USPP13461P2 - Citrus tree named ‘Nora’ - Google Patents
Citrus tree named ‘Nora’ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP13461P2 USPP13461P2 US09/716,484 US71648400V USPP13461P2 US PP13461 P2 USPP13461 P2 US PP13461P2 US 71648400 V US71648400 V US 71648400V US PP13461 P2 USPP13461 P2 US PP13461P2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- norit
- nora
- color
- tree
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 title description 2
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title description 2
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 4
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004883 areola Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012794 pre-harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005259 style development Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/78—Rutaceae, e.g. lemons or limes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- a new mandarin cultivar Citrus reticulata hybrid is described.
- the new variety named ‘Nora’ is desirable to the consumer because of the orange-red appearance of the fruit, and pleasant aroma of the juice and to commercial growers because of its zero to maximum six seeds per fruit and late ripening season (February to beginning of March).
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of mandarin tree of the new cultivar Citrus reticulata hybrid developed by inventors Aliza Vardi, Pinchas Spiegel-Roy, Avraham Elchanati, Ahuva Frydman-Shani and Hana Neumann in Bet Dagan, Israel from a selection of plants grown from irradiated bud wood of the cultivar ‘Norit’ (unpatented).
- ‘Norit’ an easy peeling mandarin cultivar
- a Co60 source G.B. 150A, Atomic Energy of Canada
- Troyer nucellar rootstocks were bud grafted with the individual buds of irradiated ‘Norit’ bud wood and labeled mV 1 .
- One of the selections designated 8/260/52, had medium size orange-red color fruit and was easy to peel.
- the selection was distinguished from ‘Norit’ by having 0-6 seeds per fruit compared with 13-25 for ‘Norit’ and having flowers with low pollen fertility, typically 14.5% stained with acetocarmine compared with 87% staining for ‘Norit’.
- the tree shape and fruit appearance is similar to that of ‘Norit’.
- the tree is medium in size.
- Small thorns, 1 mm to 3 mm are usually present in the leafy part of branches, especially in their lower portion and on the lower part of fruit bearing branches.
- Main branches have an upright attitude and young shoots have no anthocyanin coloration at the tip.
- the bearing of the tree is regular and the productivity is relatively high, about the same as for ‘Norit’.
- the canopy is moderately dense.
- the bark of the young shoots is initially smooth and green gradually turning into a smooth greyed-green.
- the leaves are similar to that of ‘Norit’. They are lanceolate, small to medium in size. Leaf blade is firm, without undulation and slightly concave in cross section. petiols are without wings.
- the fruit has few seeds, about 0 to 6 seeds, even when optimal pollination conditions are employed. This compares with about 13 to 25 seeds per fruit in ‘Norit’. In other respects the fruit characteristics are in the range of the parent cv. ‘Norit’.
- the fruit has an oblate and slightly flattened shape and is medium sized. When 50 fruits were measured, the fruit had an average weight 145.5 grams, an average height 55.4 mm, and an average diameter 72 mm The fruit has a moderately depressed stalk end.
- the fruit surface is usually smooth with an orange-red color, 32B on The Royal Horticultural Society of London Colour Chart, and bears an average number of conspicuous rind oil glands.
- Fruit ripening does not differ from outside of the canopy to the inside, but the fruit color of the outside canopy are a little brighter compared to the fruit color of the inside canopy. There is no persistence of the style and the areola is not completely developed. A navel is absent or very rare. The rind is thin and easy to peel.
- the color of the albedo is white and the flesh is orange in color.
- the fruit contains 11-13 segments and is very juicy.
- the external color of the seeds (when fresh) and dry is yellowish.
- the internal seed coat is white and the cotyledons are greenish.
- Monoembryonic seeds are present.
- the seed sizes, shape and texture are similar to that of the parent ‘Norit’.
- the fruit reaches maturity late in the season as does ‘Norit’, which in Israel was mid-January to March.
- the ripening of the fruit on the tree and within the fruit is uniform.
- Fruit remaining on the tree does not regreen and does not begin to lose quality until end of February. If there is a heavy crop and the fruits are not picked before March it may becomes an alternate bearing (lighter crop the following season).
- Pre-harvest drop of both developed and undeveloped fruit is similar to that of the parent cv. ‘Norit’.
- the juice has a very pleasant aroma and flavor.
- Sheet 1 shows the canopy shape of a typical tree of the new variety of cultivar.
- Sheet 2 shows the exterior of the variety of fruit as well as transverse midsections in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis, illustrating a single seed in the interior of the fruit.
- Botanical Citrus reticulata hybrid. Common: Mandarin citrus.
- Cultivar ‘Nora’.
- Trunk diameter 5 cm at 20 cm above the ground.
- Anther color Yellow RHS 10C.
- Rind oil gland. Conspicuous, average number (30/cm 2 ).
- Rind. Thin and easily peeled.
- Cotyledons Yellow-white RHS 158B.
- Embryony Monoembryonic.
- Size Medium (approximately 10 mm length, 5 mm width).
- the tree and its fruit as described herein may vary in slight detail due to climate and/or soil conditions under which the variety is grown.
Abstract
A new variety of mandarin citrus tree is described that is distinguished by fruit having zero or up to six seeds per fruit, flowers having anthers bearing pollen with low pollen fertility and a late ripening period.
Description
A new mandarin cultivar Citrus reticulata hybrid is described. The new variety named ‘Nora’ is desirable to the consumer because of the orange-red appearance of the fruit, and pleasant aroma of the juice and to commercial growers because of its zero to maximum six seeds per fruit and late ripening season (February to beginning of March).
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of mandarin tree of the new cultivar Citrus reticulata hybrid developed by inventors Aliza Vardi, Pinchas Spiegel-Roy, Avraham Elchanati, Ahuva Frydman-Shani and Hana Neumann in Bet Dagan, Israel from a selection of plants grown from irradiated bud wood of the cultivar ‘Norit’ (unpatented).
Asexual reproduction by conventional grafting methods of the new variety in Israel by grafting has shown that the new characteristics are stabilized and permanently fixed through successive propagation.
The objective in breeding the present new tree variety, assigned the denomination ‘Nora’, was to obtain late ripening mandarin citrus with few or no seeds. In the spring of 1989 about 400 buds of an easy peeling mandarin cultivar, ‘Norit’, were irradiated at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, by exposure to 3.5 kh of gamma radiation from a Co60 source (G.B. 150A, Atomic Energy of Canada). Troyer nucellar rootstocks were bud grafted with the individual buds of irradiated ‘Norit’ bud wood and labeled mV1. Six to nine months after grafting the irradiated budwood, individual buds from the mV1 plants were regrafted on Troyer nucellar rootstocks to establish about 500 mV2 plants.
Field planting was established from container grown mV2 plants in the spring of 1991 and again in 1993. The first fruits were observed in January-March 1994 and the second observation in January-March 1995.
One of the selections, designated 8/260/52, had medium size orange-red color fruit and was easy to peel. The selection was distinguished from ‘Norit’ by having 0-6 seeds per fruit compared with 13-25 for ‘Norit’ and having flowers with low pollen fertility, typically 14.5% stained with acetocarmine compared with 87% staining for ‘Norit’.
Some of the characteristics of the new citrus, designated ‘Nora’ were compared with the parent ‘Norit’, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 | ||||
Tree | Productivity | Size of fruit | Seeds/fruit | Pollen fertility1 |
8/260/52 | High | medium | 0-6 | 14.5% |
‘Nora’ | ||||
‘Norit’ | High | medium | 13-25 | 87% |
1 Estimated by Acetocarmine staining |
The following is a detailed description of the new mandarin citrus variety based on observations made under typical Israeli grove conditions.
The tree shape and fruit appearance is similar to that of ‘Norit’. The tree is medium in size. Small thorns, 1 mm to 3 mm are usually present in the leafy part of branches, especially in their lower portion and on the lower part of fruit bearing branches. Main branches have an upright attitude and young shoots have no anthocyanin coloration at the tip.
The bearing of the tree is regular and the productivity is relatively high, about the same as for ‘Norit’. The canopy is moderately dense. The bark of the young shoots is initially smooth and green gradually turning into a smooth greyed-green.
The leaves are similar to that of ‘Norit’. They are lanceolate, small to medium in size. Leaf blade is firm, without undulation and slightly concave in cross section. petiols are without wings.
The characteristics of the flowering and the flower parts are similar to those of ‘Norit’. Flowering for both occurs at the end of March or first half of April as measured in Bet Dagan. Both ‘Nora’ and ‘Norit’ produce about the same number of flowers and flower drop for both occurs in April. Terminal flower buds have no anthocyanin coloration. Flowers are borne singly and have an average number of stamens (about 20) with complete style development. Anther color is pale yellow. Pollen fertility is low as indicated by the observation that only 14.5% of the pollen grains were stained with acetocarmine in a test conducted at the Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, as compared with stainability of about 87% for ‘Norit’ pollen grain.
The fruit has few seeds, about 0 to 6 seeds, even when optimal pollination conditions are employed. This compares with about 13 to 25 seeds per fruit in ‘Norit’. In other respects the fruit characteristics are in the range of the parent cv. ‘Norit’. The fruit has an oblate and slightly flattened shape and is medium sized. When 50 fruits were measured, the fruit had an average weight 145.5 grams, an average height 55.4 mm, and an average diameter 72 mm The fruit has a moderately depressed stalk end. The fruit surface is usually smooth with an orange-red color, 32B on The Royal Horticultural Society of London Colour Chart, and bears an average number of conspicuous rind oil glands. Fruit ripening does not differ from outside of the canopy to the inside, but the fruit color of the outside canopy are a little brighter compared to the fruit color of the inside canopy. There is no persistence of the style and the areola is not completely developed. A navel is absent or very rare. The rind is thin and easy to peel.
The color of the albedo is white and the flesh is orange in color. The fruit contains 11-13 segments and is very juicy. The external color of the seeds (when fresh) and dry is yellowish. The internal seed coat is white and the cotyledons are greenish.
Monoembryonic seeds are present. The seed sizes, shape and texture are similar to that of the parent ‘Norit’. The fruit reaches maturity late in the season as does ‘Norit’, which in Israel was mid-January to March. The ripening of the fruit on the tree and within the fruit is uniform. Fruit remaining on the tree does not regreen and does not begin to lose quality until end of February. If there is a heavy crop and the fruits are not picked before March it may becomes an alternate bearing (lighter crop the following season). Pre-harvest drop of both developed and undeveloped fruit is similar to that of the parent cv. ‘Norit’. The juice has a very pleasant aroma and flavor.
Sheet 1 shows the canopy shape of a typical tree of the new variety of cultivar.
Sheet 2 shows the exterior of the variety of fruit as well as transverse midsections in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis, illustrating a single seed in the interior of the fruit.
The following is a detailed description of the new mandarin citrus variety ‘Nora’ based on observations made under typical Israeli grove conditions. Specific color designations set forth were determined from The Royal Horitcultural Society Colour Chart. The age of the plants at the time of the observations was four years.
Tree:
Origin.—Irradiation of cv. ‘Norit’.
Classification.—Botanical: Citrus reticulata hybrid. Common: Mandarin citrus. Cultivar: ‘Nora’.
Shape.—As shown in Sheet 1 with pruning over a perior of 4 years.
Thorns.—1-3 mm length (leafy part of branches, mostly on lower part of fruit bearing branches).
Branching.—Upright.
Canopy.—Moderately dense.
Bark.—Immature: smooth and green RHS 137B. Mature: smooth and greyed-green, RHS 189A.
Leaf.—Size: Small to medium, 64 mm length, 38 mm width. Leaf blade: Firm, slightly concave, no undulation. Petioles: Wingless and short, 12 mm in length, 2 mm in diameter, Green RHS 147B. Shape: Lanceolate. Color: Green RHS 147A (upperside); Yellow-green 147B (underside).
Habit.—Moderately vigorous.
Height.—2-3 m.
Disease resistance.—No particular susceptibility or resistance observed.
Trunk diameter.—5 cm at 20 cm above the ground.
Winter hardiness.—Winter temperature in Bet Dagan, Israel averages 4-7 degrees Centigrade.
Flower:
Color.—White 155B.
No. of petals.—5.
Flowering period.—Late March-early April in Bet Dagan, Israel.
Flower drop.—April.
Stamens.—Approximately 20.
Anther color.—Yellow RHS 10C.
Pollen ferility.—Low, 14.5% by acetocarmine staining.
Anthocyanin coloration.—None on terminal or flower buds.
Fruit:
Shape.—Oblate and slightly flattened.
Size.—Medium.
Weight.—145.5 g (average of 50 fruits).
Height.—55.4 mm.
Diameter.—72 mm.
Skin color.—Smooth, RHS 32B.
Rind oil gland.—Conspicuous, average number (30/cm2).
Style.—No persistence.
Navel.—Absent.
Rind.—Thin and easily peeled.
Albedo.—Yellow RHS 13D.
Flesh color.—Orange RHS 25A.
Fruit segments.—11-13.
Productivity.—About 30-40 kg per tree per season.
Time to maturity.—2-3 months (mid-January to March).
Fruit extract.—(Test conducted end of January, 1997 on juice of representative sample of ripe fruit). Total soluble solids (TSS) 14.9%. Acid content: 1.44%. TSS/acid ratio 10.37. Flavor: Pleasant flavor and aroma.
Seeds:
Color.—External: Yellow-white RHS 158B. Internal: Grayed-orange RHS 164A.
Cotyledons.—Yellow-white RHS 158B.
Embryony.—Monoembryonic.
Size.—Medium (approximately 10 mm length, 5 mm width).
The tree and its fruit as described herein may vary in slight detail due to climate and/or soil conditions under which the variety is grown.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of Citrus reticulata hybrid tree substantially as herein
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/716,484 USPP13461P2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2000-11-20 | Citrus tree named ‘Nora’ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/716,484 USPP13461P2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2000-11-20 | Citrus tree named ‘Nora’ |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USPP13461P2 true USPP13461P2 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
Family
ID=24878169
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/716,484 Expired - Lifetime USPP13461P2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2000-11-20 | Citrus tree named ‘Nora’ |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USPP13461P2 (en) |
-
2000
- 2000-11-20 US US09/716,484 patent/USPP13461P2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STATE OF ISRAEL-MINISTRY OF ARTICULTURE AND RURAL Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VARDI, ALIZA;SPIEGEL-ROY, PINCHAS;ELCHANATI, AVRAHAM;ANDOTHERS;REEL/FRAME:011355/0659;SIGNING DATES FROM 20001012 TO 20001025 |