USPP11260P - Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett` - Google Patents

Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett` Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USPP11260P
USPP11260P US08/899,835 US89983597V US11260P US PP11260 P USPP11260 P US PP11260P US 89983597 V US89983597 V US 89983597V US 11260 P US11260 P US 11260P
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
scarlett
fruit
muscadine grape
berries
cultivar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/899,835
Inventor
Ronald Paton Lane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc UGARF
Original Assignee
University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc UGARF
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc UGARF filed Critical University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc UGARF
Priority to US08/899,835 priority Critical patent/USPP11260P/en
Assigned to GEORGIA, UNIVERSITY OF, RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. reassignment GEORGIA, UNIVERSITY OF, RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LANE, RONALD PATON
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USPP11260P publication Critical patent/USPP11260P/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/88Vitaceae, e.g. Vitus [grape]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/08Fruits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/5377Riveter
    • Y10T29/53774Single header

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises a new and distinct plant cultivar of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. which has been given the name ⁇ Scarlet ⁇ .
  • the following traits have been repeatedly observed and are the most pronounced characteristics of this new cultivar when grown in Georgia, and which in combination distinguish it from existing cultivars:
  • the top photograph shows a large section of a mature vine, typical of the species, showing leaves and fruits.
  • the bottom photograph is a more detailed view of several clusters of ripe berries, obtained by clipping away some foliage. Both photographs show the colors as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this type. Actual leaf and fruit colors may differ from leaf and fruit colors in the photograph due to light reflectance.
  • the muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx. is a popular fresh fruit grown in the Southeastern United States. In the Georgia climate, it ripens in early autumn when few other fruits are in season. The berries are large, as compared to other grape species, and are borne in clusters of 5-7 berries. When fully ripe, the berries on existing cultivars are medium brown with slightly raised lenticels, giving a somewhat mottled appearance.
  • ⁇ Summit ⁇ (unpatented) is a muscadine grape cultivar introduced in 1977 (Lane, 1977) for the fresh fruit market in the Southeastern United States. It was developed from a cross of the cv. ⁇ Fry ⁇ (unpatented) and a germplasm, Ga.
  • ⁇ Scarlett ⁇ The plant of this invention, ⁇ Scarlett ⁇ , was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program conducted at the University of Georgia Experiment Station at Griffin, Ga. ⁇ Scarlett ⁇ originated from a sibling cross between ⁇ Summit ⁇ and ⁇ Triumph ⁇ made in 1981. The seedling was selected from a progeny of 23, and testing of the agronomic characteristics began in 1993 at two independent sites in Georgia. The new cultivar was asexually reproduced from cuttings taken from the original seedling and the new cultivar has been tested under the experimental designation GA 35-9-1. The unique features of the new cultivar have been retained.
  • One alternate method comprises layering, wherein the current season's growth is placed in a trench 4-6" deep at the base of the mother plant, still attached to the mother vine, and covered with moist material such a sphagnum moss. Rooted cuttings from the material in the trench can then be separated from the mother plant during the following dormant season.
  • Tissue culturing, or in vitro micropropagation, using meristems or nodes is another means of propagation, as is somatic embryogenesis.
  • Vines The vines of ⁇ Scarlett ⁇ grow vigorously, i.e. the growth of lateral canes on mature vines is at least 48 inches per growing season, while 36 inches per growing season is typical for the species.
  • the vines typically fill a twenty foot single-wire trellis by the end of the first growing season in Georgia, and the vines fill out a two-wire parallel trellis (i.e. 40 foot trellis) during the second growing season in Georgia.
  • the trunk caliper measurement at 12 inches above the soil line averages 1.8 inches for a typical five-year old vine.
  • Canes Lateral canes are semi-drooping and usually grow four feet or more in a season in Georgia. The color of mature canes is greyish brown and the bark is smooth. Cane diameter is 0.2 to 0.5 inches. Internode length ranges from 1 to 3 inches. Tendrils, averaging 5.2 inches in length, are unbranched and discontinuous along the nodes.
  • Foliage Leaves average 3.5 inches in length and 3.8 inches in width. The leaves are circular with broadly toothed margins and glabrous on both upper and lower surfaces. Mature upper leaf surfaces are dark green (137A, Royal Horticultural Society colour chart) and somewhat dull, while the lower leaf surfaces are light green (138A, Royal Horticultural Society colour chart) and shiny. Petiole length equals or slightly exceeds the blade middrib length and the petiole sinus is open.
  • the flowers are pistillate.
  • the petals are white and small (with the inflorescence less than 0.25 inches in diameter), which is typical for the species.
  • the nonfunctional greenish to cream-colored anthers are supported on very short filaments at the base of the ovary.
  • the flowers are short lived, lasting approximately three to five days.
  • ⁇ Scarlet ⁇ typically blooms from May 20 th through June 10 th at Griffin, Ga. Successful pollination of ⁇ Scarlett ⁇ has been accomplished with ⁇ Carlos ⁇ , ⁇ Cowart ⁇ , ⁇ Nesbitt ⁇ , ⁇ Tara ⁇ , and ⁇ Triumph ⁇ .
  • the vines produce large, reddish colored fruit, which ripen in a 2- to 3-week period beginning around September 10th in Griffin, Ga. At maturity, the berries weigh approximately 11 g each and average 17.3% soluble solids. The berries are slightly elongated and range from 7/8 to 11/4 inches in diameter, containing an average of 3.3 seeds per berry. The berries have conspicuous lenticels giving them a somewhat mottled appearance. The berries separate from the pedicel with a relatively dry stem scar, i.e. less than 25% of the berries are torn at the point of detachment from the pedicel.
  • the taste panel ratings in Table 1 reflect an overall flavor rating, in which the panelists rated the fruit on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 was “poor flavor” and 10 was “excellent flavor”.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

A new and distinct cultivar of the muscadine grape plant, Vitis rotundifolia Michx., which has an exceptionally flavorful berry, scoring higher in taste panel rankings than the current grapes that are produced commercially. The vines of this cultivar are vigorous, productive and tolerant to many diseases affecting muscadine grape plants.

Description

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinct plant cultivar of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. which has been given the name `Scarlet`. The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are the most pronounced characteristics of this new cultivar when grown in Georgia, and which in combination distinguish it from existing cultivars:
1) Vigorous vine growth, high fruit yield, and good disease tolerance.
2) Pistillate flowers produced in abundance.
3) Large, reddish colored fruit.
4) High taste-panel rankings for flavor.
5) High percentage of dry stem scar on berries.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying two color photographs show representative sections of a typical specimen of the new cultivar.
The top photograph shows a large section of a mature vine, typical of the species, showing leaves and fruits.
The bottom photograph is a more detailed view of several clusters of ripe berries, obtained by clipping away some foliage. Both photographs show the colors as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this type. Actual leaf and fruit colors may differ from leaf and fruit colors in the photograph due to light reflectance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart except where general terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx., is a popular fresh fruit grown in the Southeastern United States. In the Georgia climate, it ripens in early autumn when few other fruits are in season. The berries are large, as compared to other grape species, and are borne in clusters of 5-7 berries. When fully ripe, the berries on existing cultivars are medium brown with slightly raised lenticels, giving a somewhat mottled appearance. `Summit` (unpatented) is a muscadine grape cultivar introduced in 1977 (Lane, 1977) for the fresh fruit market in the Southeastern United States. It was developed from a cross of the cv. `Fry` (unpatented) and a germplasm, Ga. 29-49 made by Mr. B. O. Fry in 1965. The original seedling from this cross was selected in 1971 and propagates were made available to growers begining in 1974, under the experimental number `Ga. 37-40`. `Summit`s distinguishing features were its relatively large sized berry and a greater sweetness than existing cultivars at the time of its release. `Triumph` (unpatented) is another selection from the same cross made by Mr. Fry in 1965. The original seedling was identified in 1971, and the cultivar has been grown commercially for over a decade (Lane, 1980). Two distinguishing characteristics of `Triumph` are its prolific pollen production, making it an excellent planting adjacent to pistillate cultivars, and the high percentage of its berries which separate with a dry stem scar (i.e. no tear in the berry at the point of detachment from the pedicel). Despite the distinguishing characteristics of `Summit` and `Triumph`, their smaller berry size and lack of improved taste has limited their commercial acceptance over the standard, cv. `Fry`. Thus, there has been a need to develop a new cultivar that has a large berry size and a high level of sweetness which also retains important agronomic characteristics such as vigorous growth, high yield, and disease tolerance. Additionally, there is a need to develop a muscadine grape plant cultivar with a relatively dry stem scar to minimize berry damage for the fresh fruit market.
Origin of the Invention
The plant of this invention, `Scarlett`, was developed from an organized, scientifically designed breeding program conducted at the University of Georgia Experiment Station at Griffin, Ga. `Scarlett` originated from a sibling cross between `Summit` and `Triumph` made in 1981. The seedling was selected from a progeny of 23, and testing of the agronomic characteristics began in 1993 at two independent sites in Georgia. The new cultivar was asexually reproduced from cuttings taken from the original seedling and the new cultivar has been tested under the experimental designation GA 35-9-1. The unique features of the new cultivar have been retained.
Methods of Asexual Reproduction
`Scarlett` was asexually reproduced in Griffin, Ga. utilizing standard mist propagation techniques as described in Goode and Lane, (1983). No hormones were used. Four-node softwood cuttings were placed in a 50% sand and 50% peat moss medium.
Other methods of asexual reproduction are possible. One alternate method comprises layering, wherein the current season's growth is placed in a trench 4-6" deep at the base of the mother plant, still attached to the mother vine, and covered with moist material such a sphagnum moss. Rooted cuttings from the material in the trench can then be separated from the mother plant during the following dormant season.
Alternatively, rooting of hardwood cuttings is more difficult, but possible. Tissue culturing, or in vitro micropropagation, using meristems or nodes is another means of propagation, as is somatic embryogenesis.
Plant Characteristics
Vines: The vines of `Scarlett` grow vigorously, i.e. the growth of lateral canes on mature vines is at least 48 inches per growing season, while 36 inches per growing season is typical for the species. The vines typically fill a twenty foot single-wire trellis by the end of the first growing season in Georgia, and the vines fill out a two-wire parallel trellis (i.e. 40 foot trellis) during the second growing season in Georgia. The trunk caliper measurement at 12 inches above the soil line averages 1.8 inches for a typical five-year old vine.
Canes: Lateral canes are semi-drooping and usually grow four feet or more in a season in Georgia. The color of mature canes is greyish brown and the bark is smooth. Cane diameter is 0.2 to 0.5 inches. Internode length ranges from 1 to 3 inches. Tendrils, averaging 5.2 inches in length, are unbranched and discontinuous along the nodes.
Foliage: Leaves average 3.5 inches in length and 3.8 inches in width. The leaves are circular with broadly toothed margins and glabrous on both upper and lower surfaces. Mature upper leaf surfaces are dark green (137A, Royal Horticultural Society colour chart) and somewhat dull, while the lower leaf surfaces are light green (138A, Royal Horticultural Society colour chart) and shiny. Petiole length equals or slightly exceeds the blade middrib length and the petiole sinus is open.
Flowers: The flowers are pistillate. The petals are white and small (with the inflorescence less than 0.25 inches in diameter), which is typical for the species. The nonfunctional greenish to cream-colored anthers are supported on very short filaments at the base of the ovary. The flowers are short lived, lasting approximately three to five days. `Scarlet` typically blooms from May 20th through June 10th at Griffin, Ga. Successful pollination of `Scarlett` has been accomplished with `Carlos`, `Cowart`, `Nesbitt`, `Tara`, and `Triumph`.
Fruit: The vines produce large, reddish colored fruit, which ripen in a 2- to 3-week period beginning around September 10th in Griffin, Ga. At maturity, the berries weigh approximately 11 g each and average 17.3% soluble solids. The berries are slightly elongated and range from 7/8 to 11/4 inches in diameter, containing an average of 3.3 seeds per berry. The berries have conspicuous lenticels giving them a somewhat mottled appearance. The berries separate from the pedicel with a relatively dry stem scar, i.e. less than 25% of the berries are torn at the point of detachment from the pedicel. The reddish color of the `Scarlet` fruit, based on The Royal Horticultural Society of London Colour Chart falls into the greyed-red group, 182-A. This fruit color is distinct from the bronze fruit of `Triumph`, the greenish-bronze fruit of `Fry`, and the reddish bronze fruit of `Summit`. A comparison of the important fruit characteristics (size, sweetness, % dry stem scar, flavor rating) and overall yield are presented in Table 1; these observations have been made annually for three years, and the traits have been retained.
The taste panel ratings in Table 1 reflect an overall flavor rating, in which the panelists rated the fruit on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 was "poor flavor" and 10 was "excellent flavor".
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Characteristics and Yield of `Scarlett` campared to three fresh           
market muscadine grape cultivars at Experiment, Georgia, 1993-95.         
                        Soluble                                           
                              Dry                                         
                Berry   solids                                            
                              stem                                        
       Flower   Wt.     concn scar Flavor Yield                           
Cultivar                                                                  
       type.sup.1                                                         
                (g)     (%)   (%).sup.2                                   
                                   rating.sup.3                           
                                          (kg/vine)                       
______________________________________                                    
Scarlett                                                                  
       P        11.1 a.sup.4                                              
                        17.3 b                                            
                              78 a 8.2 a  34.7 a                          
Fry    P        10.9 a.sup.                                               
                        16.6 b                                            
                              53 c 6.6 b  27.2 b                          
Summit P         9.3 b.sup.                                               
                        19.1 a                                            
                              67 b 6.4 b  33.3 a                          
Triumph                                                                   
       SF        7.9 b.sup.                                               
                        17.7 b                                            
                              78 a 5.8 b  20.8 c                          
______________________________________                                    
 .sup.1 Flower type: SF = selffertile, P = pistillate.                    
 .sup.2 Percentage of berries not torn at point of detachment from pedicel
 .sup.3 Flavor ratings: 1 = poor, 2 = fair, 5 = good, 8 = very  good, 10 =
 excellent.                                                               
 .sup.4 Mean separation by Duncan's multiple range test, P = 0.05. (Steel,
 R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie, 1980, "Principles and Procedures of           
 Statistics", Second Ed.; McGrawHill, Inc., pp. 187-188.)                 

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett`, substantially as herein illustrated and described, characterized by its exceptionally flavorful grape, vigorous vine growth and high fruit yield, good disease tolerance, abundant pistillate flowers, large reddish colored fruit, and a high percentage of dry stem scar on berries.
US08/899,835 1997-07-24 1997-07-24 Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett` Expired - Lifetime USPP11260P (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/899,835 USPP11260P (en) 1997-07-24 1997-07-24 Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett`

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/899,835 USPP11260P (en) 1997-07-24 1997-07-24 Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett`

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USPP11260P true USPP11260P (en) 2000-03-07

Family

ID=25411628

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/899,835 Expired - Lifetime USPP11260P (en) 1997-07-24 1997-07-24 Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett`

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) USPP11260P (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP14193P2 (en) 2000-08-30 2003-09-30 Richard A. Schellenberg Grape named ‘Sarah Anne’
US20100242143P1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2010-09-23 Jiang Lu Muscadine grape plant named 'Majesty'

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9224P (en) * 1994-05-12 1995-08-01 Ison; William G. `Late Fry` muscadine grape
USPP9454P (en) * 1994-12-19 1996-02-20 Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. Grape plant called `Southern Home`
USPP9916P (en) * 1995-08-22 1997-06-10 Luis M. Caratan `552` Grapevine
USPP10434P (en) * 1996-08-08 1998-06-09 Sun World, Inc. Grapevine cv. `Sugrathirteen`

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP9224P (en) * 1994-05-12 1995-08-01 Ison; William G. `Late Fry` muscadine grape
USPP9454P (en) * 1994-12-19 1996-02-20 Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. Grape plant called `Southern Home`
USPP9916P (en) * 1995-08-22 1997-06-10 Luis M. Caratan `552` Grapevine
USPP10434P (en) * 1996-08-08 1998-06-09 Sun World, Inc. Grapevine cv. `Sugrathirteen`

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP14193P2 (en) 2000-08-30 2003-09-30 Richard A. Schellenberg Grape named ‘Sarah Anne’
US20100242143P1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2010-09-23 Jiang Lu Muscadine grape plant named 'Majesty'
USPP21965P3 (en) 2008-04-15 2011-06-07 Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University Muscadine grape plant named ‘Majesty’

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
USPP17223P3 (en) Grape plant named ‘Arraone’
USPP11260P (en) Muscadine grape plant named `Scarlett`
USPP18252P3 (en) Cranberry variety named ‘NJS98-23’
USPP10423P (en) Dogwood (Cornus florida) named `Am-erika Touch-O-Pink`
USPP10328P (en) Eastern redbud tree named `Covey`
USPP31654P2 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Floriana’
USPP31407P2 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Florida Onyx’
USPP32111P2 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Ga. 8-1-338’
USPP35026P2 (en) Blueberry plant named ‘BB14-232PT-2’
USPP30014P3 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Ga. 6-2-26’
USPP34989P3 (en) Blueberry plant named ‘C14-771’
US20240251690P1 (en) Vaccinium Plant Named 'BWPBLUE02'
USPP9454P (en) Grape plant called `Southern Home`
USPP31581P3 (en) Strawberry plant named ‘American Aroma 12’
USPP16478P3 (en) Grape plant named ‘Frontenac gris’
USPP21965P3 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Majesty’
USPP24142P2 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Ga. 5-1-45’
USPP16756P3 (en) Southern highbush blueberry plant named ‘Palmetto’
USPP8115P (en) Japanese pear tree "Yasato"
USPP27033P3 (en) Muscadine grape plant named ‘Ga. 1-1-48’
USPP14769P3 (en) Peach tree named ‘Platañomel’
USPP11612P (en) Southern Magnolia tree named `TMGH`
USPP17770P3 (en) Mango tree named ‘B74’
US20080184401P1 (en) Kiwi plant named SKELTON A19
USPP22078P3 (en) Grapevine plant named ‘Sugrathirtysix’

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: GEORGIA, UNIVERSITY OF, RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LANE, RONALD PATON;REEL/FRAME:008999/0583

Effective date: 19970715