USPP5723P - Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 - Google Patents
Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP5723P USPP5723P US06/562,059 US56205983V US5723P US PP5723 P USPP5723 P US PP5723P US 56205983 V US56205983 V US 56205983V US 5723 P US5723 P US 5723P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- apple
- incited
- freedom
- cultivar
- delicious
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 244000081841 Malus domestica Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 abstract description 19
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000588694 Erwinia amylovora Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001516047 Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001337928 Podosphaera leucotricha Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000228452 Venturia inaequalis Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000144285 Peromyscus polionotus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004567 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020001657 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004625 Aspartate Aminotransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003415 Aspartate Aminotransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031191 Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 91 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710145658 Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 91 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000960235 Dictyostelium discoideum Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599885 Dictyostelium discoideum Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000005731 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070600 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710129448 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599886 Homo sapiens Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012011 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010075869 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037845 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000699693 Peromyscus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710174876 Probable triosephosphate isomerase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011842 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010036039 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005924 Triose-Phosphate Isomerase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700015934 Triose-phosphate isomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- POSZUTFLHGNLHX-KSBRXOFISA-N tris maleate Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO.OCC(N)(CO)CO.OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O POSZUTFLHGNLHX-KSBRXOFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Definitions
- This invention is a new and distinct cultivar of the apple which is exceptional for its resistance to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis, cedar apple rust incited by Gymnosporangium juniperi virginianae, apple powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera leucotricha, and fire blight incited by Erwinia amylovora, for its high yields of large fruits and for its good quality.
- This new cultivar was developed under project 451 Breeding Disease Resistant Apple Cultivars, of the Dept. of Pomology and Viticulture and the Dept. of Plant Pathology of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. It was selected from a cross made in 1958 of NY 18491 (Macoun ⁇ Antonovka) pollinated by NY 49821-46 (Golden Delicious ⁇ Ill 26829-2-2). It was selected for further trial, and first propagated in 1965. It has been extensively tested since that time under the number NY 58553-1. It will be named Freedom.
- FIG. 1 is ⁇ Freedom ⁇ /EM9 in its 8th leaf, approximately 7 feet tall.
- FIG. 2 is the fruit of ⁇ Freedom ⁇ showing stem end, calyx end, side view, cross and longitudinal sections.
- FIG. 3 is the fruit of ⁇ Freedom ⁇ on the tree.
- FIG. 4 is the fruit of ⁇ Freedom ⁇ on the tree.
- the level of resistance to these 4 major diseases is such that this variety can be grown without any protective sprays in this area. It is not resistant to insects and must be sprayed with insecticides to protect it from insect pests.
- the habit of growth of NY 58553-1 is vigorous and spreading. See FIG. 1. It is precocious and very productive. The shoots are a deep red in color, nearly glabrous at the base and tomentose toward the tip. The lenticels are prominent, scattered, grey in color and oval in shape with the long axis parallel to the shoot. Most of the buds on one year old shoots will break in the spring to form spurs. These spurs will remain productive for 2-3 years.
- the leaves of this variety are large, 102 ⁇ 63 mm and leathery in texture.
- the shape of the leaf is elliptic, the apex is acuminate, the base is obtuse, and the margins are coarsely serrate.
- the upper leaf surface is glabrous and dark green in color and the lower surface is tomentose and greyish green. The shoots are reddish in color nearly glabrous at the base and tomentose toward the tip.
- the fruit of NY 58553-1 (FIGS. 2, 3, 4) is large, 69 mm long, and 85 mm in the largest cross-sectional diameter, and oblate in shape. It ripens October 5. Approximately 80% of the surface is covered with bright red. This red is characterized by readings of Lightness 41.41, Chroma 32.00 and Hue 21.27 on the Hunter Color Difference Meter using the pink standard plate C2 9647. (Hunter Associates Lab Inc., Fairfax, VA). The ground color is yellow. The cavity is deep, medium broad, acute, and russetted. The stem is approximately 20 mm long and slender. The calyx is large and open in a medium deep wide cavity. The calyx tube is short, wide, and conical. The flesh is cream colored, firm, medium-fine, tender and juicy in texture. The flavor is sprightly sub-acid and the quality is good.
- Isozyme genotype The apple cultivar ⁇ Freedom ⁇ was one of 54 distinct cultivars characterized for isozyme genotype in 6 isozyme systems. The results of the complete study have been submitted for publication in the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. An abbreviated description of the methods used and the genotype determined for ⁇ Freedom ⁇ will be presented below.
- Diaphorase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were assayed on slices from the histidine gel.
- the assay conditions were minor modification of standard recipes given in Shaw and Prasad (1970) and Vallejos (1983). Most of the assays were also described in Chyi and Weeden (1984).
- the cultivar ⁇ Freedom ⁇ exhibited specific and invariant genotypes at each of the loci identified in Table I.
- the genotype of ⁇ Freedom ⁇ as well as another common cultivar with at least one allele in common with Freedom are also given in the Table.
- the isozyme phenotype was uniform among all ⁇ Freedom ⁇ trees sampled and could be determined as long as healthy young leaves were available.
- This apple is also meritorious for its precocious and high yielding characteristics, its large fruit size, and good quality.
Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct apple cultivar, named 'Freedom' which is exceptional for its resistance to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis, cedar apple rust incited by Gymnosporangium juniperi virginianae, apple powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera leucotricha, and fire blight incited by Erwinia amylovora, for its high yields of large fruits and for its good quality.
Description
This invention is a new and distinct cultivar of the apple which is exceptional for its resistance to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis, cedar apple rust incited by Gymnosporangium juniperi virginianae, apple powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera leucotricha, and fire blight incited by Erwinia amylovora, for its high yields of large fruits and for its good quality.
This new cultivar was developed under project 451 Breeding Disease Resistant Apple Cultivars, of the Dept. of Pomology and Viticulture and the Dept. of Plant Pathology of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. It was selected from a cross made in 1958 of NY 18491 (Macoun×Antonovka) pollinated by NY 49821-46 (Golden Delicious×Ill 26829-2-2). It was selected for further trial, and first propagated in 1965. It has been extensively tested since that time under the number NY 58553-1. It will be named Freedom.
FIG. 1 is `Freedom`/EM9 in its 8th leaf, approximately 7 feet tall.
FIG. 2 is the fruit of `Freedom` showing stem end, calyx end, side view, cross and longitudinal sections.
FIG. 3 is the fruit of `Freedom` on the tree.
FIG. 4 is the fruit of `Freedom` on the tree.
`NY 58553-1` has been extensively tested in the greenhouse and in the orchard for resistance to the major apple diseases. It is highly resistant to apple scab, when inoculated in the greenhouse, showing only small, non-sporulating, necrotic spots on the inoculated leaves. In the orchard no symptoms of apple scab have ever been found on this cultivar. In greenhouse tests of cedar apple rust resistance, NY 58553-1 showed pycnia of this disease after inoculation but we have only seen rust symptoms once on this cultivar in the field. For fire blight following inoculation in the greenhouse NY 58553-1 was given a score of 2 which is a resistant rating. In the orchard on the USDA scale from 1 to 10 "8" is the worst fire blight infection that has been observed. This means that there is some entry into 2 year old wood and that not more than 4-6% of the tree was infected.
We do not have a good greenhouse technique for evaluating resistance to mildew in apples. However, NY 58553-1 has been evaluated for resistance in unsprayed orchards for many years. Lesions of mildew can be found on the leaves in most years but the occurrence of infected terminals on which the disease usually overwinters is quite rare.
The level of resistance to these 4 major diseases is such that this variety can be grown without any protective sprays in this area. It is not resistant to insects and must be sprayed with insecticides to protect it from insect pests.
The habit of growth of NY 58553-1 is vigorous and spreading. See FIG. 1. It is precocious and very productive. The shoots are a deep red in color, nearly glabrous at the base and tomentose toward the tip. The lenticels are prominent, scattered, grey in color and oval in shape with the long axis parallel to the shoot. Most of the buds on one year old shoots will break in the spring to form spurs. These spurs will remain productive for 2-3 years.
The leaves of this variety are large, 102×63 mm and leathery in texture. The shape of the leaf is elliptic, the apex is acuminate, the base is obtuse, and the margins are coarsely serrate. The upper leaf surface is glabrous and dark green in color and the lower surface is tomentose and greyish green. The shoots are reddish in color nearly glabrous at the base and tomentose toward the tip.
`NY 58553-1` blooms on the average May 15 or about 3 days after McIntosh. It has fertile pollen and is a precocious and productive variety.
The fruit of NY 58553-1 (FIGS. 2, 3, 4) is large, 69 mm long, and 85 mm in the largest cross-sectional diameter, and oblate in shape. It ripens October 5. Approximately 80% of the surface is covered with bright red. This red is characterized by readings of Lightness 41.41, Chroma 32.00 and Hue 21.27 on the Hunter Color Difference Meter using the pink standard plate C2 9647. (Hunter Associates Lab Inc., Fairfax, VA). The ground color is yellow. The cavity is deep, medium broad, acute, and russetted. The stem is approximately 20 mm long and slender. The calyx is large and open in a medium deep wide cavity. The calyx tube is short, wide, and conical. The flesh is cream colored, firm, medium-fine, tender and juicy in texture. The flavor is sprightly sub-acid and the quality is good.
Isozyme genotype: The apple cultivar `Freedom` was one of 54 distinct cultivars characterized for isozyme genotype in 6 isozyme systems. The results of the complete study have been submitted for publication in the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. An abbreviated description of the methods used and the genotype determined for `Freedom` will be presented below.
Materials and methods: Young leaf tissue was thoroughly crushed in ice cold 0.05M tris-maleate pH 8.5 containing 20% glycerol (v/v) 10% soluble polyvinylpyrolidone, 0.5% Triton X-100 and 14 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The extracts were subjected to horizontal starch gel electrophoresis on a tris citrate/lithium borate system at pH 8.1 (Selander et al., 1971) and on a histidine gel at pH 6.5 (Cardy et al., 1980). Slices from the tris citrate/lithium borate gel were assayed for aspartate aminotransferase, glucose phosphate isomerase and triose phosphate isomerase. Diaphorase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were assayed on slices from the histidine gel. The assay conditions were minor modification of standard recipes given in Shaw and Prasad (1970) and Vallejos (1983). Most of the assays were also described in Chyi and Weeden (1984).
The cultivar `Freedom` exhibited specific and invariant genotypes at each of the loci identified in Table I. The genotype of `Freedom` as well as another common cultivar with at least one allele in common with Freedom are also given in the Table. The isozyme phenotype was uniform among all `Freedom` trees sampled and could be determined as long as healthy young leaves were available.
TABLE I
______________________________________
Freedom isozyme genotypes.
Isozyme.sup.1
Genotype.sup.2
Cultivars possessing similar alleles.sup.3
______________________________________
6PGD-1 ad Delicious (ac); Golden Delicious (dd)
6PGD-2 normal Delicious and Golden Delicious
AAT-1 bc Delicious (bc)
AAT-2 cc Delicious (cc)
GPI-2 bc Delicious (cc) (b allele unique to
`Freedom`)
TPI-2 ab Golden Delicious (bc)
DIAP ab Delicious (ab)
IDH-1 bb Golden Delicious (bb)
IDH-2 aa Golden Delicious (aa)
______________________________________
.sup.1 As defined in Weeden, N. F. and R. C. Lamb (submitted).
.sup.2 As defined in Weeden, N. F. and R. C. Lamb (submitted).
.sup.3 Genotype of cultivar given in parentheses.
References cited above
Cardy, B. J., C. W. Stuber, and M. M. Goodman, 1980. Techniques for starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes from maize (Zea mays L.). Dept. of Stat. Mimeo Series No. 1317, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
Chyi, Y. S. and N. F. Weeden, 1984. Relative isozyme band intensities permit the identification of the 2N gamete parent for triploid apple cultivars. HortScience 19:(in press).
Selander, R. K., M. H. Smith, S. Y. Yang, W. E. Johnson, and J. B. Gentry, 1971. Biochemical polymorphism and systematics in the genus Peromyscus. I. Variation in the old-field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Studies in Genetics VI. Univ. Texas Publ. 7103:49-90.
Shaw, C. R. and R. Prasad, 1970. Starch gel Electrophoresis -- A compilation of recipes. Biochem. Genet. 4:297-320.
Vallejos, C. E., 1983. Enzyme activity staining. In:Isozymes in plant genetics and breeding. Part A. S. D. Tanksley and T. J. Orton (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 469-516.
Merits: The most outstanding features of NY 58553-1 are its resistances to the four major disease of apple in this area. It is highly resistant to apple scab and moderately resistant to fire blight, cedar apple rust, and powdery mildew. It is not necessary to spray with fungicides or bactericides in most years.
This apple is also meritorious for its precocious and high yielding characteristics, its large fruit size, and good quality.
Claims (1)
1. The new and distinct apple variety herein described and illustrated and identified by the characters enumerated above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/562,059 USPP5723P (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/562,059 USPP5723P (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP5723P true USPP5723P (en) | 1986-04-22 |
Family
ID=24244614
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/562,059 Expired - Lifetime USPP5723P (en) | 1983-12-16 | 1983-12-16 | Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP5723P (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-12-16 US US06/562,059 patent/USPP5723P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Akaneme et al. | Morphological assessment of genetic variability among accessions of Amaranthus hybridus | |
| Weeden et al. | Identification of apple cultivars by isozyme phenotypes. | |
| Seaney et al. | Birdsfoot trefoil | |
| Strong | Physiology of injury caused by Lygus hesperus | |
| Janick et al. | Fruit breeding, tree and tropical fruits | |
| Rana et al. | Naturally occurring wild relatives of temperate fruits in Western Himalayan region of India: an analysis | |
| Sedgley | Flowering of deciduous perennial fruit crops | |
| Beaver et al. | Yield Stability of Determinate and Indeterminate Soybeans Adapted to the Northern United States 1 | |
| Vrecenar-Gadus et al. | The effect of planting design on out-crossing rate and yield in the ‘Hass’ avocado | |
| Sudha et al. | Evaluation of F2 intergeneric population of papaya (Carica papaya L.) for resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) | |
| USPP5723P (en) | Apple cultivar NY 58533-1 | |
| Peirce | The biology of Australian weeds. 31. Oxalis pes-caprae L. | |
| USPP35017P2 (en) | Peach tree named ‘Whitewater’ | |
| US20150106983P1 (en) | Peach tree named 'Souvenirs' | |
| Davies et al. | Dispersal of Acalitus essigi to blackberry (Rubus fruticosus Agg.) fruit | |
| US20150113688P1 (en) | Almond Tree Named 'Bennett - Hickman' | |
| USPP12620P2 (en) | Nectarine tree-named ‘Bradley’ cultivar | |
| Meier et al. | Impact of growth conditions on the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and the mycotoxin content of wheat | |
| Gardner | Indiana plant diseases, 1923 | |
| USPP12439P2 (en) | Avocado tree named ‘Alpha Krome’ | |
| Lamb et al. | 'Freedom'A New Disease-Resistant Apple | |
| USPP33445P3 (en) | Plum tree named ‘Waplumone’ | |
| USPP8529P (en) | Japanese pear tree Gold Nijisseiki | |
| USPP12219P2 (en) | Apple tree named ‘Triple E’ Fuji | |
| USPP11601P (en) | Apple tree named `Pinova` |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CORNELL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC., EAST HILL PLAZA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:LAMB, ROBERT C.;ALDWINCKLE, HERB S.;REEL/FRAME:004210/0633 Effective date: 19831128 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OLD STONE BANK, 150 SOUTH MAIN ST., PROVIDENCE, RI Free format text: AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AGREEMENT DATED MAY 3, 1984 RECORDED AT REEL 4282-FRAME 0781;ASSIGNOR:STARK BROTHERS NURSERIES AND ORCHARDS COMPANY, A CORP. OF MO;REEL/FRAME:005573/0042 Effective date: 19901231 |