Common name: Mandarin.
Botanical classification: Citrus sp.
Variety denomination: ‘Mikanken10’.
BACKGROUND OF THE NEW VARIETY
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Mandarin, Citrus sp., which has been given the variety denomination ‘Mikanken10’.
ORIGIN OF THE VARIETY
The parent varieties are ‘ARIAKE’ (male parent) (patented in the US as U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,235) and ‘NANKO’ (female parent) (not patented in the U.S.), respectively.
The variety was developed and propagated in Uwajima, Ehime, Japan.
The variety was reproduced asexually by vegetative reproduction by top grafting one-year-old scions on rootstocks, in Uwajima, Ehime, Japan. The rootstock used was ‘MIYAGAWAWASE’ (not patented) as an interstock grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange).
In 1993, crossing the parent varieties and collecting seeds to be grown in the next year.
In 1994 and 1995, seeds were planted and grown.
In 1996, scions were grafted on top of root stock.
In 1998, the first fruit was harvested.
In 2003, lines were primarily selected.
In 2009, plants were secondary selected.
From 2010 to 2022 there were growing tests for their performance.
In 2023, breeding was completed with DUS status confirmed (distinct, uniform, and stable), whereby it was confirmed that the instant tree reproduces true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction, and the variety was named ‘Mikanken10’.
Cultivation of variety does not require special conditions or treatments.
The variety is currently mainly intended for fruit production.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY
This new mandarin plant ‘Mikanken10’ has dense spines on the tree, leaf blade with emargination at tip, fruit with flattened general shape of distal part, that distinguish it notably from its male parent ‘ARIAKE’, and no navel opening, that distinguish it notably from its female parent ‘NANKO’.
Also, ‘Mikanken10’ has no depression at the distal end of the fruit and no polyembryony of seeds, that distinguishes it notably from comparative variety ‘SEINANNOHIKARI’ (not patented in the U.S.).
In addition, the fruit of ‘Mikanken10’ has the following characteristics: The fruit size is approximately 200 g, the predominant color of the fruit surface is vivid orange, the rind thickness is thin, the strength of the segment walls is weak, the fruit has no seeds, in early December, the total soluble solids (Brix) of juice is about 15 degrees and the juice acidity is medium, and the time of maturity of the fruit is in early to mid-December.
Table 1 shows a comparison between the instant variety ‘Mikanken10’ and Male parent variety ‘ARIAKE’ and Female parent variety ‘NANKO’, as follows (average evaluation):
| TABLE 1 |
| |
| Comparison between ‘Mikanken10’ and ‘ARIAKE’ and ‘NANKO’ |
| |
|
|
Female |
|
| |
|
Male parent |
parent |
Present |
| |
|
variety |
variety |
variety |
| |
|
‘ARIAKE’ |
‘NANKO’ |
‘Mikanken10’ |
| No. |
Characteristics |
States |
States |
States |
| |
| 3 |
Tree: density |
Absent or |
Intermediate |
Dense |
| |
of spine |
Sparse |
|
|
| 15 |
Leaf blade: |
Absent |
Absent |
Present |
| |
emargination |
|
|
|
| |
at tip |
|
|
|
| 41 |
Fruit: general |
Slightly |
Slightly |
Flattened |
| |
shape of distal |
rounded |
rounded |
|
| |
part |
|
|
|
| 48 |
Fruit: presence |
Absent |
Always |
Absent |
| |
of navel |
|
present |
|
| |
opening |
| |
Table 2 shows a comparison between the instant variety ‘Mikanken10’ and comparative variety ‘SEINANNNOHIKARI’, as follows (average evaluation):
| TABLE 2 |
| |
| Comparison between ‘Mikanken10’ and ‘SEINANNOHIKARI’ |
| |
|
Comparative |
Present |
| |
|
variety |
variety |
| |
|
‘SEINANNOHIKARI’ |
‘Mikanken10’ |
| No. |
Characteristics |
States |
States |
| |
| 15 |
Leaf blade: |
Absent |
Present |
| |
emargination at |
|
|
| |
tip |
|
|
| 42 |
Fruit: presence |
Present |
Absent |
| |
of depression at |
|
|
| |
distal end |
|
|
| 91 |
Seed: poly- |
Present |
Absent |
| |
embryony |
| |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, which are as nearly true as is reasonable possible to make in a color illustration of this type:
FIG. 1 is a color photograph showing a general view of an illustrative mandarin tree of the variety named ‘Mikanken10’ bearing fruits.
FIG. 2 is a color photograph showing flowers of ‘Mikanken10’.
FIG. 3 is a color photograph showing upper surfaces of leaves of ‘Mikanken10’.
FIG. 4 is a color photograph showing whole fruits (distal end, side view and stalk end), and transverse section and longitudinal section of fruits of ‘Mikanken10’.
FIG. 5 is a color photograph showing whole fruits (distal end, side view and stalk end), and transverse section and longitudinal section of fruits of ‘Mikanken10’ and ‘NANKO’, which is indicating difference of fruit: navel opening.
FIG. 6 is a color photograph showing whole fruits (distal end, side view and stalk end), and transverse section and longitudinal section of fruits of ‘Mikanken10’ and ‘ARIAKE’, which is indicating difference of general shape of distal part.
FIG. 7 is a color photograph showing upper surfaces of leaves of ‘Mikanken10’ and ‘SEINANNOHIKARI’, which is indicating difference of leaf: emargination at tip.
Due to chemical and/or digital development, processing and printing, the plants or portions of plants depicted in the photographs may or may not be precisely accurate when compared to the actual botanical specimens.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Table 3 shows the botanical description of the ‘Mikanken10’ plants evaluated in 2023. The values as provided are averages. The ages of the trees evaluated was 15 years after grafted on top of rootstock, and the location of the trees evaluated was in Uwajima, Ehime, Japan.
Colors are given according to the J.H.S. (Japan Horticultural Society) Color Chart.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
| TABLE 3 |
| |
| Botanical description of ‘Mikanken10’ |
| No. |
Characteristics |
States |
Values |
| |
| 1. |
Ploidy |
Diploid |
|
| 2. |
Tree: growth habit |
Spreading |
|
| 3. |
Tree: average height |
|
2.1 |
m |
| 4. |
Tree: average spread |
|
3.0 |
m |
| 5. |
Trunk: average dia- |
|
6.8 |
cm |
| |
meter at 10 cm above |
|
|
|
| |
the grafted area |
|
|
| 6. |
Trunk: surface texture |
|
rough |
| 7. |
Trunk: bark color |
Dark |
3107 (JHS |
| |
|
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 8. |
Branches: average |
|
11.3 |
cm |
| |
length |
|
|
|
| 9. |
Branches: surface |
|
smooth |
| |
texture |
|
|
| 10. |
Branches: bark color |
Dark |
3508 (JHS |
| |
|
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 11. |
Tree: density of |
Dense |
33.3% |
| |
spines (number of |
|
|
| |
thorns per total |
|
|
| |
number of leaf- |
|
|
| |
bearing nodes, |
|
|
| |
multiplied by 100) |
|
|
| 12. |
Length of spines |
|
0.4 |
cm |
| 13. |
Spine: color |
Dark |
3508 (JHS |
| |
|
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 14. |
Leaf blade: length |
Long |
10.1 |
cm |
| |
(apical leaflet in |
|
|
|
| |
case of compound |
|
|
|
| |
leaf) |
|
|
|
| 15. |
Leaf blade: width |
Medium |
4.2 |
cm |
| |
(apical leaflet in |
|
|
|
| |
case of compound |
|
|
| |
leaf) |
|
|
| 16. |
Leaf blade: ratio |
Medium |
2.4 |
| |
length/width (apical |
|
|
| |
leaflet in case of |
|
|
| |
compound leaf) |
|
|
| 17. |
Leaf blade: shape |
Inter- |
|
| |
in cross section |
mediate |
|
| |
(apical leaflet in |
|
|
| |
case of compound |
|
|
| |
leaf) |
|
|
| 18. |
Leaf blade: twisting |
Absent or |
|
| |
|
Weak |
|
| 19. |
Leaf blade: blistering |
Absent or |
|
| |
|
Weak |
|
| 20. |
Leaf blade: color: |
Dark |
3509 (JHS |
| |
upper surface |
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 21. |
Leaf blade: un- |
Absent or |
|
| |
dulation of margin |
Weak |
|
| 22. |
Leaf blade: incisions |
Absent |
|
| |
of margin |
|
|
| 23. |
Leaf blade: shape of |
Acute |
|
| |
apex |
|
|
| 24. |
Leaf blade: emargin- |
Present |
|
| |
ation at tip |
|
|
| 25. |
Petiole: length |
Medium |
1.6 |
cm |
| 26. |
Petiole: color |
Deep |
3507 (JHS |
| |
|
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 27. |
Petiole: presence of |
Present |
|
| |
wings |
|
|
| 28. |
Varieties with petiole |
Narrow |
2.9 |
mm |
| |
wings present only: |
|
|
| |
petiole: width of wings |
|
|
| 29. |
Petiole wings: color |
Dark |
3509 (JHS |
| |
|
yellow- |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
green |
|
| 30. |
Flower: diameter of |
|
0.8 |
cm |
| |
Calyx |
|
|
|
| 31. |
Flower: length of petal |
Medium |
15.8 |
mm |
| 32. |
Flower: width of petal |
Very Broad |
7.0 |
mm |
| 33. |
Flower: ratio length/ |
|
2.3 |
| |
width of petal |
|
|
| 34. |
Flower: length of |
|
9.0 |
mm |
| |
stamens |
|
|
|
| 35. |
Blooming period |
Early May |
|
| 36. |
Fragrance |
Present |
|
| 37. |
Flower bud: color |
Yellowish |
2502 (JHS |
| |
|
white |
Color Chart) |
| 38. |
Sepals: number per |
|
5 |
| |
flower |
|
|
| 39. |
Sepals: length |
|
0.25 |
cm |
| 40. |
Sepals: width |
|
0.78 |
cm |
| 41 |
Petal: shape |
Spindle- |
|
| |
|
shaped |
|
| 42. |
Petal: color (upper |
Yellowish |
2502 (JHS |
| |
surface) |
white |
Color Chart) |
| 43. |
Petal: apex shape |
Acute |
|
| 44. |
Petal: base shape |
Round |
|
| 45. |
Anther: color |
Bright |
2204 (JHS |
| |
|
reddish |
Color Chart) |
| |
|
yellow |
|
| 46. |
Style: length |
|
5.0 |
mm |
| 47. |
infructescence: |
Present |
|
|
| |
clustering of fruits |
|
|
|
| 48. |
Fruit: length |
|
6.2 |
cm |
| 49. |
Fruit: diameter |
|
7.4 |
cm |
| 50. |
Fruit: ratio length/ |
|
1.19 |
| |
diameter |
|
|
| 51. |
Fruit: position of |
At Middle |
|
| |
broadest part |
|
|
| 52. |
Fruit: shape in trans- |
Circular |
|
| |
verse section |
|
|
| 53. |
Fruit: general shape of |
Flattened |
|
| |
proximal part (excluding |
|
|
| |
neck, collar and |
|
|
| |
depression at stalk end) |
|
|
| 54. |
Fruit: presence of neck |
Absent |
|
| 55. |
Fruit: presence of |
Absent |
|
| |
depression at stalk end |
|
|
| 56. |
Fruit: presence of con- |
Absent |
|
| |
striction at stalk end |
|
|
| 57. |
Fruit: number of radial |
Absent or |
2 |
| |
grooves at stalk end |
few |
|
| 58. |
Fruit: length of radial |
|
7.2 |
mm |
| |
grooves at stalk end |
|
|
|
| 59. |
Fruit: presence of collar |
Absent |
|
|
| 60. |
Fruit: abscission layer |
Absent |
|
|
| |
between floral disc |
weekly |
|
|
| |
and fruit |
developed |
|
|
| 61. |
Fruit: general shape of |
Flattened |
|
|
| |
distal part (excluding |
|
|
|
| |
nipple, bulging of navel |
|
|
|
| |
and depression at distal |
|
|
|
| |
end) |
|
|
|
| 62. |
Fruit: presence of |
Absent |
|
|
| |
depression at distal end |
|
|
|
| 63. |
Fruit: presence of areola |
Incomplete |
|
|
| 64. |
Fruit: type of areola |
Smooth |
|
|
| 65. |
Fruit: diameter of areola |
|
3.0 |
cm |
| 66. |
Fruit: diameter of stylar |
|
3.0 |
mm |
| |
scar |
|
|
|
| 67. |
Fruit: persistence of |
None |
|
|
| |
style |
|
|
|
| 68. |
Fruit: presence of navel |
Absent |
|
|
| |
opening |
|
|
|
| 69. |
Fruit: presence of radial |
Absent |
|
|
| |
grooves at distal end |
|
|
|
| 70. |
Fruit surface: pre- |
Vivid |
1605 (JHS |
| |
dominant color(s) |
orange |
Color Chart) |
| 71. |
Fruit surface: glossiness |
Medium |
|
|
| 72. |
Fruit surface: roughness |
Medium |
|
|
| 73. |
Fruit surface: size of oil |
All more or |
|
|
| |
glands |
less the |
|
|
| |
|
same size |
|
|
| 74. |
Fruit surface: size of |
Medium |
|
|
| |
larger oil glands |
|
|
|
| 75. |
Fruit surface: con- |
Medium |
|
|
| |
spicuousness of larger |
|
|
|
| |
oil glands |
|
|
|
| 76. |
Fruit surface: presence |
Pitting |
|
|
| |
of pitting and pebbling |
absent, |
|
|
| |
on oil glands |
Pebbling |
|
|
| |
|
present |
|
|
| 77. |
Fruit: varieties with fruit |
Medium |
|
|
| |
surface: pebbling on oil |
|
|
|
| |
glands only: surface: |
|
|
|
| |
density of pebbling |
|
|
|
| 78. |
Fruit: varieties with |
Medium |
|
|
| |
fruit surface: pebbling |
|
|
|
| |
on oil glands only: |
|
|
|
| |
surface: degree of |
|
|
|
| |
pebbling |
|
|
|
| 79. |
Fruit: rind thickness |
Thin |
2.5 |
mm |
| 80. |
Fruit: rind adherence of |
Weak to |
|
|
| |
flesh |
medium |
|
|
| 81. |
Fruit: rind: strength |
Medium |
|
|
| 82. |
Fruit: rind: oiliness |
Dry |
|
|
| 83. |
Fruit: rind conspicuous- |
Absent or |
|
|
| |
ness of oil glands on |
weakly |
|
|
| |
inner surface |
conspicuous |
|
|
| 84. |
Fruit: color of albedo |
Pale yellow |
2503 (JHS |
| |
|
|
Color Chart) |
| 85. |
Fruit: density of albedo |
Medium |
|
| 86. |
Fruit: amount of albedo |
Small |
|
| |
adhering to flesh |
|
|
| |
(strand excluded) |
|
|
| 87. |
Fruit: presence of |
Present |
|
| |
albedo strands |
|
|
| 88. |
Fruit: amount of |
Medium |
|
| |
albedo strands |
|
|
| 89. |
Fruit: main color |
Strong |
1606 (JHS |
| |
of flesh |
orange |
Color Chart) |
| 90. |
Fruit: filling of core |
Medium |
|
|
| 91. |
Fruit: diameter of core |
Very small |
8.2 |
mm |
| 92. |
Fruit: presence of |
Absent or |
|
|
| |
rudimentary segments |
very weak |
|
|
| 93. |
Fruit: number of well- |
|
13 |
| |
developed segments |
|
|
|
| 94. |
Fruit: coherence of |
Medium |
|
|
| |
adjacent segment walls |
|
|
|
| 95. |
Fruit: strength of |
Weak |
|
|
| |
segment walls |
|
|
|
| 96. |
Fruit: length of juice |
|
6.5 |
mm |
| |
vesicles |
|
|
|
| 97. |
Fruit: thickness of |
|
2.6 |
mm |
| |
juice vesicles |
|
|
|
| 98. |
Fruit; conspicuous- |
High |
|
|
| |
ness of juice vesicle |
|
|
|
| |
walls |
|
|
|
| 99. |
Fruit; coherence of |
Medium |
|
|
| |
juice vesicles |
|
|
|
| 100. |
Fruit: presence of |
Absent or |
|
|
| |
navel (viewed |
very rare |
|
|
| |
internally) |
|
|
|
| 101. |
Fruit: juiciness |
High |
|
|
| 102. |
Fruit: juice: total |
High |
14.9 (Brix) |
| |
soluble solids |
|
|
| 103. |
Fruit: juice: acidity |
Medium |
1.00 |
| 104. |
Fruit: strength of fiber |
Weak |
|
| 105. |
Fruit: number of |
Absent or |
0.7 |
| |
seeds (open pollinated) |
very few |
|
| 106. |
Seed: polyembryony |
Absent |
|
| 107. |
Seed: length |
|
9.6 |
mm |
| 108. |
Seed: width |
|
7.2 |
mm |
| 109. |
Seed: surface |
Wrinkled |
|
|
| 110. |
Seed: varieties with |
Medium |
|
|
| |
seed surface: wrinkled |
|
|
|
| |
only: seed: prominence |
|
|
|
| |
of wrinkled |
|
|
|
| 111. |
Seed: external color |
Whitish |
|
|
| 112. |
Seed: color of inner |
Light brown |
|
|
| |
seed coat |
|
|
|
| 113. |
Plant: time of |
Very early |
December |
| |
maturity of fruit for |
to early |
|
|
| |
consumption |
|
|
|
| 114. |
Plant: fruit: |
Present |
|
|
| |
parthenocarpy |
|
|
|
| 115. |
Plant: fruit harvest |
November |
|
|
| |
period |
| |
Other features of the plant are as follows:
- Disease and pest resistance: Not observed to date.
- Tree hardiness: USDA Hardiness Zone 9a-9b (until −3° C.).
- Shipping quality, storage life, and productivity (weight/plant): Under investigation to date. Market use is as a Citrus fruit for eating raw.