USPP6169P - Botryococcus braunii var. Showa - Google Patents
Botryococcus braunii var. Showa Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP6169P USPP6169P US06/852,048 US85204886V US6169P US PP6169 P USPP6169 P US PP6169P US 85204886 V US85204886 V US 85204886V US 6169 P US6169 P US 6169P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- variety
- colonies
- showa
- botryococcus braunii
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241001536303 Botryococcus braunii Species 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000927168 Botryococcus braunii Showa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YIERDWVPDSIPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N botryococcene Natural products CC(=C)C(C)CCC(C)=CCCC(C)C=CC(C)(CCC=C(C)CCC(C)C(C)=C)C=C YIERDWVPDSIPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 botryococcene hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRFKZRGEWFCPGV-KWNNYQEVSA-N (3s,7s,10s,11e,13r,16s,20s)-10-ethenyl-2,3,7,10,13,16,20,21-octamethyl-6,17-dimethylidenedocosa-1,11,21-triene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H](C)CCC(=C)[C@@H](C)CC[C@@H](C)\C=C\[C@@](C)(CC[C@H](C)C(=C)CC[C@H](C)C(C)=C)C=C RRFKZRGEWFCPGV-KWNNYQEVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195627 Chlamydomonadales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003887 H3 BO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004861 K2 HPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007993 MOPS buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004993 binary fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021953 cytokinesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Definitions
- the present invention is a new and distinct variety of alga of the Botryococcus braunii species designated by the varietal name "Showa.” This new variety belongs to the Division Chlorophyta, Order Chlorococcales, and is maintained at the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720. A dried type specimen is available from the herbarium at the University of California, having accession UC147504.
- Floating orange colonies were collected from the lily pond culture water. Without washing, the colonies were diluted in an equal volume of sterile enriched culture medium. An aliquot of the algal culture was placed in a small sterile petri dish from which single colonies were selected by micropipette. Orange colonies were selected by means of an inverted microscope at low-power magnification (40 ⁇ ). Selected colonies were placed in the previously prepared test tubes containing enrichment medium. Single colony selection was confirmed by viewing the test tube through a dissecting microscope.
- test tubes were placed in plastic bags which were deflated and then filled with 50% carbon dioxide:50% nitrogen gas.
- the cultures were placed under 150 ⁇ E/m -2 s -1 cool-white fluorescent illumination at 30° C. Cultures were continuously illuminated. When numerous colonies were observed in the tubes, additional medium was added. Within two weeks, cultures that were contaminated were removed. Approximately 200 unialgal cultures resulted from the 2000 single colony cultures that were started originally. One culture that was tested contained high levels of botryococcenes. This culture was named the Showa variety.
- the standard defined growth medium contained the following components (mg/1 H 2 O): Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O (26.5), MgSO 4 .7H 2 O (25), K 2 HPO 4 (10), H 3 BO 3 (0.6), MOPS buffer (3.14), Na 2 EDTA (7.7), ZnCl 2 (0.624), CuCl 2 .2H 2 O (0.268), NaMoO 4 .2H 2 O (0.252), CoCl 2 .6H 2 O (0.420), FeCl 3 .6H 2 O (2.5), and MnCl 2 .4H 2 O (0.360).
- the nitrogen-supplemented medium (3N) contained three times the standard amount of combined nitrogen, while the media deficient in nitrogen (1/10-N) and phosphate (1/10-P) contained one-tenth the standard concentration of these components. Additional nitrate in the 3N medium was provided as KNO 3 , whereas the Ca +2 deleted in the 1/10-N medium was compensated for via the addition of CaCl 2 . The pH of these media was adjusted to 6.5 with KOH before autoclaving.
- the variety of the present invention is capable of rapid growth, with a mass doubling time of 40 hours or less under optimum conditions, resulting in a botryococcene yield equal to approximately 30% of the dry weight of the biomass.
- the variety also secretes or sheds the botryococcenes from the colonial matrix, the variety is suited for the production of botryococcene hydrocarbons by continuous culture without the need to destroy the alga for hydrocarbon recovery.
- the botryococcenes are useful as a starting material for a number of hydrocarbon based products, such as fuels and petrochemicals.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of the Showa variety of Botryococcus braunii consisting of an aggregate of two generally spherical colonies shown at 500 ⁇ magnification.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of a single generally spherical colony of the variety of the present invention taken with bright field optics showing the true colors.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of a single generally spherical colony of the variety of the present invention taken with phase contrast optics showing oil droplets secreted by the alga.
- FIG. 4 is a GLC chromatogram of the botryococcene produced by the variety of the present invention, revealing a unique peak.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are line drawings of the variety of the present invention.
- Colonies of the Showa variety of Botryococcus braunii are various hues of green, yellow, orange or brown depending on the light regime or the physiological state of the culture. All color designations are made with reference to the Munsell Book of Color. Normal healthy colonies are 2.5 Y 7/8 on the Munsell color chart. The colonies float at the surface of still cultures. They are indefinite in shape, range from 25 to 600 ⁇ m and consist of one to several irregular to spherical aggregates of cells. The colonies of cells are held together by a matrix that is rich in hydrocarbons. Rapidly growing colonies are peanut-shaped, being composed of two approximately spherical subunits. In slow-growing colonies in old cultures, multiple-colony aggregates of irregular shape are common.
- Cells composing the colonies are 10-30 ⁇ m long and are ovoid, cuneate, pyriform or irregular in shape. They are individually embedded in matrix cups that comprise cell wall components and layers of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon deposits are components and layers of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon deposits are present intracellularly, in the matrix and on the surface of the colonies.
- the cell wall is thick, composed of an inner polysaccharide layer and a thin outer trilamellar structure.
- Cells contain a nucleus, one anteriorly located dictyosome and a cup-shaped chloroplast with a basal pyrenoid. No unusual organelles are present.
- Deposits of hydrocarbon 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m in diameter are present in the cytoplasm and in the wall and matrix. Binary fission is the only form of reproduction. A new matrix cup is formed around each cell following cytokinesis. Fragmentation causes propagation of the colonies.
- Colonies grow in nutrient-enriched fresh to slightly brackish water under continuous or periodic (e.g., 16:8 h LD) light. They are tolerant of high light intensities (e.g., 150-250 ⁇ E/m -2 s -1 ).
- the new variety differs from typical Botryococcus braunii (e.g., the isolates available from the Cambridge Culture Collection) in colony structure and biochemistry. Colonies in typical B. braunii are more or less flat and composed of cells that are arranged radiately in a single layer towards the periphery, whereas, those of the new variety are globular with cells arranged in multiple layers.
- the new variety produces more botryococcene hydrocarbons (30% or more of dry weight) than the typical B. braunii (1.5 to 20%).
- the hydrocarbons produced by the new variety are distinctive, showing the C 32 H 54 compound with a terminal C 6 ring in the last peak of the gas liquid chromatograph shown in FIG. 4. Physiologically, the new variety is distinguished from other strains by its rapid metabolism of nutrient carbon into hydrocarbons during active growth.
- defined growth medium for the strains of the present invention will usually include the following components in water.
- the pH will be adjusted to the range from 6.5 to 7.5, usually about 7.0, by the addition of acid or base.
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii var. showa is chemotaxonomically distinct from previously cultured strains of the species in quality and quantity of hydrocarbons produced in vitro. Morphological and cultural differences distinguish this variety from other cultured strains of Botryococcus braunii. In particular, the variety is characterized by the ability to produce and secrete large amounts of botryococcenes during all phases of its growth cycle.
Description
The present invention is a new and distinct variety of alga of the Botryococcus braunii species designated by the varietal name "Showa." This new variety belongs to the Division Chlorophyta, Order Chlorococcales, and is maintained at the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720. A dried type specimen is available from the herbarium at the University of California, having accession UC147504.
The variety was originally isolated in June, 1980 from lily-culturing tanks located in a greenhouse located on the fifth floor of the Life Sciences Building of the University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 94720, by the following method. Whole soil water extract (Stein (Ed.) 1973, Handbook of Phycological Methods, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, p. 448) was steam sterilized and then buffered to pH 7 with phosphate. The soil extract was supplemented with Provasoli's Enrichment Medium (Stein, supra.) at one-fourth normal strength and with an equal volume of 1 μm sterile filtered lily-culture water. Two thousand sterile disposable test tubes (12×75 mm) with friction fit plastic caps were each filled with 1.5 ml of the medium.
Floating orange colonies were collected from the lily pond culture water. Without washing, the colonies were diluted in an equal volume of sterile enriched culture medium. An aliquot of the algal culture was placed in a small sterile petri dish from which single colonies were selected by micropipette. Orange colonies were selected by means of an inverted microscope at low-power magnification (40×). Selected colonies were placed in the previously prepared test tubes containing enrichment medium. Single colony selection was confirmed by viewing the test tube through a dissecting microscope.
The test tubes were placed in plastic bags which were deflated and then filled with 50% carbon dioxide:50% nitrogen gas. The cultures were placed under 150 μE/m-2 s-1 cool-white fluorescent illumination at 30° C. Cultures were continuously illuminated. When numerous colonies were observed in the tubes, additional medium was added. Within two weeks, cultures that were contaminated were removed. Approximately 200 unialgal cultures resulted from the 2000 single colony cultures that were started originally. One culture that was tested contained high levels of botryococcenes. This culture was named the Showa variety.
Maintenance cultures of the Showa variety were asexually reproduced by growth in semi-continuous culture at 22°-24° in 2.8 L Fernbach flasks continuously bubbled with air and illuminated with cool-white fluorescent tubes (125 μE/m-2 s-1) on a 16:8 LD cycle. The standard defined growth medium contained the following components (mg/1 H2 O): Ca(NO3)2.4H2 O (26.5), MgSO4.7H2 O (25), K2 HPO4 (10), H3 BO3 (0.6), MOPS buffer (3.14), Na2 EDTA (7.7), ZnCl2 (0.624), CuCl2.2H2 O (0.268), NaMoO4.2H2 O (0.252), CoCl2.6H2 O (0.420), FeCl3.6H2 O (2.5), and MnCl2.4H2 O (0.360). The nitrogen-supplemented medium (3N) contained three times the standard amount of combined nitrogen, while the media deficient in nitrogen (1/10-N) and phosphate (1/10-P) contained one-tenth the standard concentration of these components. Additional nitrate in the 3N medium was provided as KNO3, whereas the Ca+2 deleted in the 1/10-N medium was compensated for via the addition of CaCl2. The pH of these media was adjusted to 6.5 with KOH before autoclaving.
The variety of the present invention is characterized by a high yield of particular branched hydrocarbons (Cn H2n-10, n=30-37) referred to as botryococcenes. In contrast to previously identified varieties, the variety of the present invention is capable of rapid growth, with a mass doubling time of 40 hours or less under optimum conditions, resulting in a botryococcene yield equal to approximately 30% of the dry weight of the biomass. As the variety also secretes or sheds the botryococcenes from the colonial matrix, the variety is suited for the production of botryococcene hydrocarbons by continuous culture without the need to destroy the alga for hydrocarbon recovery. The botryococcenes are useful as a starting material for a number of hydrocarbon based products, such as fuels and petrochemicals.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the Showa variety of Botryococcus braunii consisting of an aggregate of two generally spherical colonies shown at 500× magnification.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a single generally spherical colony of the variety of the present invention taken with bright field optics showing the true colors.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a single generally spherical colony of the variety of the present invention taken with phase contrast optics showing oil droplets secreted by the alga.
FIG. 4 is a GLC chromatogram of the botryococcene produced by the variety of the present invention, revealing a unique peak.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are line drawings of the variety of the present invention.
Colonies of the Showa variety of Botryococcus braunii are various hues of green, yellow, orange or brown depending on the light regime or the physiological state of the culture. All color designations are made with reference to the Munsell Book of Color. Normal healthy colonies are 2.5 Y 7/8 on the Munsell color chart. The colonies float at the surface of still cultures. They are indefinite in shape, range from 25 to 600 μm and consist of one to several irregular to spherical aggregates of cells. The colonies of cells are held together by a matrix that is rich in hydrocarbons. Rapidly growing colonies are peanut-shaped, being composed of two approximately spherical subunits. In slow-growing colonies in old cultures, multiple-colony aggregates of irregular shape are common.
Cells composing the colonies are 10-30 μm long and are ovoid, cuneate, pyriform or irregular in shape. They are individually embedded in matrix cups that comprise cell wall components and layers of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon deposits are components and layers of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon deposits are present intracellularly, in the matrix and on the surface of the colonies. The cell wall is thick, composed of an inner polysaccharide layer and a thin outer trilamellar structure. Cells contain a nucleus, one anteriorly located dictyosome and a cup-shaped chloroplast with a basal pyrenoid. No unusual organelles are present. Deposits of hydrocarbon 0.5 to 2.0 μm in diameter are present in the cytoplasm and in the wall and matrix. Binary fission is the only form of reproduction. A new matrix cup is formed around each cell following cytokinesis. Fragmentation causes propagation of the colonies.
Colonies grow in nutrient-enriched fresh to slightly brackish water under continuous or periodic (e.g., 16:8 h LD) light. They are tolerant of high light intensities (e.g., 150-250 μE/m-2 s-1).
The new variety differs from typical Botryococcus braunii (e.g., the isolates available from the Cambridge Culture Collection) in colony structure and biochemistry. Colonies in typical B. braunii are more or less flat and composed of cells that are arranged radiately in a single layer towards the periphery, whereas, those of the new variety are globular with cells arranged in multiple layers. The new variety produces more botryococcene hydrocarbons (30% or more of dry weight) than the typical B. braunii (1.5 to 20%). The hydrocarbons produced by the new variety are distinctive, showing the C32 H54 compound with a terminal C6 ring in the last peak of the gas liquid chromatograph shown in FIG. 4. Physiologically, the new variety is distinguished from other strains by its rapid metabolism of nutrient carbon into hydrocarbons during active growth.
Defined growth medium for the strains of the present invention will usually include the following components in water. The pH will be adjusted to the range from 6.5 to 7.5, usually about 7.0, by the addition of acid or base.
______________________________________
Growth Medium
Component Concentration
______________________________________
Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.4H.sub.2 O
50-250 mg/L
NH.sub.4 Cl or NH.sub.4 HCO.sub.3
10-150 mg/L
MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O
10-100 mg/L
K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 or KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4
0-50 mg/L
H.sub.3 BO.sub.3 0-1 mg/L
Na.sub.2 EDTA 0-25 mg/L
ZnCl.sub.2 0-10 μg/L
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O
0-10 mg/L
NaMoO.sub.4 .2H.sub.2 O
0-10 μg/L
CoCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O
0-10 μg/L
FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O
0-10 mg/L
MnCl.sub.2.4H.sub.2 O
0-10 μg/L
CuCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O
0-10 μg/L
______________________________________
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of algal plant having the characteristics described and illustrated herein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/852,048 USPP6169P (en) | 1986-04-15 | 1986-04-15 | Botryococcus braunii var. Showa |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/852,048 USPP6169P (en) | 1986-04-15 | 1986-04-15 | Botryococcus braunii var. Showa |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP6169P true USPP6169P (en) | 1988-05-03 |
Family
ID=25312381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/852,048 Expired - Lifetime USPP6169P (en) | 1986-04-15 | 1986-04-15 | Botryococcus braunii var. Showa |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP6169P (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5843762A (en) * | 1995-03-02 | 1998-12-01 | Desert Energy Research, Inc. | Method for the high yield, agricultural production of enteromorpha clathrata |
| US20060252138A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Nonomura Arthur M | Methods and compositions for growth of hydrocarbons in Botryococcus sp |
| WO2012056187A2 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Fermentalg | Novel strains of microalgae of the botryococcus genus, and method for cultivating said microalgae in a mixotrophic mode |
| WO2013136026A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Fermentalg | Production of capric acid in mixotrophic mode using botryococcus |
-
1986
- 1986-04-15 US US06/852,048 patent/USPP6169P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5843762A (en) * | 1995-03-02 | 1998-12-01 | Desert Energy Research, Inc. | Method for the high yield, agricultural production of enteromorpha clathrata |
| US20060252138A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Nonomura Arthur M | Methods and compositions for growth of hydrocarbons in Botryococcus sp |
| USPP21091P3 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2010-06-22 | Nonomura Arthur M | Botryococcus algae plant named ‘Ninsei’ |
| US7923228B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2011-04-12 | Nonomura Arthur M | Methods and compositions for growth of hydrocarbons in Botryococcus sp |
| US20110201094A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2011-08-18 | Nonomura Arthur M | Methods And Compositions For Growth Of Hydrocarbons In Botryococcus sp. |
| WO2012056187A2 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Fermentalg | Novel strains of microalgae of the botryococcus genus, and method for cultivating said microalgae in a mixotrophic mode |
| WO2013136026A1 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Fermentalg | Production of capric acid in mixotrophic mode using botryococcus |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THE, 2199 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NONOMURA, ARTHUR M.;REEL/FRAME:004552/0886 Effective date: 19860409 Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THE,, CALI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NONOMURA, ARTHUR M.;REEL/FRAME:004552/0886 Effective date: 19860409 |