USPP6166P - Hybrid grapevine rootstock - Google Patents
Hybrid grapevine rootstock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP6166P USPP6166P US06/866,536 US86653686V US6166P US PP6166 P USPP6166 P US PP6166P US 86653686 V US86653686 V US 86653686V US 6166 P US6166 P US 6166P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- grapevine
- phylloxera
- feeding
- rootstock
- hybrid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 241001516577 Phylloxera Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000723697 Grapevine fanleaf virus Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000201421 Xiphinema index Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000243785 Meloidogyne javanica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017252 Vitis californica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006572 Vitis californica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068697 Vitis rotundifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002532 grape seed extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000405 serological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct rootstock variety of grapevine. More particularly the new variety, which has been named ⁇ VR 039-16, ⁇ has been shown to effectively tolerate grapevine fanleaf virus and Xiphinema index, the nematode vector.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical flower cluster form of the new variety.
- FIG. 2 typifies the mature leaves of the new variety.
- FIG. 3 shows the flowers of the new variety.
- the grapevine of this invention was selected from a cross made in 1948 between Vitis vinifera ⁇ Almeria ⁇ and V. rotundifolia male No. 2. Initially, the selection was tested for phylloxera resistance and the success of those tests was reported in 1964. However, due to the difficulty in propagating the selection, as compared with the standard phylloxera-resistant rootstocks, ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ was not released. Interest in this vine was renewed when differential tolerance to infectious degeneration and X. index was observed. These observations led to the experiments which have determined the immunity of ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ to X. index feeding.
- Vines of ⁇ VR 039-16, ⁇ when grafted with scions of susceptible vinifera cultivars such as ⁇ Cabernet Sauvignon, ⁇ ⁇ Chenin blanc, ⁇ and ⁇ Carignane ⁇ and planted in infested soil have remained disease free and productive for at least seven (7) years.
- the tests were aided by a new serological technique which permits rapid detection of grapevine fanleaf virus in grapevine tissues.
- the technique is known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
- ELISA of tissues taken from experimental vines of ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ at various stages of growth gave proof that ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ was virtually free of infectious degeneration.
- ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ was tested and has been found suitable for planting in vineyards infected with viruliferous nematodes in the important wine grape areas of Napa and San Joaquin Counties in California. The variety has been asexually reproduced by cuttings and although difficult to propagate, propagation has been improved by the application of rooting hormones.
- ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ In addition to its immunity to nematode feeding ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ is immune to phylloxera and resistant to most strains of root knot nematodes. It is distinguished from its companion rootstock ⁇ VR 043-43 ⁇ in that it is immune to phylloxera, whereas, ⁇ VR 043-43 ⁇ shows only tolerance. ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ differs from the standard phylloxera resistant rootstocks in that it is somewhat more difficult to propagate and is immune to vector feeding. Also, ⁇ VR 039-16 ⁇ is resistant to feeding by root knot nematodes, whereas ⁇ St. George ⁇ and ⁇ Ganzin 1 ⁇ are not.
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of grapevine rootstock is provided. It is characterized by its immunity to feeding by the nematode vector of grapevine fanleaf virus and to feeding by phylloxera. When grafted with scion cultivars, such as `Cabernet Sauvignon,` `Chenin blanc,` and `Carignane,` the variety may be planted in soil contaminated with viruliferous nematodes and/or phylloxera and will produce healthy fruit and excellent yields.
Description
The present invention relates to a new and distinct rootstock variety of grapevine. More particularly the new variety, which has been named `VR 039-16,` has been shown to effectively tolerate grapevine fanleaf virus and Xiphinema index, the nematode vector.
FIG. 1 shows a typical flower cluster form of the new variety.
FIG. 2 typifies the mature leaves of the new variety.
FIG. 3 shows the flowers of the new variety.
A serious problem which has faced the California grape industry for many years is the grapevine fanleaf virus -- Xiphinema index nematode complex. Soil fumigation treatments have had limited success in controlling the vector spreading infectious degeneration. Frequently soil treatment has completely failed. When planted in soil infested with viruliferous X. index, Vitis vinifera grape cultivars become infected with the disease, and vines degenerate rapidly to a point where fruit set is reduced and crop production becomes twenty percent (20%) or less than that of normal healthy vines of the same cultivar.
When vinifera scions are grafted onto standard phylloxera resistant rootstocks that are in general use, such as `Harmony,` `Couderc 1613,` `Rupestris St. George` (`du Lot`) and `Ganzin 1`, degeneration has not been prevented and oftentimes is exacerbated to a point where vines are virtually cropless.
The grapevine of this invention was selected from a cross made in 1948 between Vitis vinifera `Almeria` and V. rotundifolia male No. 2. Initially, the selection was tested for phylloxera resistance and the success of those tests was reported in 1964. However, due to the difficulty in propagating the selection, as compared with the standard phylloxera-resistant rootstocks, `VR 039-16` was not released. Interest in this vine was renewed when differential tolerance to infectious degeneration and X. index was observed. These observations led to the experiments which have determined the immunity of `VR 039-16` to X. index feeding. Vines of `VR 039-16,` when grafted with scions of susceptible vinifera cultivars such as `Cabernet Sauvignon,` `Chenin blanc,` and `Carignane` and planted in infested soil have remained disease free and productive for at least seven (7) years. The tests were aided by a new serological technique which permits rapid detection of grapevine fanleaf virus in grapevine tissues. The technique is known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA of tissues taken from experimental vines of `VR 039-16` at various stages of growth gave proof that `VR 039-16` was virtually free of infectious degeneration. Throughout the extended test period crop yield and vine growth were excellent, and the clusters and berries obtained on `VR 039-16` stock demonstrated complete freedom of virus infection. The scions on the standard phylloxera-resistant rootstocks in the same tests as `VR 039-16` displayed severe degeneration evidenced by low yields, smaller clusters and berries and reduced pruning weights.
`VR 039-16` was tested and has been found suitable for planting in vineyards infected with viruliferous nematodes in the important wine grape areas of Napa and San Joaquin Counties in California. The variety has been asexually reproduced by cuttings and although difficult to propagate, propagation has been improved by the application of rooting hormones.
In addition to its immunity to nematode feeding `VR 039-16` is immune to phylloxera and resistant to most strains of root knot nematodes. It is distinguished from its companion rootstock `VR 043-43` in that it is immune to phylloxera, whereas, `VR 043-43` shows only tolerance. `VR 039-16` differs from the standard phylloxera resistant rootstocks in that it is somewhat more difficult to propagate and is immune to vector feeding. Also, `VR 039-16` is resistant to feeding by root knot nematodes, whereas `St. George` and `Ganzin 1` are not.
Definitive phenological and morphological characteristics of VR 039-16 are as follows:
Flowers staminate with sterile pollen and poorly developed anthers. Indistinct but well-formed stigma on most flowers. Flower cluster form small, 4-6 cm long. Stamens moderately reflexed with tendency towards perfect flowering. Ovary small but well-formed. Sterile, with no fruit set.
Leaves deeply three to five lobed. Both inferior and superior sinuses are open. Margin distinctly and uniformly dentate. Older leaves slightly tomentose with tufted hairs that tend to dehisce. Younger leaves with soft long hairs on both upper and lower surface, more on upper surface. Mature leaves light to light yellow green. Vigorously growing shoot tips almost wooly white with tomentum.
Tendrils, long, slender and well-formed, often longer than leaf blades; these are bifid, with discontinuous arrangement of vinifera type.
Mature wood tan in color, with persistent bark and prominent lenticels. Nodes with septum.
Blooms late, 12 to 14 days later than Semillon, 10% bloom at Davis on May 25, 1985.
Claims (1)
1. The new and distinct variety of grapevine rootstock herein described and illustrated and identified by the characteristics enumerated above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/866,536 USPP6166P (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1986-05-23 | Hybrid grapevine rootstock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/866,536 USPP6166P (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1986-05-23 | Hybrid grapevine rootstock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP6166P true USPP6166P (en) | 1988-05-03 |
Family
ID=25347819
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/866,536 Expired - Lifetime USPP6166P (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1986-05-23 | Hybrid grapevine rootstock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP6166P (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP9575P (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-11 | Ruehl; Ernst H. | `Borner` rootstock grape |
| EP1026941A1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-08-16 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Nepovirus resistance in grapevine |
| US11871721B2 (en) | 2020-10-07 | 2024-01-16 | E&J Gallo Winery | Grapevines and related methods of production and use |
-
1986
- 1986-05-23 US US06/866,536 patent/USPP6166P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP9575P (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-11 | Ruehl; Ernst H. | `Borner` rootstock grape |
| EP1026941A1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2000-08-16 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Nepovirus resistance in grapevine |
| EP1026941A4 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2004-05-26 | Cornell Res Foundation Inc | Nepovirus resistance in grapevine |
| US7211710B2 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2007-05-01 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Grapevine fanleaf virus resistance in grapevine |
| US11871721B2 (en) | 2020-10-07 | 2024-01-16 | E&J Gallo Winery | Grapevines and related methods of production and use |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THE, UNIVE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LIDER, LLOYD A.;REEL/FRAME:004562/0435 Effective date: 19860517 Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSIT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OLMO, HAROLD P.;REEL/FRAME:004562/0440 Effective date: 19860517 Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE, UNIV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GOHEEN, AUSTIN C.;REEL/FRAME:004562/0443 Effective date: 19860517 |