lifetime USPP6218P (en)

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Owner name: RESEARCH CORPORATION, 25 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW Y

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CRAIG, RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:004575/0727

Effective date: 19860625