USPP33655P2 - Mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’ - Google Patents
Mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP33655P2 USPP33655P2 US17/031,439 US202017031439V USPP33655P2 US PP33655 P2 USPP33655 P2 US PP33655P2 US 202017031439 V US202017031439 V US 202017031439V US PP33655 P2 USPP33655 P2 US PP33655P2
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- cott
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- nadorcott
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- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 206010021928 Infertility female Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- LMGJXMFXAVSBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-(ent-9-epi-7,15-isopimaradien-18-yl)malonate Natural products CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C(C)(COC(=O)CC(=O)OCC4(C)CCCC5(C)C6CCC(C)(CC6=CCC45)C=C)CCCC23C)C1)C=C LMGJXMFXAVSBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010154 cross-pollination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000080335 Citrus x limonia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001936 Citrus x limonia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004883 areola Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 241000223600 Alternaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indanthrone blue Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4NC5=C6C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C6=CC=C5NC4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Definitions
- Genus and species Citrus reticulata.
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of a mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’, which was originated by the inventor by gamma irradiating the variety ‘Nadorcott’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 10,480), and selecting for trees having pronounced male and female sterility and desired maturity timeframe in the season.
- Irradiated bud wood was sequentially grafted in Kenitra, Morocco on Volkamer lemon root-stock (unpatented) to speed up growth. The last generation of vegetatively propagated plants was planted in 2015 at an experimental field in Beni Mellal, Morocco. Selection observations started in 2017 with a focus on pronounced male and female sterility, adequate maturity period in the late season, yield potential and other agronomic features of interest.
- ‘Star Cott 3’ has several distinct characteristics that make it unique as compared to ‘Nadorcott’ including but not limited to:
- ‘Star Cott 3’ also has several distinct characteristics from ‘Star Cott 1’, including but not limited to:
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of ‘Star Cott 3’ tree with a compact canopy and an upright growth.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of ‘Star Cott 3’ trunk showing that the stem is strong with slightly rough bark. It has a diameter slightly less than the root-stock.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ first year twig, which is green and glabrous.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ second year twig, which is striate.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ leaf, showing ovate and slightly crenate shape.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ leaf, showing apex slightly emarginated.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ petiole, showing it is glabrous with no wings.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ flower with five petals and 16 to 20 stamens.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph of ‘Star Cott 3’ young flowers before anthesis.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ fruit, having a width of about 65 to 67 mm, with an areola that is sometimes obvious and stylar rudimentary scar.
- FIG. 11 is a photograph comparing ‘Star Cott 3’ cut fruits (with 0.5 seeds and 9 to 11 segments) and ‘Nadorcott’ cut fruits (16 seeds with 9 to 11 segments).
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ fruit peel, with a thickness of 3.12 mm.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ fruit juice bag length of 11.42 mm.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph of a ‘Star Cott 3’ fruit juice bag width of 4.44 mm.
- FIG. 15 is a photograph comparing juice extract from late Valencia and ‘Star Cott 3’ fruit.
- FIG. 16 is a photograph of microscopic view of pollen germination test on agar/sucrose medium for ‘Star Cott 3’. Count revealed a germination rate of 8% for ‘Star Cott 3’ compared to more than 60% for ‘Nadorcott’.
Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct mandarin tree characterized by low viable pollen, female sterility allowing production of seedless fruits, later maturity and compact canopy with significant potential for high density planting and swift achievement of significant yield in a short time.
Description
Genus and species: Citrus reticulata.
Variety denomination: ‘Star Cott 3’.
Co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 17/031,295 (Mandarin Tree named ‘Star Cott 1’) was developed by the same breeding program.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of a mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’, which was originated by the inventor by gamma irradiating the variety ‘Nadorcott’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 10,480), and selecting for trees having pronounced male and female sterility and desired maturity timeframe in the season.
The Citrus industry is facing tremendous challenges to cope with the recent extensive world-wide plantings of soft Citrus. This congested the market supply due to the narrow maturity windows of conventional varieties, especially clementine varieties, which suffer unprofitable sell prices that impact tremendously farmer's income. Mandarins provide a solution as a soft easy peeling Citrus fruit. However, the late maturity of mandarins does not offer possibilities to fill the gap of the supply shortage of mid-season in the market from end November to end January. Furthermore, mandarins cause problems of cross-pollination, which are unacceptable to farmers, and fruit seediness, which constitutes a major constraint to access better rewarding markets.
To overcome this problem, a breeding program was instituted to generate new varieties of non-cross-pollinating mandarins that can fill the gap of mid-season market supply with seedless easy peeler Citrus fruits. The breeding program targeted creation of new varieties with both male and female sterility with a range of maturity windows that are better adapted to the market. Budwood of ‘Nadorcott’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 10,480) was gamma irradiated in 2013 using a Cobal-60 panoramic irradiator in Boukhalef, Tangier, Morocco.
Irradiated bud wood was sequentially grafted in Kenitra, Morocco on Volkamer lemon root-stock (unpatented) to speed up growth. The last generation of vegetatively propagated plants was planted in 2015 at an experimental field in Beni Mellal, Morocco. Selection observations started in 2017 with a focus on pronounced male and female sterility, adequate maturity period in the late season, yield potential and other agronomic features of interest.
The objective was substantially achieved, along with other desirable improvements, as evidenced by the following unique combination of characteristics that are outstanding in the new variety and that distinguish it from ‘Nadorcott’, as well as from all its derivatives of which I am aware. Among several selections, ‘Star Cott 3’ has several distinct characteristics that make it unique as compared to ‘Nadorcott’ including but not limited to:
-
- 1. Low viable pollen as shown by pollen culture on sucrose-Agar medium (8% for ‘Star Cott 3’ compared to more than 60% for ‘Nadorcott’).
- 2. Female sterility allowing production of seedless fruits (0.5 seeds per fruit for ‘Star Cott 3’ versus 13 seeds per fruit for ‘Nadorcott’) under heavy open field cross-pollination.
- 3. Maturity of ‘Star Cott 3’ is up to 2 weeks later than ‘Nadorcott’ in Beni Mellal, Morocco.
- 4. Compact canopy with a significant potential for high density planting (1666 plants/ha) for a swift achievement of significant yields and an accelerated return on investment.
‘Star Cott 3’ also has several distinct characteristics from ‘Star Cott 1’, including but not limited to:
-
- 1. ‘Star Cott 1’ has a phenotype of dense vegetation with numerous branches and abundant narrow long leaves, while ‘Star Cott 3’ is characterized by thinner vegetation with elongated branches and large leaves.
- 2. Early ripening time (weeks 48 to 52) for ‘Star Cott 1’ versus a later ripening time (weeks 4 to 9) for ‘Star Cott 3’ in the Beni Mellal region of Morocco.
Asexual reproduction of this new variety by bud-grafting, as performed in Kenitra, Morocco, shows that the foregoing and all other characteristics and distinctions come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding propagations. Bud-eyes are collected and side grafted on a certified receptive Volkamer lemon root-stock and grown for development under plastic house covered with a layer of anti-insect white screen and a top layer of anti-UV yellow plastic. Each of the progeny exhibits identical characteristics to the original plant. The present invention has not been evaluated under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may change with variations in environment without a change in the genotype of the plant.
The accompanying illustrations show typical specimens of the tree, flowers, and fruit of ‘Star Cott 3’ depicted in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make the same in a color illustration of this character.
‘Star Cott 3’ is indicated in photograph illustrations as ‘Super Cott 3’, which was the prior variety name of ‘Star Cott 1’.
The following is a detailed description of my new mandarin tree cultivar with color descriptions using terminology in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart, 4th Edition, (2001), except where ordinary dictionary significance of color is indicated. Observations were made of a 5-year old tree.
- Tree:
-
- Plant diameter.—230 cm on a 5 year old tree on Citrus volkameriana root-stock Trunk: stem is firm with a smooth bark; its diameter is equal to the root-stock. See
FIG. 2 . - Canopy.—Vigorous vegetation with marked upright growth resulting in an ellipsoid shape. The density of branches is high; their attachment angle is narrow. See
FIG. 1 . - Twig.—First year twig is glabrous, moderately thick and has a green color. See
FIG. 3 . It becomes subsequently striate with age. SeeFIG. 4 . No thorns and no spines. - Growth conditions.—‘Star Cott 3’ is adapted to very high-density planting (1666 plants/ha) on trifoliate root-stocks and can achieve high yields starting from 3 years of age. No particular farming care techniques are needed to grow ‘Star Cott 3’. It does not require any special conditions beside what is usually applied for ‘Nadorcott’.
- Plant diameter.—230 cm on a 5 year old tree on Citrus volkameriana root-stock Trunk: stem is firm with a smooth bark; its diameter is equal to the root-stock. See
-
- Stem description:
-
- Stem length.—490 mm.
- Diameter.—108 mm.
- Texture.—Smooth.
- Strength.—Strong.
- Color.—RHS N 199 B dark gray.
-
- Leaf description: Unifoliate with an entire margin, it is elliptic in shape and moderately conduplicate with a glabrous non-winged petiole. The lamina has an obtuse apex slightly emarginated. See
FIGS. 5-6 .-
- Shape.—elliptic.
- Length.—58 mm.
- Width.—28 mm.
- Apex.—Obtuse with slight emargination.
- Margin.—Entire.
- Texture (both surfaces).—Glabrous.
- Color.—Adaxial: RHS 132 C (moderate Green); Abaxial: RHS 132 D (light Green).
- Petiolate of sessile.—Petiolate. Petiolate length: 7 mm. Petiolate diameter: 0.8 mm. Petiolate color: RHS 139 D (moderate Yellow Green).
-
- Root description: Grafted on Citrus volkameriana root-stock.
- Flowers: Single type of flowers in clusters and single flowers at the tip of a leafy bud. Like ‘Nadorcott’, ‘Star Cott 3’ flowers in mid-March with abundant flowering.
-
- Height.—12.5 mm.
- Diameter.—7.1 mm before anthesis.
- Typical date of bloom.—Mid-March in Beni Mellal, Morocco.
- Number of flowers.—1 type in singles and clusters.
- Color.—RHS 155 D (Yellowish White.)
- Pedicel.—8 to 10 mm in length.
- Calyx.—5 mm in diameter with 5 sepals arranged in a cup-like structure. Each sepal has an isosceles triangular shape measuring 3.5 mm at the base and 2.5 mm on the side.
- Corolla.—Composed of 5 petals (14.5 mm in length and 5.0 mm in width) arranged in a circle in alternation with the sepals.
- Stamens.—About 20 in number that stick together, arranged in a circle around the pistil and their anthers are positioned around the stigma at about the same height.
-
- Rostellum:
-
- Length.—9.2 mm.
- Thickness.—1.2 mm.
- Color.—RHS 162 A (moderate Yellow).
-
- Fruit: Fruit attachment to the stalk is strong with sometimes short radial grooves which are not always conspicuous. No neck is present.
-
- Shape.—Slightly larger than longer and has an obloid form.
- Diameter at equatorial level.—65 mm and it is truncate at both stalk and distal ends.
- Width.—65 to 67 mm.
- Texture.—Smooth.
- Color.—Green fruit — RHS 126 A (medium blue Green); non-dehiscent fruit — RHS 32 C (slightly reddish-Orange).
- Fruit rind.—Slightly reddish-Orange in color — RHS 32C, and has a thickness of about 2.95 mm shared equally by flavedo and albedo. The rind is dotted with oil glands of about 1 mm in diameter at a density of 30 about per cm2, and about twice as much tiny oil glands (about 60/cm2). The albedo is of pinkish White color RHS N155B.
- Segments.—9 to 11 which are uniform with a thin but firm membrane.
- Seeds.—Mean seed count under high cross pollination pressure in mixed bloc with ‘Nadorcott’, Rough Lemon and Clementine in adjacent rows was 0.5 per fruit. Seeds are polyembryonic and seed coat is of yellowish-White color (RHS 155 D).
- Fruit axis.—Hollow with a diameter of about 8 mm.
- Peel thickness.—3.12 mm. A small stylar scar is visible and a distinct areola is visible on some fruits. No navel is visible when the fruit is peeled.
- Pulp.—Slight reddish orange color RHS N25B, it is soft and juicy. Juice vesicles are delicate rolls of 8.5 mm long and 3 mm large. The percentage of juice in the endocarp exceeds 50%, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) varies from 10 to 13% and Titratable Acidity (TA) varies between 13 to 0.75% depending on the maturity stage.
-
- Production: 5-year old planting with a spacing of 6 by 2 m produces over 50 metric tons per ha.
- Tolerance to heat wave: ‘Star Cott 3’ is similar to the mother variety ‘Nadorcott’, which is relatively tolerant to mid-spring heat waves that occur in the Mediterranean Basin.
- Tolerance to frost: ‘Star Cott 3’ is similar to the mother variety ‘Nadorcott’, which is resistant to mild negative temperatures (0 to −3° C.) if the duration does not exceed 1 to 2 hours. If this range of negative temperatures is recorded for several consecutive days, or if temperatures decline below −3° C., the fruit is affected by reduction of juice content and irreversible skin damage, especially fruits of the outer side of the canopy.
- Disease resistance: No trials have been conducted, however, ‘Star Cott 3’ does not seem to be sensitive to Alternaria.
- Market use: Fruit of ‘Star Cott 3’ is intended mainly for fresh fruit consumption, as it is the case for the product of ‘Nadorcott’ which is commercialized worldwide.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct mandarin tree, named ‘Star Cott 3’, as herein shown and described.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/031,439 USPP33655P2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/031,439 USPP33655P2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’ |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USPP33655P2 true USPP33655P2 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
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US17/031,439 Active USPP33655P2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Mandarin tree named ‘Star Cott 3’ |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | USPP33655P2 (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-09-24 US US17/031,439 patent/USPP33655P2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Bulletin de la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales. 2017. http://www.onssa.gov.ma/images/controle_semences/bulletin-de-protection-des-obtentions-vegetales-n28-septembre-2017.pdf. 12 pages. (Year: 2017). * |
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