USPP10956P - Hop variety named `Columbus` - Google Patents

Hop variety named `Columbus` Download PDF

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USPP10956P
USPP10956P US08/409,908 US40990895V US10956P US PP10956 P USPP10956 P US PP10956P US 40990895 V US40990895 V US 40990895V US 10956 P US10956 P US 10956P
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methyl
columbus
humulene
epoxide
selinene
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Gregory K. Lewis
Charles E. Zimmermann
Henry Hazenberg
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HUSA-CEZ LLC
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Hopunion USA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/88—Vitaceae, e.g. Vitus [grape]

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  • the field of the present invention is hops.
  • hop varieties there are at least twenty named commercially grown hop varieties in the United States today, and some seventy-five to eighty varieties that are grown around the world.
  • the varieties differ as to assorted physical features such as vine color and structure, as well as cone number, location, size and shape.
  • hops Commercial varieties of hop are female hops that exist as a perennial rootstock that produces an annual flush of above-ground, or aerial, vegetation.
  • the perennial rootstock is comprised of a woody crown with a number of main roots and sub-roots that are used for water uptake, nutrient uptake, and winter starch storage. Over the winter, the woody crown supports many buds that develop into main vines (shoots) in the spring, emerge from the ground, and extend to produce the annual above-ground vegetation. In nature, with the onset of frosts in the fall, the above-ground portion of the plant "dies-back" to ground level, and only the perennial rootstock survives into the following year.
  • a main vine consists of a single flexible cylinder that produces pairs of leaves at nodes separated by variable distances along the length of the vine.
  • the length of main vine between a pair of nodes is known as an internode.
  • a bud is produced in the junction between leaf and vine, which junction is also known by the botanical term axil.
  • Such a botanical term, as well as other botanical terms herein, are generally known to those of skill in the art, and can also be found in standard botanical texts such as Simon, E.W., et al., Lawson's Textbook of Botany--Revised, University tutorial Press Ltd., London, England, 14th Ed. 1966.
  • the bud grows and develops into a lateral, also known as a side-shoot or side-arm, with the same basic vegetative structure as the main vine.
  • the buds on the laterals develop into groups of flowers that later mature into cones (strobiles). Because the laterals produce and support the cones of the hop, the structure of the laterals strongly influences the number of cones produced and hence the ultimate commercial yield of a variety.
  • the cones are the useful brewing commodity, and are referred to as "hops" in the commercial industry.
  • Each cone is a group of flowers (inflorescence) consisting of sepals and petals (bracts and bracteoles) mounted on a central strig (or rachis).
  • the resultant structure resembles a small pine cone or fir cone but is non-woody and green in color. In nature, the bracteoles support the seed of the plant.
  • a trellis of poles and wire commonly 18 feet in height and known as a "high trellis,” supports strings that the main vines climb.
  • the main vines grow to the top of the trellis, where they produce the laterals that support the groups of flowers that develop into the cones.
  • the laterals bear cones only in the upper parts of the plant (i.e., closer to the main vine); the distance from the main vine varies from one variety to another.
  • the "HopUnion Low Trellis Hop Growing System” the vines are grown on a trellis of single rows of 10 feet in height, like wine grapes (the 10 foot trellis is referred to herein as a "low trellis").
  • the present invention provides a new variety of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), which has been named ⁇ Columbus ⁇ .
  • the new variety comprises a superior yield of cones and, as discussed below, a superior content of alpha acids in its soft resins.
  • Columbus is particularly suited for the production of beverages such as beers, ales and related alcohol-containing liquids.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a section of Columbus vine near harvest.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a low trellis planting of Columbus.
  • FIG. 3 depicts early season growth of Columbus with an internode length of about 3 inches.
  • FIG. 4 depicts Columbus on a low trellis and shows the density of the cones in the canopy (cones per lateral node).
  • FIG. 5 depicts the physical appearance of Columbus cones.
  • the present invention provides a new variety of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), named ⁇ Columbus, ⁇ that has a superior yield of cones and a superior content of alpha acids in its soft resins.
  • Columbus may be classed as a bitter hop (i.e., high in alpha acids content).
  • Columbus was bred as the result of an open-pollination cross that was carried out in 1982 at a small hop nursery near Prosser, Wash. U.S.A, and was known by the identification number 9/17. Pursuant to growth, analysis, and testing, Columbus was identified and selected from numerous candidates arising from the cross. The exact parentage of Columbus is unknown.
  • the breeding nursery that produced Columbus contained 20-30 female plants from which seed was collected en masse, and an approximately identical number of male plants were growing and flowering at the time that pollination occurred.
  • Columbus is a diploid hop.
  • Columbus is initially distinguishable on the basis of its physical characteristics, including the location of its cones, the internode distance, number of cones per node, the yield of its cones, and the physical characteristics of the cones.
  • Columbus is also distinguishable on the basis of its chemical characteristics, which are determined by chemical analyses of the soft resins and essential oils. Additionally, methods for asexual reproduction of Columbus are discussed.
  • Columbus bears a high number of cones on its laterals down to a height of about 4 feet from the ground, when grown on a high trellis.
  • a close-up Figure depicting in detail the vine structure of Columbus is presented as FIG. 1.
  • most conventional hop varieties on a high trellis do not bear significant numbers of cones below about 8 feet from the ground.
  • the internode distance on a main vine of any hop variety is important to the yield of cones because the shorter the internode length, the greater the number of yielding laterals for a given length of main vine.
  • Columbus has a shorter than average mature internode length, about 8" to 12", with an early season internode distance of about 3". (FIG. 3.)
  • the mature internode length varies from 10" to 16", with an early season internode distance of about 8".
  • the early season growth rate and length of time for hop vines to reach the top wire of a trellis vary widely due to factors such as climatic conditions and growth and harvest management, the early season growth of Columbus is generally faster than the most aroma hops (such as Tettnang, Perle, Centennial, Saaz, Spalt, Mt. Hood, Liberty, Hallertau, Hersbruck, and Fuggle), and also faster than the quicker-growing aroma hops such as Cascade and Willamette.
  • aroma hops are generally first trained between May 7 and May 10, and reach the top wire between June 20 and June 30.
  • the aroma hop Cluster and the bitter hops Galena and Chinook are typically trained about May 15 and reach the top wire from about June 20 to about June 30.
  • the bitter hops Nugget, Olympic, Eroica, and Columbus are typically trained about May 25 and reach the top wire about June 27 to about July 7.
  • Columbus typically grows slower than the other hop varieties at first, but then accelerates its growth and can grow to the top faster than Nugget on occasion.
  • Columbus is a late maturing hop, and has an early growth rate that is typical for bitter hops and for Cluster, but it is a slow starter.
  • lateral length of a hop variety can vary greatly due to factors such as climate and management practices, the laterals of Columbus are typically longer than those of aroma varieties, are typically similar in length to those of Galena and Nugget, and are typically shorter than Cluster, Chinook, Olympic and Eroica.
  • a generalization of comparative lateral lengths is as follows:
  • the head of the vine is also subject to variation depending on such factors as climatic conditions and management practices, but Columbus can be generally grouped with Cascade. Willamette, Nugget and Galena as having a moderate head, although the head of Columbus is slightly smaller and neater than typical. The head of Columbus also appears more dense than most other varieties, apparently because more laterals are developed from an equivalent vine length due to the short internode distance discussed above.
  • the leaf morphology of Columbus is typical for most commercial hop varieties, and may be summarized as set forth in the table below.
  • the leaf color of Columbus is also similar to other commercial hop varieties, although in the early part of the growing season when Columbus is slower growing than other bitter hops and Cluster, Columbus has a darker leaf, while later in the season when Columbus is faster growing, the leaf of Columbus is similar to other hops in its class. The leaf of Columbus is typically not as dark as most of the slower growing aroma hops.
  • cones are found in high number clusters borne at nodes on a lateral that are close to the main vine ("basal lateral nodes"). Progressively fewer cones are found in the clusters located at nodes progressively farther away from the main vine. Ultimately, the lateral terminates in a tip bearing a single cone.
  • Columbus yields a high number of cones at the basal lateral nodes as well as at nodes located farther away from the main vine. (FIG. 4.)
  • the basal lateral nodes of Columbus have produced up to 42 cones.
  • conventional low yielding hop varieties typically bear clusters of about 8-16 cones at basal lateral nodes
  • conventional high yielding varieties typically bear clusters of about 16-28 cones at basal lateral nodes.
  • Columbus provides an outstanding hop variety comprising the following: a plant bearing cones much lower down the main vine; a reduced internode length on the main vine, which results in a greater number of yielding laterals per given length of main vine; and, greater numbers of cones at each node, which results in greater numbers of cones on each of the yielding laterals. Accordingly, Columbus produces an outstanding yield of cones, whether grown on a high trellis or a low trellis.
  • Cones are typically described by size (large, medium, or small) and by degree of compactness (loose, medium, or tight). Size and compactness are indicative of the degree of compression (internode length) between the nodes of the central strig that subtends (supports) the bracts and bracteoles.
  • cones are often described in terms of weight, most often expressed in milligrams (mg). Light cones are usually between 120 and 160 mg in weight, heavy cones usually between 160-220 mg (kiln dry basis). Often the description includes a brief comment on general shape of the cone, such as round, ovoid, plump, etc.
  • Columbus cones are normally medium in length, typically about 1.25", medium to tight in compactness, and typically about 1" in diameter. Further, Columbus cones are typically quite rounded and plump, and weigh about 180-250 mg (kiln dry basis) at maturity. (FIG. 5.) Conversely, Chinook cones typically have bracts with the tips turned backwards (reflexed). Fuggle cones are typically square in cross-section. Nugget cones are typically compact, tight, and firm. Columbus cones are typically more dense than other commercial hop varieties, and hence typically heavier on a per cone basis. Columbus cones have little or no propensity to shatter when fresh or when properly dried.
  • Columbus Based upon sensory analyses of dried/baled leaf hop samples, Columbus has a quality profile that is similar to most other commercial hop varieties. Columbus has a mild, gentle aroma with no particular, peculiar character. However, Columbus is distinguishable from the commercial aroma varieties and Cluster by virtue of its higher resin content, which is indicated by visual inspection of the open cone and the much greater number of lupulin glands present in Columbus.
  • Chemical analysis of hops typically consists of analysis of the lupulin of the cones.
  • the lupulin consists of the following chemical components and sub-components:
  • the soft resins and essential oils are of particular relevance to the differentiation of hop varieties.
  • the soft resins there are three analogues of the alpha acids, i.e., humulone, ad-humulone, and cohumulone, and there are also three analogues of the beta acids, i.e., lupulone, ad-lupulone, and colupulone.
  • hop varieties Due to their chemical characteristics, some hop varieties are referred to as aromatic, or low alpha, hops and are known to contribute good hop flavor and aroma. Other hop varieties are high in bittering potential (i.e., high in alpha acids) and are referred to as bitter or high alpha hops. Columbus may be referred to as such a bitter or high alpha hop. Hop varieties in an intermediate varietal classification have medium levels of alpha acids and are referred to as dual-purpose hops.
  • Table 5 lists the total amount of alpha and beta acids, the ratio of alpha acids to beta acids, and estimates of the relative proportions of cohumulone and colupulone for several high alpha hops. This data was determined by HPLC analysis according to standard methods well known to those having skill in the art. (See, e.g., American Society of Brewing Chemists, "Hops Method 12: Analysis of Hops, Hop Powders and Hop Pellets by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography,” in “Methods of Analysis,” The Society, St. Paul, Mn., 8th ed. 1991.) Table 5 also gives data on storage losses, which indicate the loss of alpha acids by oxidation. The data are expressed as ranges to account for inherent biological variation from sample to sample.
  • Table 5 indicates the following: (a) Columbus has a higher content of alpha acids than the other high alpha hops; (b) Columbus' cohumulone and colupulone contents are higher than Nugget, lower than Eroica and Galena, and similar to Chinook; (c) Columbus' beta acid content is higher than Chinook and lower than Galena; (d) Columbus' alpha/beta ratio is higher than Galena or Olympic but lower than Chinook; and (e) Columbus more rapidly loses its alpha acids in ambient storage than the other varieties.
  • Table 5 shows that Columbus has an alpha acids content well in excess of 10% w/w. This distinguishes Columbus from the aromatic hops. Examples of such aromatic hops are listed in Table 6.
  • Kenny developed a key for identification of hop varieties based on the soft resin components.
  • the application of the key of Kenny to Columbus is depicted in Table 7. At each decision point, certain varieties are eliminated according to a yes/no decision. The path to Columbus is shown by the double arrow.
  • steps from the published key that did not eliminate any varieties in the present analysis have been deleted.
  • Table 7 relates to hops with a hop storage index, or HSI, well below 0.300, which indicates that the alpha and beta acids of the hops are fresh when analyzed.
  • step 1 eliminates all the aromatic hops on the basis of their low content of alpha acids and low alpha plus beta acids.
  • step 2 eliminates Eroica on the basis of high cohumulone content.
  • Step 3 eliminates Galena on the basis of high colupulone content. (Eroica is again eliminated at this step.)
  • Step 4 eliminates Nugget on the basis of low cohumulone content.
  • Step 5 eliminates Chinook on the basis of a high alpha/beta ratio, while Olympic is eliminated on the basis of a low alpha/beta ratio. Note, Chinook is also eliminated on the basis of its higher beta acid content.
  • Columbus is differentiated from all major U.S. varieties based on its soft resins content. Similarly, Columbus is distinguished from the minor U.S. hop varieties, except Aquila, Banner, and Centennial, based on soft resins content. However, Columbus is distinguished from Aquila, Banner, and Centennial by its essential oils content, as discussed below.
  • essential oils are extracted by steam distilling previously dried hops for about four hours (with the steam of the distillation condensed using a cold-finger condenser). The resultant essential oils are then examined by GLC analysis.
  • Appendix 1 Detailed essential oil analysis results of many of the world's hop varieties including all U.S. grown varieties except Mount Hood. Columbus is the final entry.
  • Appendix 2 Detailed GLC traces and listings of constituent peaks from essential oils analysis. Columbus is compared with the other U.S. high alpha hops, Galena, Chinook, and Nugget.
  • keys can be used to differentiate by essential oils content. Only United States varietal differentiations are depicted below in Tables 8 and 9, but non-United States varietal eliminations are listed in Peacock and McCarty, supra, and can be readily utilized by those having skill in the art to distinguish between those varieties and Columbus.
  • step 1 eliminates the high ⁇ -farnesene hops, i.e., Cascade, Fuggle, Saaz, Spalt, Tettnang, and Willamette.
  • step 2 eliminates the low humulene varieties, i.e., Eroica and Olympic.
  • Step 3 eliminates Galena because Columbus is unique for having no 2-tridecanone, and Columbus lacks a large peak found in Galena at 34.38 minutes (the peak is greater than 1% of the measured components of Galena).
  • Step 4 eliminates both Cluster and Nugget.
  • the remaining varieties are Columbus and Chinook. As shown in Table 7, Columbus is differentiated from Chinook by Columbus' lower alpha/beta ratio. In regard to some other varieties, Perle is eliminated by virtue of its low alpha acids content, while Columbus is distinguishable from Hersbruck, Hallertau, Liberty, and Mount Hood because Columbus has a much higher alpha acids content.
  • Table 9 depicts the key of Peacock and McCarty, which differentiates Aquila, Banner, and Centennial.
  • the data from Appendix 1 is used for all steps except step 4, for which the data in Appendix 2 (which quantifies eusdesmol) is necessary.
  • Step 1 eliminates Aquila and Eroica.
  • Step 2 eliminates the six high ⁇ -farnesene hops.
  • Step 3 eliminates Perle, Banner, Hallertau, Liberty, and Mount Hood.
  • Step 4 eliminates Hersbruck and Chinook.
  • Step 5 eliminates Cluster and Galena.
  • Table 7 does not distinguish Columbus from Nugget and Olympic. However, as discussed above, Nugget and Olympic are distinguished from Columbus by each of Table 7 and Table 8.
  • Centennial has not yet been distinguished.
  • the data in Appendix 1 show that Centennial has a ⁇ -caryophyllene level of 2.649, while Columbus has a ⁇ -caryophyllene level of 10.236. Therefore, the varieties are distinguished because they are at virtually opposite ends of the scale for ⁇ -caryophyllene.
  • Columbus is asexually reproduced according to methods well known to those having skill in the art. Such methods generally comprise one of three procedures: (a) taking rootstock cuttings known as “roots” or “strap cuts;” (b) converting vine material into woody root-like material in the field and dividing this material into “layered cuttings;” or (c) the use of softwood cuttings, which are also known as “mist cuttings," of green vegetative or shoot material, usually under greenhouse conditions. Further, traditional methods can be applied to make a cell tissue culture from Columbus. Such a cell tissue culture can be stored for extended periods, and gives rise to clones (i.e., asexual progeny) of Columbus. Columbus has been asexually reproduced on ranches associated with HopUnion USA, Inc., located in and about Yakima, Wash. U.S.A.
  • Such a procedure typically provides up to a 15-fold increase over the starting number of plants.
  • the increase may be lower where multiple rootstocks (up to 6-8) are to be planted at a single site, to form a single new composite plant.
  • main vines are grown up a string, typically to a pre-determined height of about 10 feet.
  • the string is then lowered and the newly grown main vines laid along the ground (for example, for about 8 feet).
  • the string is then re-hung so that a portion of the main vines can renew vertical growth, but in a new location.
  • Some main vines are left laying along the ground and are buried with soil, where the absence of light on the buried, green main vine stimulates it to turn woody, form buds at the nodes and swell with starch deposits.
  • the unburied portion of the vine has died back, the buried, now woody, portion is dug up and cut up into numerous layered cuttings, which are then replanted to give new plants.
  • Such a procedure provides up to about a 50-fold increase over the starting number of plants.
  • new plants are placed at the bottom of deep, open trenches, preferably in a nursery. As the plants grow, soil is periodically pushed into the trench around the vines, thereby yielding layered cuttings in a vertical plane.
  • Actively growing main vines of a plant are cut into sections comprising a half-node, a single node, or two nodes.
  • Main vines for this purpose are preferably grown in a greenhouse, where growing conditions can be maximized.
  • the cuttings are planted and stuck in a suitable medium, preferably with bottom heat and an intermittent water mist, further preferably under glass.
  • the cuttings produce a rooted plant with new main vine growth about two to three weeks after removal from the original plant.
  • These rooted softwood cuttings can be further grown in pots, in a nursery, or even in the final new plantation. Using such a procedure, it is possible to achieve up to about a 100-fold increase over the starting number of plants.

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Abstract

A new and distinct variety of hop, Humulus lupulus L., named Columbus, has a superior yield of cones and a superior content of alpha acids in its resin. The new variety was cultivated as a result of a cross at a nursery near Prosser, Wash., United States, and has been asexually reproduced in and about Yakima, Wash., United States.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/159,859, filed Nov. 30, 1993, now abandoned.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The field of the present invention is hops.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Of conventional hop varieties, there are at least twenty named commercially grown hop varieties in the United States today, and some seventy-five to eighty varieties that are grown around the world. The varieties differ as to assorted physical features such as vine color and structure, as well as cone number, location, size and shape.
Commercial varieties of hop are female hops that exist as a perennial rootstock that produces an annual flush of above-ground, or aerial, vegetation. The perennial rootstock is comprised of a woody crown with a number of main roots and sub-roots that are used for water uptake, nutrient uptake, and winter starch storage. Over the winter, the woody crown supports many buds that develop into main vines (shoots) in the spring, emerge from the ground, and extend to produce the annual above-ground vegetation. In nature, with the onset of frosts in the fall, the above-ground portion of the plant "dies-back" to ground level, and only the perennial rootstock survives into the following year.
A main vine consists of a single flexible cylinder that produces pairs of leaves at nodes separated by variable distances along the length of the vine. The length of main vine between a pair of nodes is known as an internode. A bud is produced in the junction between leaf and vine, which junction is also known by the botanical term axil. Such a botanical term, as well as other botanical terms herein, are generally known to those of skill in the art, and can also be found in standard botanical texts such as Simon, E.W., et al., Lawson's Textbook of Botany--Revised, University Tutorial Press Ltd., London, England, 14th Ed. 1966. The bud grows and develops into a lateral, also known as a side-shoot or side-arm, with the same basic vegetative structure as the main vine. The buds on the laterals develop into groups of flowers that later mature into cones (strobiles). Because the laterals produce and support the cones of the hop, the structure of the laterals strongly influences the number of cones produced and hence the ultimate commercial yield of a variety.
The cones are the useful brewing commodity, and are referred to as "hops" in the commercial industry. Each cone is a group of flowers (inflorescence) consisting of sepals and petals (bracts and bracteoles) mounted on a central strig (or rachis). The resultant structure resembles a small pine cone or fir cone but is non-woody and green in color. In nature, the bracteoles support the seed of the plant.
Complete descriptions of the botanical structure of the hop plant are given in Burgess, "Hops--Botany, Cultivation and Utilization," Weed Crop Series, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1964 and Neve, "Hops," von Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.
A trellis of poles and wire, commonly 18 feet in height and known as a "high trellis," supports strings that the main vines climb. The main vines grow to the top of the trellis, where they produce the laterals that support the groups of flowers that develop into the cones. Typically, the laterals bear cones only in the upper parts of the plant (i.e., closer to the main vine); the distance from the main vine varies from one variety to another. Under an alternative growing system, the "HopUnion Low Trellis Hop Growing System," the vines are grown on a trellis of single rows of 10 feet in height, like wine grapes (the 10 foot trellis is referred to herein as a "low trellis"). (Lewis, "The HopUnion U.S.A., Inc.--Low Trellis Hop Production System," Proc. Tech. Comm. of the IHGC of the XXXVIIIth International Hop Congress, Hereford, U.K. Published Rijksstation voor Landbouwtechniek, Merelbeke/Gent, Belgium, 17-37, 1990.) Under either system, when the cones are physiologically mature (ripe), the cones are harvested, then dried and compressed into bales for market, where the cones are typically used for the productuion of beverages such as beers, ales and related alcohol-containing liquids.
Different varieties of hops have differences in the chemical constituents of the lupulin of their cones. Accordingly, chemical analysis of such differences can be useful in distinguishing one hop variety from another. Such analysis is generally performed by high pressure liquid chromatography ("HPLC") of the soft resins along with gas liquid chromatography ("GLC") of the essential oils. Recently, Kenny developed a key for differentiation of hop varieties based on chemical analysis of the soft resins. (Kenny, "Identification of U.S. Grown Hop Cultivars by Hop Acid and Essential Oil Analyses," J. Amer. Soc. Brewing Chemists 48(1):3-8, 1990.) Further, Peacock and McCarty, as well as Kenny, have developed keys for the differentiation of hop varieties based on chemical analysis of the essential oils. (Peacock and McCarty, "Varietal Identification of Hops and Hop Pellets," Master Brewer Assoc. of the Americas Technical Quarterly 27:81-85, 1992; Kenny, supra.) These keys are based on gross differences in the amounts of, and ratios between, major constituents, which differences are large enough to overcome variation inherent in the analytical analysis of biological material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new variety of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), which has been named `Columbus`. The new variety comprises a superior yield of cones and, as discussed below, a superior content of alpha acids in its soft resins. Columbus is particularly suited for the production of beverages such as beers, ales and related alcohol-containing liquids.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts a section of Columbus vine near harvest.
FIG. 2 depicts a low trellis planting of Columbus.
FIG. 3 depicts early season growth of Columbus with an internode length of about 3 inches.
FIG. 4 depicts Columbus on a low trellis and shows the density of the cones in the canopy (cones per lateral node).
FIG. 5 depicts the physical appearance of Columbus cones.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new variety of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), named `Columbus,` that has a superior yield of cones and a superior content of alpha acids in its soft resins. Columbus may be classed as a bitter hop (i.e., high in alpha acids content). Columbus was bred as the result of an open-pollination cross that was carried out in 1982 at a small hop nursery near Prosser, Wash. U.S.A, and was known by the identification number 9/17. Pursuant to growth, analysis, and testing, Columbus was identified and selected from numerous candidates arising from the cross. The exact parentage of Columbus is unknown. The breeding nursery that produced Columbus contained 20-30 female plants from which seed was collected en masse, and an approximately identical number of male plants were growing and flowering at the time that pollination occurred. Columbus is a diploid hop.
Set forth below are various characteristics that distinguish Columbus from conventional hop varieties. Columbus is initially distinguishable on the basis of its physical characteristics, including the location of its cones, the internode distance, number of cones per node, the yield of its cones, and the physical characteristics of the cones. Columbus is also distinguishable on the basis of its chemical characteristics, which are determined by chemical analyses of the soft resins and essential oils. Additionally, methods for asexual reproduction of Columbus are discussed.
I. Physical Characteristics of Columbus A. Location of Cones
Columbus bears a high number of cones on its laterals down to a height of about 4 feet from the ground, when grown on a high trellis. A close-up Figure depicting in detail the vine structure of Columbus is presented as FIG. 1. Conversely, most conventional hop varieties on a high trellis do not bear significant numbers of cones below about 8 feet from the ground.
On a low trellis, Columbus produces significant numbers of cones down to ground level, and cones can even be found on untrained side-shoots running along the ground. (FIG. 2.) Conversely, most conventional hop varieties on a low trellis produce cones down to about 4 to 8 feet from the ground.
B. Internode Distance
The internode distance on a main vine of any hop variety is important to the yield of cones because the shorter the internode length, the greater the number of yielding laterals for a given length of main vine. Columbus has a shorter than average mature internode length, about 8" to 12", with an early season internode distance of about 3". (FIG. 3.) Conversely, in conventional hop varieties such as Nugget, the mature internode length varies from 10" to 16", with an early season internode distance of about 8". There are also "dwarf hops" in which the mature internode length varies between 5" to 8".
C. Growth Characteristics
Although the early season growth rate and length of time for hop vines to reach the top wire of a trellis vary widely due to factors such as climatic conditions and growth and harvest management, the early season growth of Columbus is generally faster than the most aroma hops (such as Tettnang, Perle, Centennial, Saaz, Spalt, Mt. Hood, Liberty, Hallertau, Hersbruck, and Fuggle), and also faster than the quicker-growing aroma hops such as Cascade and Willamette. Such aroma hops are generally first trained between May 7 and May 10, and reach the top wire between June 20 and June 30. The aroma hop Cluster and the bitter hops Galena and Chinook are typically trained about May 15 and reach the top wire from about June 20 to about June 30. The bitter hops Nugget, Olympic, Eroica, and Columbus are typically trained about May 25 and reach the top wire about June 27 to about July 7. Among this latter group, Columbus typically grows slower than the other hop varieties at first, but then accelerates its growth and can grow to the top faster than Nugget on occasion. In other words, Columbus is a late maturing hop, and has an early growth rate that is typical for bitter hops and for Cluster, but it is a slow starter.
D. Habit
In common with most other hop varieties, the main vines of Columbus are originally green in color but turn to dark red to purple as the season progresses. The main vines are ridged, and along the ridges are hooked hairs that adhere to the supporting trellis. A characteristic feature of Columbus vines, as discussed above, is the short internodes.
Although the lateral length of a hop variety can vary greatly due to factors such as climate and management practices, the laterals of Columbus are typically longer than those of aroma varieties, are typically similar in length to those of Galena and Nugget, and are typically shorter than Cluster, Chinook, Olympic and Eroica. A generalization of comparative lateral lengths is as follows:
              TABLE 1
______________________________________
Hop Variety          Length of Lateral
______________________________________
Mt. Hood, Liberty, Saaz, Spalt, Perle,
                     1'-2'
Hallertau, Tettnang, Hersbruck, Fuggle,
Centennial
Cascade, Willamette  1.5'-2.5'
Columbus, Galena, Nugget
                     2.0'-3.0'
Cluster, Chinook, Olympic, Eroica
                     2.5'-3.5'
______________________________________
Although most commercial hops have longer laterals in the head and much shorter laterals in the lower reaches of the vine. Columbus tends to have approximately even length laterals along the length of the vine. The sub-branches of the laterals develop as bunches of cones, and as set forth below, Columbus has an unusually high number of cones in each lateral bunch, typically greater than any other commercial variety.
The head of the vine is also subject to variation depending on such factors as climatic conditions and management practices, but Columbus can be generally grouped with Cascade. Willamette, Nugget and Galena as having a moderate head, although the head of Columbus is slightly smaller and neater than typical. The head of Columbus also appears more dense than most other varieties, apparently because more laterals are developed from an equivalent vine length due to the short internode distance discussed above.
In terms of overall vine morphology, Columbus tends to be stronger than the aroma varieties but slighter than the other bitter hops and Cluster. As noted above, the overall vine morphology also gives the appearance of being more dense than other commercial hop varieties.
E. Leaf Morphology
The leaf morphology of Columbus is typical for most commercial hop varieties, and may be summarized as set forth in the table below.
              TABLE 2
______________________________________
         Early Main Vine
                     Late Main Vine
                                  Lateral
Character
         Leaves      Leaves       Leaves
______________________________________
Number   2/node      2/node       2/node
Lobes    cordate - 3 35           cordate - 3
Width    3-5"        4-7"         1-2"
Length   3-5"        4-7"         1-2"
Upper Surface
         smooth      smooth       smooth
Texture
Lower Surface
         fairly rough
                     rough        slightly rough
Texture
Color    med-dark green
                     dark green   med-dark green
Margins  lightly serrated
                     moderately serrated
                                  lightly serrated
______________________________________
The leaf color of Columbus is also similar to other commercial hop varieties, although in the early part of the growing season when Columbus is slower growing than other bitter hops and Cluster, Columbus has a darker leaf, while later in the season when Columbus is faster growing, the leaf of Columbus is similar to other hops in its class. The leaf of Columbus is typically not as dark as most of the slower growing aroma hops.
F. Number of Cones per Node
Typically, cones are found in high number clusters borne at nodes on a lateral that are close to the main vine ("basal lateral nodes"). Progressively fewer cones are found in the clusters located at nodes progressively farther away from the main vine. Ultimately, the lateral terminates in a tip bearing a single cone. Columbus yields a high number of cones at the basal lateral nodes as well as at nodes located farther away from the main vine. (FIG. 4.) The basal lateral nodes of Columbus have produced up to 42 cones. Conversely, conventional low yielding hop varieties typically bear clusters of about 8-16 cones at basal lateral nodes, while conventional high yielding varieties typically bear clusters of about 16-28 cones at basal lateral nodes.
G. Yield of Cones
Due to the above discussed characteristics, Columbus provides an outstanding hop variety comprising the following: a plant bearing cones much lower down the main vine; a reduced internode length on the main vine, which results in a greater number of yielding laterals per given length of main vine; and, greater numbers of cones at each node, which results in greater numbers of cones on each of the yielding laterals. Accordingly, Columbus produces an outstanding yield of cones, whether grown on a high trellis or a low trellis.
Yield data for many hop varieties are compared with yield data for Columbus in Table 3. All hops were grown on a high trellis.
              TABLE 3
______________________________________
             Washington State
                          HopUnion
               Five-Year Average
                          1992 Average
Variety       Yield (lb/acre)
                            Yield (lb/acre)
______________________________________
Low yielding varieties
Perle                1172              1366
Tettnang           970               1140
High yielding varieties
Cluster              2018              2407
Chinook              1938              2216
Nugget                1950
                                       2829
Galena                1926
                                       2502
Columbus             --               3290
______________________________________
(Hop Growers of America, Inc., 1991-1992 Annual Statistical Report, 37th Annual HGA Convention, Portland, Oreg., 1993.)
Below in Table 4, yield data from low trellis hops grown at HopUnion farms for 1990 and 1992 are compared with experimental yield data for Columbus from 1991 and 1992.
              TABLE 4
______________________________________
Yield Data for Low Trellis Hops
             1990 Average
                        1992 Average
Variety       Yield (lb/acre)
                          Yield (lb/acre)
______________________________________
Perle        1557       1010
Tettnang          1062              800
Cascade              1415
                                     1570
Chinook              1234
                                     1017
Nugget                1712
                                     1175
Galena                1800
                                     1500
(Year: 1991)
Columbus     2832       3408
______________________________________
First year plantings of hops typically yield significantly less than mature plantings of the same varieties. However, a 1992 first year planting of Columbus on a low trellis yielded, over an area of about 4.5 acres, an average of 2547 lb/acre. Columbus produces such yields with a growth habit that presents no problems for ease of harvesting.
H. Physical Characteristics of the Cones
Cones are typically described by size (large, medium, or small) and by degree of compactness (loose, medium, or tight). Size and compactness are indicative of the degree of compression (internode length) between the nodes of the central strig that subtends (supports) the bracts and bracteoles. Also, cones are often described in terms of weight, most often expressed in milligrams (mg). Light cones are usually between 120 and 160 mg in weight, heavy cones usually between 160-220 mg (kiln dry basis). Often the description includes a brief comment on general shape of the cone, such as round, ovoid, plump, etc.
Columbus cones are normally medium in length, typically about 1.25", medium to tight in compactness, and typically about 1" in diameter. Further, Columbus cones are typically quite rounded and plump, and weigh about 180-250 mg (kiln dry basis) at maturity. (FIG. 5.) Conversely, Chinook cones typically have bracts with the tips turned backwards (reflexed). Fuggle cones are typically square in cross-section. Nugget cones are typically compact, tight, and firm. Columbus cones are typically more dense than other commercial hop varieties, and hence typically heavier on a per cone basis. Columbus cones have little or no propensity to shatter when fresh or when properly dried.
I. Disease and Pest Resistance
The susceptibility of Columbus to downy mildew (Pseudoperunospora humuli) is similar to Galena and Cluster, which are less resistant than most other commercial hop varieties. Columbus is apparently resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). Tests have indicated that Columbus can become infected with Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, hop latent virus and American hop latent virus, although it is also possible to free Columbus of these viruses by standard meristem culture techniques. Columbus has not shown any symptoms of infection when carrying these viruses, as is usual for most commercial hop varieties. Columbus shows no unusual tolerance or sensitivity to damson hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) and two spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae).
J. Quality Profile
Based upon sensory analyses of dried/baled leaf hop samples, Columbus has a quality profile that is similar to most other commercial hop varieties. Columbus has a mild, gentle aroma with no particular, peculiar character. However, Columbus is distinguishable from the commercial aroma varieties and Cluster by virtue of its higher resin content, which is indicated by visual inspection of the open cone and the much greater number of lupulin glands present in Columbus.
II. Chemical Characteristics of Columbus A. Chemical Analyses in General
Chemical analysis of hops typically consists of analysis of the lupulin of the cones. The lupulin consists of the following chemical components and sub-components:
______________________________________
Soft resins       alpha acids (humulones)
                                      beta acids (lupulones)
Hard resins
Uncharacterized resins
Waxes
Tannins
Essential oils        hydrocarbons
                                    oxygenated compounds
                                    sulfur compounds
______________________________________
Of the above components, the soft resins and essential oils are of particular relevance to the differentiation of hop varieties. In regard to the soft resins, there are three analogues of the alpha acids, i.e., humulone, ad-humulone, and cohumulone, and there are also three analogues of the beta acids, i.e., lupulone, ad-lupulone, and colupulone.
Due to their chemical characteristics, some hop varieties are referred to as aromatic, or low alpha, hops and are known to contribute good hop flavor and aroma. Other hop varieties are high in bittering potential (i.e., high in alpha acids) and are referred to as bitter or high alpha hops. Columbus may be referred to as such a bitter or high alpha hop. Hop varieties in an intermediate varietal classification have medium levels of alpha acids and are referred to as dual-purpose hops.
B. Soft Resin Characteristics
Table 5 lists the total amount of alpha and beta acids, the ratio of alpha acids to beta acids, and estimates of the relative proportions of cohumulone and colupulone for several high alpha hops. This data was determined by HPLC analysis according to standard methods well known to those having skill in the art. (See, e.g., American Society of Brewing Chemists, "Hops Method 12: Analysis of Hops, Hop Powders and Hop Pellets by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography," in "Methods of Analysis," The Society, St. Paul, Mn., 8th ed. 1991.) Table 5 also gives data on storage losses, which indicate the loss of alpha acids by oxidation. The data are expressed as ranges to account for inherent biological variation from sample to sample.
              TABLE 5
______________________________________
Parameter     Chinook   Nugget   Galena
______________________________________
Alpha acids (% w/w)
              12.0-14.0 12.0-14.0
                                 11.0-13.0
cohumulone (%)
                       30-35
                            24-30
                                        36-42
Beta acids (% w/w)
                   3.4-4.0
                             4.0-5.5
                                  7.0-9.0
colupulone (%)
                        55-66
                                50-55
                                       60-65
Alpha/beta ratio
                       3.5-4.0
                             2.5-3.0
                                    1.5-2.0
Oil content (mls/100 g)
                 1.5-2.3
                             1.2-2.0
                                    0.7-1.2
Loss of alpha acids (%)
                   35-45
                               20-35
                                         20-30
6 months storage
room temperature
______________________________________
Parameter     Olympic   Eroica   Columbus
______________________________________
Alpha acids (% w/w)
              11.5-13.5 11.0-13.0
                                 14.0-16.0
cohumulone (%)
                            38-43
                                        30-35
Beta acids (% w/w)
                   4.0-6.0
                             4.0-5.5
                                  4.5-5.5
colupulone (%)
                        57-62
                                67-70
                                       55-60
Alpha/beta ratio
                       2.0-2.7
                             2.2-2.8
                                    2.7-3.3
Oil content (mls/100 g)
                 1.4-2.0
                             0.5-1.3
                                    1.5-2.2
Loss of alpha acids (%)
                   40-55
                               35-50
                                         60-80
6 months storage
room temperature
______________________________________
Table 5 indicates the following: (a) Columbus has a higher content of alpha acids than the other high alpha hops; (b) Columbus' cohumulone and colupulone contents are higher than Nugget, lower than Eroica and Galena, and similar to Chinook; (c) Columbus' beta acid content is higher than Chinook and lower than Galena; (d) Columbus' alpha/beta ratio is higher than Galena or Olympic but lower than Chinook; and (e) Columbus more rapidly loses its alpha acids in ambient storage than the other varieties.
Table 5 shows that Columbus has an alpha acids content well in excess of 10% w/w. This distinguishes Columbus from the aromatic hops. Examples of such aromatic hops are listed in Table 6.
              TABLE 6
______________________________________
             Alpha acids content
Variety        (% w/w of cone)
______________________________________
Cascade      4.5-7.0
Cluster                    5.5-8.5
Fuggle                       4.0-5.5
Hallertau                 3.5-5.5
Hersbruck                 3.5-5.5
Liberty                      3.0-5.0
Mount Hood               5.0-7.5
Perle                         7.0-9.5
Saaz                            3.0-4.5
Spalt                           3.0-5.5
Tettnang                     4.0-5.0
Willamette                  4.0-6.0
______________________________________
As discussed above, Kenny developed a key for identification of hop varieties based on the soft resin components. The application of the key of Kenny to Columbus is depicted in Table 7. At each decision point, certain varieties are eliminated according to a yes/no decision. The path to Columbus is shown by the double arrow. In the key depicted in Table 5, as well as in the other keys discussed herein, steps from the published key that did not eliminate any varieties in the present analysis have been deleted.
              TABLE 7
______________________________________
                Major U.S. Variety Eliminations
______________________________________
1.  Fresh alpha + beta > 15%
                    →
                          NO   Cascade, Cluster,
    and Fresh Alpha > 10%      Fuggle, Hallertau,
                               Hersbruck, Liberty,
.arrow-down dbl.
       YES               Mt. Hood, Perle, Saaz,
           (High alpha hops)
                         Spalt, Tettnang,
                                       Willamette
2.  Cohumulone > 40%
                    →
                          YES  Eroica
.arrow-down dbl.
       NO
3.  Colupulone > 60%
                    →
                          YES  Galena
.arrow-down dbl.
       NO
4.  Cohumulone < 30%
                    →
                          YES  Nugget
.arrow-down dbl.
       NO
5.  Alpha/beta ratio > 3.0
                    →
                          YES  Chinook (3.5-4.0)
.arrow-down dbl.    →
                          NO   Olympic (2.0-2.7)
Columbus(2.7-3.3)
______________________________________
Table 7 relates to hops with a hop storage index, or HSI, well below 0.300, which indicates that the alpha and beta acids of the hops are fresh when analyzed. In Table 7, step 1 eliminates all the aromatic hops on the basis of their low content of alpha acids and low alpha plus beta acids. Step 2 eliminates Eroica on the basis of high cohumulone content. Step 3 eliminates Galena on the basis of high colupulone content. (Eroica is again eliminated at this step.) Step 4 eliminates Nugget on the basis of low cohumulone content. Step 5 eliminates Chinook on the basis of a high alpha/beta ratio, while Olympic is eliminated on the basis of a low alpha/beta ratio. Note, Chinook is also eliminated on the basis of its higher beta acid content.
Accordingly, Columbus is differentiated from all major U.S. varieties based on its soft resins content. Similarly, Columbus is distinguished from the minor U.S. hop varieties, except Aquila, Banner, and Centennial, based on soft resins content. However, Columbus is distinguished from Aquila, Banner, and Centennial by its essential oils content, as discussed below.
C. Essential Oils Characteristics
Detailed analysis of the essential oils allows a further differentiation of Columbus from other hops. Table 8 further distinguishes some of the varieties discussed above in Table 7, while Table 9 distinguishes varieties not distinguished above.
Extraction and analysis of essential oils are performed according to methods well known to those having skill in the art. Preferably, the essential oils are extracted by steam distilling previously dried hops for about four hours (with the steam of the distillation condensed using a cold-finger condenser). The resultant essential oils are then examined by GLC analysis.
GLC analysis for various hops are presented as Appendices 1 and 2 hereto as follows:
Appendix 1: Detailed essential oil analysis results of many of the world's hop varieties including all U.S. grown varieties except Mount Hood. Columbus is the final entry.
Appendix 2: Detailed GLC traces and listings of constituent peaks from essential oils analysis. Columbus is compared with the other U.S. high alpha hops, Galena, Chinook, and Nugget.
As with the soft resins, keys can be used to differentiate by essential oils content. Only United States varietal differentiations are depicted below in Tables 8 and 9, but non-United States varietal eliminations are listed in Peacock and McCarty, supra, and can be readily utilized by those having skill in the art to distinguish between those varieties and Columbus.
              TABLE 8
______________________________________
Key of Kenny
               Major U.S. variety eliminations
______________________________________
1.  β-Farnesene content > 1%
                     →
                           YES  Cascade, Fuggle,
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO               Saaz, Spalt
                          Tettnang, Willamette
2.  Humulene/        →
                           NO   Eroica, Olympic
    β-Caryophyllene ratio > 1.5
.arrow-down dbl.
         YES
3.  Presence of 2-Tridecanone/
                     →
                           NO   Galena
    presence of a peak @        (*see note in text)
    34.38 > 1.0%
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO
4.  β-Caryophyllene/
                     →
                           YES  Cluster, Nugget
    ∝-copaene > 20
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO
Chinook  Columbus
(12.1)     (13.4)
______________________________________
Table 8 was prepared using the data provided in Appendix 1. As shown in Table 8, step 1 eliminates the high β-farnesene hops, i.e., Cascade, Fuggle, Saaz, Spalt, Tettnang, and Willamette. Step 2 eliminates the low humulene varieties, i.e., Eroica and Olympic. Step 3 eliminates Galena because Columbus is unique for having no 2-tridecanone, and Columbus lacks a large peak found in Galena at 34.38 minutes (the peak is greater than 1% of the measured components of Galena). Step 4 eliminates both Cluster and Nugget. The remaining varieties are Columbus and Chinook. As shown in Table 7, Columbus is differentiated from Chinook by Columbus' lower alpha/beta ratio. In regard to some other varieties, Perle is eliminated by virtue of its low alpha acids content, while Columbus is distinguishable from Hersbruck, Hallertau, Liberty, and Mount Hood because Columbus has a much higher alpha acids content.
              TABLE 9
______________________________________
Key of Peacock and McCarty (1992)
             Major U.S. variety eliminations
______________________________________
Columbus
.arrow-down dbl.
1.  Humulene present
                   →
                         YES  Aquila, Eroica
.arrow-down dbl.
         YES
2.  β-Farnesene >
                   →
                         YES  Cascade, Fuggle
    5% Humulene               Saaz, Spalt,
                              Tettnang, Willamette
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO
3.  Humulene/Selinene > 20
                   →
                         YES  Banner, Hallertau,
                              Liberty, Mt. Hood,
                              Perle
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO
4.  Contains Eudesmol
                   →
                         YES  Chinook, Hersbruck
.arrow-down dbl.
         NO
5.  Cohumulone < 38%
                   →
                         NO   Cluster, Galena
.arrow-down dbl.
         YES
Columbus, Nugget,
Olympic
______________________________________
Table 9 depicts the key of Peacock and McCarty, which differentiates Aquila, Banner, and Centennial. The data from Appendix 1 is used for all steps except step 4, for which the data in Appendix 2 (which quantifies eusdesmol) is necessary. In Table 9, Step 1 eliminates Aquila and Eroica. Step 2 eliminates the six high β-farnesene hops. Step 3 eliminates Perle, Banner, Hallertau, Liberty, and Mount Hood. Step 4 eliminates Hersbruck and Chinook. Step 5 eliminates Cluster and Galena. Table 7 does not distinguish Columbus from Nugget and Olympic. However, as discussed above, Nugget and Olympic are distinguished from Columbus by each of Table 7 and Table 8.
Finally, the variety Centennial has not yet been distinguished. The data in Appendix 1 show that Centennial has a β-caryophyllene level of 2.649, while Columbus has a β-caryophyllene level of 10.236. Therefore, the varieties are distinguished because they are at virtually opposite ends of the scale for β-caryophyllene.
III. Asexual Reproduction (Propagation) of the Plant
Columbus is asexually reproduced according to methods well known to those having skill in the art. Such methods generally comprise one of three procedures: (a) taking rootstock cuttings known as "roots" or "strap cuts;" (b) converting vine material into woody root-like material in the field and dividing this material into "layered cuttings;" or (c) the use of softwood cuttings, which are also known as "mist cuttings," of green vegetative or shoot material, usually under greenhouse conditions. Further, traditional methods can be applied to make a cell tissue culture from Columbus. Such a cell tissue culture can be stored for extended periods, and gives rise to clones (i.e., asexual progeny) of Columbus. Columbus has been asexually reproduced on ranches associated with HopUnion USA, Inc., located in and about Yakima, Wash. U.S.A.
A. Asexual Reproduction by Taking Rootstock Cuttings
In the field, when main vines die back in the fall, their bases turn woody and swell with the deposition of starch reserves. These bases produce buds at the sites where the main vine nodes were previously located. The bases, usually 4"-8" long and between one-half and two inches thick, are removed by cutting with a sharp knife; other buds on the rootstock produce re-growth in the spring. The detached vine bases are then planted singly or in multiples, in pots or in the field.
Such a procedure typically provides up to a 15-fold increase over the starting number of plants. The increase may be lower where multiple rootstocks (up to 6-8) are to be planted at a single site, to form a single new composite plant.
B. Asexual Reproduction by Layered Cuttings
In the field, main vines are grown up a string, typically to a pre-determined height of about 10 feet. The string is then lowered and the newly grown main vines laid along the ground (for example, for about 8 feet). The string is then re-hung so that a portion of the main vines can renew vertical growth, but in a new location. Some main vines are left laying along the ground and are buried with soil, where the absence of light on the buried, green main vine stimulates it to turn woody, form buds at the nodes and swell with starch deposits. When the unburied portion of the vine has died back, the buried, now woody, portion is dug up and cut up into numerous layered cuttings, which are then replanted to give new plants. Such a procedure provides up to about a 50-fold increase over the starting number of plants.
In an alternative embodiment, new plants are placed at the bottom of deep, open trenches, preferably in a nursery. As the plants grow, soil is periodically pushed into the trench around the vines, thereby yielding layered cuttings in a vertical plane.
C. Asexual Reproduction by Softwood (Mist) Cuttings
Actively growing main vines of a plant are cut into sections comprising a half-node, a single node, or two nodes. Main vines for this purpose are preferably grown in a greenhouse, where growing conditions can be maximized. The cuttings are planted and stuck in a suitable medium, preferably with bottom heat and an intermittent water mist, further preferably under glass. The cuttings produce a rooted plant with new main vine growth about two to three weeks after removal from the original plant. These rooted softwood cuttings can be further grown in pots, in a nursery, or even in the final new plantation. Using such a procedure, it is possible to achieve up to about a 100-fold increase over the starting number of plants.
              APPENDIX 1
______________________________________
Detailed GLC analysis of assorted hop varieties.
Analytical Conditions: see Kenny (1990), supra.
OIL AREA PERCENTS OF COMMERCIAL HOPS
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21223   21053
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              AQUILA  AURORA
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.105   0.112
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.326
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.898   0.817
9.11 18      MYRCENE          62.462  58.731
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.171   0.159
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.076
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.370   0.754
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.243   0.228
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.262   0.234
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    1.542   0.207
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.445   0.656
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.069   0.160
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.230   0.264
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.317   0.506
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.048   0.083
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.172   0.343
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.139   0.379
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.121   0.161
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.368   0.997
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.062   0.218
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.000   0.000
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.239   0.408
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.448   1.402
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.000   0.160
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  4.104   4.403
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              1.608   1.286
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.000   0.181
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   4.371
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         1.193   14.141
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  1.462   0.310
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.341   0.635
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.311   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.270   0.132
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000   0.000
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.114   0.182
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       2.421   0.109
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       2.745   0.130
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.266   0.308
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.531   0.696
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.191   0.381
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              3.659   0.184
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.000   0.000
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    1.620   1.080
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.275   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.264   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 1.173   0.000
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.109   0.000
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.122   0.282
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.121   0.083
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.000   0.530
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.177   0.000
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.000   0.199
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.598   0.950
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.170   0.262
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.214   0.000
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.000
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.407   0.000
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21080   21287
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              BACKA   BANNER
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.000   0.110
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.129
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.275   0.842
9.11 18      MYRCENE          15.376  65.305
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.075   0.391
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.173
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.988
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.108   0.243
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.000   0.273
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.000   0.681
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.068
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.281   0.381
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.298   0.093
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.000   0.413
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.090   0.269
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.939   0.037
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.075   0.188
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.497   0.051
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.420   0.173
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.461   0.583
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.164   0.166
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.384   0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.382   0.069
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.000   0.243
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     1.442   0.046
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.685   0.173
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  10.792  5.478
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.588   0.910
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.394   0.000
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.439   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         37.338  13.256
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.000   0.157
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              1.342   0.475
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.000   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.114   0.134
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.182   0.094
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.314   0.173
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.391   0.126
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.429   0.140
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.688   0.873
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       1.075   0.478
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.263   0.126
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.201   0.100
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.871   1.945
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.269
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.081
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.359   0.082
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000   0.484
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.236   0.137
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              2.753   0.097
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.173   0.048
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   1.201   0.113
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         9.016   0.176
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.124   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              1.910   0.213
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.500   0.113
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.403   0.070
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.209   0.040
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.333   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.000   0.084
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21116
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ BREWERS 64100
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              GOLD    BULLION
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.117   0.110
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.169   0.251
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.988   0.934
9.11 18      MYRCENE          69.050  67.113
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.344   0.469
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.068   0.153
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.267   1.053
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.260   0.254
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.328   0.324
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.549   0.441
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.096   0.045
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.298   0.543
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.038
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.000   0.089
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.105   0.205
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.206   0.174
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.049   0.040
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.105   0.208
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.040   0.070
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.166   0.149
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.461   0.441
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.039   0.070
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.000   0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.085   0.064
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.105   0.154
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.000   0.119
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.179   0.156
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  6.305   6.054
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.566   0.837
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.000   0.044
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         10.326  10.525
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  1.153   0.252
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.433   0.396
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.000   0.047
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.177   0.169
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.104   0.084
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.172   0.135
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.378   0.433
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.410   0.495
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.864   0.790
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.443   0.387
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.080   0.084
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.091   0.083
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.348   0.802
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.257   0.493
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   1.003   0.060
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.000   0.051
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000   0.126
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.000   0.267
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.082   0.084
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.097   0.227
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.047   0.107
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.115   0.131
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.057   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.073   0.469
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.000   0.265
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.078   0.073
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.046   0.044
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.586   0.472
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-        21507
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 56013   CENTE-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              CASCADE NNIAL
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.098   0.155
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.110   0.127
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.933   1.125
9.11 18      MYRCENE          68.051  77.911
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.260   0.372
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.096   0.234
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.527   0.911
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.233   0.324
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.337   0.358
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.132   0.080
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.094
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.210   0.333
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.043   0.126
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.055   0.114
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.091   0.168
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.093   0.193
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.051   0.000
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.072   0.101
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.044   0.000
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.118   0.088
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.312   0.470
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000   0.054
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.000   0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.070   0.000
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.275   0.050
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.110   0.000
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.175   0.009
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  4.059   4.649
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.333   0.809
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.000   0.000
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      5.285   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         10.063  5.699
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.219   2.229
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.325   0.239
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.000   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.311   0.110
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.087   0.000
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.107   0.170
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.508   0.000
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.533   0.050
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.195   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.624   0.420
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.306   0.246
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.071   0.000
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.066   0.000
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.836   0.565
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.402   0.218
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.109   0.069
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.092   0.762
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.000   0.000
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.047   0.098
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.148   0.000
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.075   0.072
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.000   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.064   0.000
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.157   0.114
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.490   0.164
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.382   0.000
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.069   0.000
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.000
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.093   0.000
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21043
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ CHALL- 21226
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              ANGER  CHINOCK
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.078  0.102
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.192  0.270
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.765  0.768
9.11 18      MYRCENE          55.224 48.105
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.254  0.477
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.082  0.447
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.164  2.385
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.204  0.210
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.260  0.228
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.259  0.067
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.067  0.185
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.631  0.200
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000  0.398
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.337  0.099
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.241  1.211
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.323  0.199
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.076  0.043
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.000  0.162
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.189  0.158
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.164  0.530
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.714  0.400
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000  0.696
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.076  0.079
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.109  0.186
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.094  0.156
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.793  0.127
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.227  0.453
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  5.394  6.439
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.760  1.180
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.105  0.044
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      1.041  0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         17.304 14.547
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.000  0.583
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.232  1.511
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.403  0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.319  0.362
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.099  0.331
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.148  0.510
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       2.769  0.886
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       3.204  0.971
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.241  0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.810  2.685
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.409  1.493
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.105  1.965
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.000  0.288
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.397  0.512
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000  0.088
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000  0.074
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000  0.979
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.061  0.346
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000  0.446
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.135  0.089
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.106  0.066
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.048  0.131
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.232  0.122
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.250  0.153
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.063  0.136
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.356  0.268
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.163  0.000
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.077  0.248
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.057  0.119
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000  0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.076  0.524
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              65103   65103
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ CLUS-   CLUS-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              TER L-1 TER L-2
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.103   0.153
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.280   0.153
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.866   0.655
9.11 18      MYRCENE          60.712  45.653
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.536   0.335
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.483   0.525
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.641   1.178
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.268   0.235
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.295   0.210
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.370   0.229
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.075   0.070
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.244   0.220
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.187   0.271
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.342   0.310
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.447   0.399
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.721   0.555
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.250   0.467
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.165   0.158
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.060   0.100
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.126   0.242
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.347   0.259
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.372   0.374
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.071   0.075
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.082   0.158
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.953   0.855
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.533   0.648
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.180   0.352
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  4.725   8.080
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              1.801   1.927
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.073   0.108
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         13.195  20.805
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.154   0.132
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.306   0.538
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.064   0.078
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.135   0.197
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.084   0.137
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.127   0.216
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.319   0.558
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.356   0.612
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.655   1.137
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.330   0.604
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.081   0.141
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.059   0.110
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.843   1.060
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.741   0.925
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.703   0.446
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.000   0.108
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.228   0.221
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.062   0.082
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.094   0.251
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.000   0.147
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.151   0.201
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.237   0.653
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.137
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.666   1.036
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.429   0.609
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.088   0.170
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.090
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.077
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.066   0.084
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21220   21016
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              EROICA  FUGGLE
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.155   0.075
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.221
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.884   0.712
9.11 18      MYRCENE          61.773  54.039
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.237   0.157
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.124   0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.549   0.443
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.233   0.186
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.264   0.242
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    1.577   0.105
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.292   0.426
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.000   0.170
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.271   0.114
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.257   0.088
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.070   0.098
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.204   0.097
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.161   0.212
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.053   0.225
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.508   0.651
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.155   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.214   0.083
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.000   0.157
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.325   0.272
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.820   0.406
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.000   0.348
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  12.756  7.628
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.875   0.409
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.167   0.122
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   4.870
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         0.355   20.059
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.419   0.147
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.104   0.528
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.344   0.073
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.000   0.543
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000   0.090
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.060   0.173
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       2.268   0.177
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       2.562   0.186
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.424
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.293   1.092
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.167   0.573
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.000   0.147
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.000   0.117
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.606   0.397
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.091   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.949   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.077   0.080
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.228   0.064
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.437   0.080
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.156   0.126
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.164   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.878   0.087
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.000   0.279
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.088
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              1.761   0.435
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.461   0.235
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.055   0.125
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.070
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.326   0.134
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-        21014
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21102   HALL-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              GALENA  ERTAU
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.109   0.064
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.479   0.151
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.027   0.653
9.11 18      MYRCENE          55.179  53.508
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.009   0.184
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.554   0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   5.004   0.278
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.218   0.158
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.239   0.204
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    2.260   0.144
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.151   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.427   0.647
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.169   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.152   0.264
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.930   0.150
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.878   0.203
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.079   0.095
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.436   0.138
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.071   0.258
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.111   0.214
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.206   0.939
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.577   0.044
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.009   0.086
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.053   0.120
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   1.317   0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.386   0.696
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.131   0.337
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  4.602   7.238
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              2.237   0.660
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.042   0.157
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         10.599  24.799
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.180   0.000
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.281   0.670
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.076   0.132
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.000   0.227
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.054   0.113
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.101   0.214
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.465   0.190
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.544   0.207
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.069
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.586   1.250
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.300   0.653
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.142   0.151
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.064   0.136
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    1.561   0.421
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.119   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.219   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.000   0.102
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      1.725   0.071
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.186   0.125
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.064   0.111
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.000   0.099
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.237   0.239
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.134   0.357
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.100
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.579   0.638
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.263   0.263
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.059   0.125
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.075
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.000   0.064
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21135  21097
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ HERS-  HULLERER
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              BRUCK  BITTERER
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.000  0.087
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000  0.088
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.527  0.737
9.11 18      MYRCENE          44.828 52.818
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000  0.415
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000  0.168
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.066  0.844
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.147  0.207
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.145  0.212
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.000  0.092
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000  0.079
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.418  0.231
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000  0.075
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.289  0.000
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.171  0.408
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.134  0.110
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.226  0.084
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.090  0.088
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.334  0.251
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.259  0.617
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.805  0.503
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.077  0.169
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.214  0.121
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.190  0.300
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.000  0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.921  0.387
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.531  0.602
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  5.573  4.386
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.551  0.772
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.210  0.122
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.324  0.093
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         29.352 8.090
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.132  0.352
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.735  1.994
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.203  0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.326  0.273
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.103  0.352
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.248  0.574
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.306  2.221
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.335  2.426
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.191  0.399
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.330  2.714
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.746  1.516
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.141  3.993
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.146  0.364
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.580  0.241
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000  0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000  0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000  0.134
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.229  0.205
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000  0.340
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.147  0.179
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.331  0.082
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.145  0.137
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.260  0.000
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.962  0.194
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.159  0.074
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.752  0.531
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.489  0.195
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.177  0.336
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.114  0.132
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000  0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.161  0.166
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-        21113
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21457   LUB-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              LIBERTY ELSKA
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.043   0.047
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.068   0.000
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.504   0.421
9.11 18      MYRCENE          41.506  29.558
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.117   0.000
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.197   0.176
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.124   0.145
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.149   0.099
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.066   0.000
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.293   0.259
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.128   0.081
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.083   0.148
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.189   0.100
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.091   0.193
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.092   0.183
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.240   0.268
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.304   0.268
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.814   0.254
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.043   0.106
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.098   0.198
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.172   0.179
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.000   0.947
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.737   0.690
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.442   0.443
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  9.651   6.953
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.663   1.089
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.140   0.207
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.080   17.712
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         32.402  21.404
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.075   0.451
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.387   0.796
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.105   0.167
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.509   0.316
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.181   0.157
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.289   0.282
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.325   1.492
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.358   1.546
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.310   0.242
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.508   1.438
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.887   0.811
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.213   0.237
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.103   0.159
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.458   0.738
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.070
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.099   0.257
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.193   0.196
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.057   0.203
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.115   0.199
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.205   0.550
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.103   0.298
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.308   0.261
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.599   1.612
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.144   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.568   1.358
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.342   0.439
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.179   0.247
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.128   0.131
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.094
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.340   0.339
______________________________________
                                      21073
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21114   NORTH-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ NADWIS- ERN
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              LANSKA  BREWER
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.066   0.125
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.174
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.649   0.862
9.11 18      MYRCENE          44.179  55.587
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.183
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.108
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.428
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.169   0.248
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.149   0.265
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.000   0.488
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.391   0.706
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.206   0.251
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.178   0.150
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.113   0.199
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.141   0.077
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.155   0.166
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.260   0.177
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.160   0.284
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.390   0.344
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.073   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.116   0.049
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.113   0.154
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.854   0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.592   0.292
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.284   0.307
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  5.415   9.217
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.939   0.565
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.211   0.077
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      17.417  0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         18.740  21.642
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.368   0.389
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.461   0.619
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.127   0.084
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.264   0.179
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.053   0.112
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.143   0.217
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.217   0.182
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.161   0.210
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.206   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.766   1.301
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.431   0.650
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.121   0.129
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.085   0.124
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.417   0.337
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.200   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.131   0.110
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.146   0.068
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.127   0.082
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.284   0.122
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.156   0.065
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.127   0.109
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.855   0.250
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.112   0.090
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.755   0.295
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.210   0.169
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.113   0.119
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.045   0.057
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.187   0.230
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21044
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ NORTH-  21197
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              DOWN    NUGGET
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.066   0.095
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.244
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.639   0.671
9.11 18      MYRCENE          42.280  60.676
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.106   0.559
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.550
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.173   1.307
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.173   0.203
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.199   0.244
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.104   0.571
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.063
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.337   0.615
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.124
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.127   0.201
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.098   0.257
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.165   0.470
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.000   0.052
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.122   0.326
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.000   0.052
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.321   0.167
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.559   0.904
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000   0.113
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.000   0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.228   0.069
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.000   0.298
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.181   0.363
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.474   0.230
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  12.260  6.289
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.798   1.366
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.000   0.054
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.746   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         31.313  15.386
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.000   0.128
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.198   0.359
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.800   0.077
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.210   0.321
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.153   0.086
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.300   0.237
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.291   0.560
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.324   0.647
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.164
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.517   0.760
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.815   0.399
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.146   0.102
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.163   0.075
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.149   0.500
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.077
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.199   0.000
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000   0.119
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.000   0.112
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.410   0.051
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.089   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.067   0.328
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.801   0.113
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.153   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.168   0.643
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.101   0.206
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.138   0.062
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.086   0.000
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.154   0.071
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21223   21227
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              OLYMPIC PERLE
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.127   0.077
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.116   0.193
8.10 16      8-PINENE         1.037   0.618
9.11 18      MYRCENE          61.466  41.489
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.470   0.120
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.121   0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.424   0.308
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.247   0.177
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.269   0.199
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.040   0.591
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.549   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.136   0.425
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.476   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.051   0.111
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.216   0.061
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.066   0.053
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.053   0.096
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.040   0.047
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.056   0.256
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.201   0.350
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.316   0.242
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.096   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.000   0.047
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.093   0.224
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.055   0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.000   0.319
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.238   0.487
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  8.722   12.480
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.743   0.150
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.000   0.096
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   0.162
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         13.614  31.397
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.408   0.175
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.518   0.845
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.000   0.110
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.177   0.296
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.116   0.183
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.248   0.315
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.738   0.276
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.764   0.320
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.000   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.979   1.770
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.547   0.862
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.116   0.190
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.107   0.177
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.300   0.273
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.105   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.065   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   1.055   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.084   0.123
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.063   0.000
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.000   0.077
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.166   0.152
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.059   0.072
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.113   0.100
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.224   0.366
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.076   0.136
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.253   0.389
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.139   0.276
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.097   0.186
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.057   0.115
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.127   0.192
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              60052
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ PRIDE OF 21077
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              RINGWOOD SAAZ
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.089    0.049
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.043    0.000
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.690    0.486
9.11 18      MYRCENE          46.727   34.050
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.121    0.000
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000    0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.220    0.000
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.197    0.166
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.156    0.081
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.000    0.000
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000    0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.334    0.626
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000    0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.180    0.258
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.319    0.340
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.473    0.225
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.116    0.308
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.250    0.380
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.147    0.501
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.241    0.191
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.317    0.337
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.230    0.173
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.125    0.222
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.133    0.113
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.326    1.043
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.690    1.394
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.226    0.299
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  8.708    5.010
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              1.808    1.769
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.230    0.417
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000    18.900
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         1.946    18.111
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.571    0.259
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.680    0.531
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.053    0.264
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   1.932    0.255
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000    0.134
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.000    0.189
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       9.372    0.255
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       10.128   0.178
28.34
     147     METHYL           1.329    0.104
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.124    0.829
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.650    0.519
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.137    0.181
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.133    0.099
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.551    0.957
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000    0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.104    0.081
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.217    0.080
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.146    0.167
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.182    0.424
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.079    0.272
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.337    0.476
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.076    0.329
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.175    0.294
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.106    1.530
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.082    0.155
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.852    1.789
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.231    0.487
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.140    0.174
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.067    0.099
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000    0.083
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.169    0.160
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-        21173
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21186   STRISS-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              SPALTER LESPALT
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.091   0.062
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.202
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.861   0.634
9.11 18      MYRCENE          60.356  43.977
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.257
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.112
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.736
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.225   0.175
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.234   0.139
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.055   0.082
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.658   0.326
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.238   0.323
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.230   0.000
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.168   0.103
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.166   0.255
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.341   0.119
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.313   0.216
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.090   0.293
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.557   0.649
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.127   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.144   0.133
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.055   0.243
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.691   0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.612   0.385
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.179   0.509
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  2.481   10.500
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              1.180   0.570
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.211   0.091
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      14.019  0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         9.083   29.252
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.313   0.147
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.243   0.872
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.174   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.179   0.131
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000   0.088
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.137   0.233
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.130   0.237
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.069   0.281
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.118   0.082
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.398   1.364
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.226   0.824
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.119   0.210
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.000   0.196
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.479   0.255
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.063   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.193   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.073   0.205
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.233   0.000
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.155   0.172
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.139   0.540
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.106   0.152
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.137   0.150
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.425   1.140
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.854   0.609
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.186   0.141
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.064   0.144
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.092
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.093   0.191
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21049   21112
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              STYRIAN TARGET
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.089   0.119
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.328   0.406
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.795   0.865
9.11 18      MYRCENE          56.296  58.164
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.171   0.482
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000   0.461
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.753   1.408
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.207   0.228
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.229   0.226
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.057   0.366
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000   0.054
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.270   0.602
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000   0.118
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.305   0.427
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.000   0.589
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.000   0.446
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.141   0.107
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.070   0.689
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.216   0.821
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.198   0.336
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.751   0.891
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000   0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.094   0.401
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.166   0.000
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.266   0.519
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.301   1.502
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.366   0.282
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  7.269   4.952
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.196   1.912
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.096   0.214
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      4.187   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         20.607  10.291
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.106   0.221
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.527   1.123
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.000   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.000   0.233
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000   0.165
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.211   0.215
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.152   0.329
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.184   0.404
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.269   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.013   1.215
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.536   0.653
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.000   0.798
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.167   0.198
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.228   0.974
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.114
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.000   0.000
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.112   0.118
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.000   0.388
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.000   0.460
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.265   0.095
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.000   0.536
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.000   0.000
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.569   0.210
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.000   0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.394   1.253
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.119   0.266
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.119   0.114
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000   0.000
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.000   0.000
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-
                              21015  21041
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ TETT-  WTILAM-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              NANG   EITF
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.080  0.078
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000  0.217
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.753  0.741
9.11 18      MYRCENE          50.137 55.492
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000  0.234
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.000  0.000
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000  0.507
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.205  0.191
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.147  0.251
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.000  0.114
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.000  0.000
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.509  0.532
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.000  0.000
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.230  0.224
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.260  0.120
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.172  0.087
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.233  0.073
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.228  0.078
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.290  0.097
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.129  0.190
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.441  0.661
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.125  0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.199  0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.085  0.141
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.873  0.380
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.759  0.131
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.257  0.313
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  3.697  6.934
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              1.220  0.288
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.255  0.041
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      16.938 7.097
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         13.277 18.815
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.338  0.196
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.321  0.472
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.169  0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.194  0.599
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.000  0.106
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.121  0.170
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       0.166  0.245
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       0.099  0.238
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.177  0.407
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       0.532  0.970
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.317  0.493
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.114  0.107
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.059  0.099
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.574  0.142
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000  0.000
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000  0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.157  0.050
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.131  0.071
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.192  0.000
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.163  0.000
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.282  0.097
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.180  0.000
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.161  0.000
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.901  0.200
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.089  0.071
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              1.033  0.118
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.235  0.000
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.098  0.104
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.000  0.061
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000  0.000
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.131  0.457
______________________________________
GC/          TENTATIVE IDENTI-        9/17
FID  CMPD.   FICATION BY GC./ 21498   COLUM-
RT.  #       MASS SPECTROSCOPY
                              YEOMAN  BUS
______________________________________
6.42 9       A-PINENE         0.121   0.125
7.46 14      ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.455   0.066
8.10 16      8-PINENE         0.829   0.745
9.11 18      MYRCENE          51.427  42.267
9.77 22      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.659   0.370
             PROPANOATE
9.90 23      ISOAMYL ISOBUTYRATE
                              0.522   0.184
9.96 24      2-METHYL-BUTYL   1.946   0.800
             ISOBUTARATE
10.28
     26      L-LIMONENE       0.237   0.236
10.62
     27      B-PHELLANDRENE?  0.260   0.177
             C10H15
11.59
     32      trans-OCIMENE    0.159   0.168
12.45
     35      2-METHYL-BUTYL   0.180   0.090
             2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
12.68
     36      METHYL HEPTANOATE
                              0.349   0.000
12.91
     40      ISOAMYL ISOVALERATE
                              0.274   0.106
14.31
     43      METHYL 4-METHYL- 0.139   0.000
             HEXA-2-ENOATE
14.39
     45      METHYL 6-METHYL- 0.119   0.153
             HEPTANOATE
15.98
     51      METHYL OCTANOATE 0.209   0.000
16.26
     55      NONANAL          0.059   0.000
19.41
     73      METHYL NONANOATE 0.070   0.000
19.56
     75      2-DECANONE,      0.133
             A-YLANGENE
19.93
     77      A-COPAENE        0.252   0.764
21.00
     83      LINALOOL         0.379   0.417
21.31
     88      A-GURJUNENE      0.000
21.42
     89      7-METHYL-2-DECANONE
                              0.000   0.000
22.56
     93      C15H24 CALARENE? 0.123   0.252
22.72
     95      A-BERGAMOTENE,   0.000   0.000
             METHYL DECANOATE
23.01
     96      2-UNDECANONE     0.361   0.068
23.10
     97      2-DECANOL        0.268
23.44
     99      8-CARYOPHYLLENE  6.954   10.236
23.84
     102     METHYL DEC-4-ENOATE
                              0.692   0.457
24.03
     103     MW168 2-OL?      0.115   0.000
             ME 43,81,110,108
25.18
     114     B-FARNESENE      0.000   0.000
26.10
     122     HUMULENE         10.146  17.370
26.16
     123     METHYL DEC-4,8-  0.553
             DIENOATE
26.46
     129     WILEY# 123998 MW 204
                              0.439   1.992
             C15H24
26.59
     131     2-DODECANONE     0.045   0.000
27.32
     138     A-FARNESENE OR   0.223   0.508
             ZINGIBERENE
27.53
     139     CAS# 030021-74-0 0.117   0.464
27.75
     143     A-MUUROLENE      0.209   0.733
27.90
     144     B-SELINENE       2.829   1.230
28.04
     145     A-SELINENE       3.352   1.291
28.34
     147     METHYL           0.075   0.000
             ?-UNDECENOATE
29.16
     154     D-CADINENE       1.028   3.412
29.39
     155     G-CADINENE       0.484   2.048
30.34
     164     CAS# 016728-99-7 OR
                              0.134   2.809
             G-SELINENE
30.73
     166     A-MUUROLINE      0.095   0.366
31.15
     170     2-TRIDECANONE    0.313   0.000
31.36
     171     GERANYL PROPANOATE
                              0.000   0.753
31.46
     172     MW 212 METHYL    0.000   0.000
             ?-DODECENOATE
32.28
     177     trans-GERANIOL   0.363   0.180
32.54
     179     CAS# 000483-77-2 0.069   0.381
             (CALAMENENE ?)
34.38
     187     METHYL 3,6-      0.061   0.000
             DODECDIENOATE ME 79
36.42
     196     MW 210 ME 43,54,82
                              0.048   0.135
39.11
     211     CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE
                              0.061   0.235
40.23
     221     HUMULENE         0.059   0.109
             MONO-EPOXIDE I
40.28
     223     MW222 ME 43,82   0.078
41.07
     225     HUMULENE         0.161   0.358
             MONO-EPOXIDE II
41.55
     228     HUMULENE         0.073   0.167
             MONO-EPOXIDE III
41.88
     231     MW 222 ME 43,79,80
                              0.365   0.847
43.88
     242     MW 220 ME 43,79,91
                              0.000   0.455
44.73
     246     T-CADINOL        0.101   0.232
46.08
     255     T-MUUROLOL       0.062   0.111
             ME 95,121,204
47.50
     262     MW 220 ME 41,67,109
                              0.000   0.112
             DIEPOXIDE?
48.69
     268     FARNESOL         0.148
______________________________________

              APPENDIX 2
______________________________________
Detailed GLC analyses of Columbus and other U.S. high alpha
______________________________________
hops.
                                   Area %
                       COLUMBUS    GALENA
Identification
              Group    92-12-8-2   92-12-8-3
______________________________________
Apha-Pinene            0.125       0.184
Beta-Pinene   1        0.943       0.883
Myrcene       1        51.571      66.560
Methyl butyl Isobutyrate
                       0.838       3.575
Limonene      4        0.288       0.350
Linalool      3        0.470       0.294
Caryophyllene 1        6.297       3.097
Farnesene?    1        0.275       0.112
Humulene      1        11.049      5.764
Muurolene     4        0.768       0.309
Selinene      4        1.472       0.341
Geranyl Acetate
              3        0.016       0.048
delta Cadinene
              4        1.834       0.292
Gamma Cadinene
              4        1.095       0.143
Geranyl Isobutyrate
              3        1.716       0.296
Undecanone-2           1.348       0.059
Geraniol      3        0.048       0.060
Limonen-10-ol          0.155       0.021
Caryophyllene oxide
              2        0.259       0.014
Humulene epoxide I
              2        0.430       0.033
Humulene epoxide II
              2        1.450       0.068
Caryolan-i-ol 2        0.120       0.006
Humulene epoxide III
              2        0.025       0.013
Humulol       2        0.185       0.011
beta Eudesmol?
alpha Eudesmol?
Humulenol II  2        0.103
Humulene diepoxide?
              2
Major Hydrocarbons (1) 70.135      76.216
Oxidation Products (2) 2.572       0.145
Floral-Estery (3)      2.250       0.698
Citrus Piney (4)       5.457       1.435
Total Accounted For    80.414      78.494
Humulene/Caryophyllene 1.753       1.861
______________________________________
                       CHINOOK     NUGGET
Identification
              Group    92-12-9-1   92-12-9-2
______________________________________
Apha-Pinene            0.047       0.081
Beta-Pinene   1        0.435       0.667
Myrcene       1        28.469      51.972
Methyl butyl Isobutyrate
                       1.410       1.274
Limonene      4        0.136       0.183
Linalool      3        0.369       1.022
Caryophyllene 1        9.516       8.597
Farnesene?    1        0.353       0.162
Humulene      1        21.157      19.029
Muurolene     4        1.517       0.921
Selinene      4        1.385       0.818
Geranyl Acetate
              3        0.210       0.044
delta Cadinene
              4        4.215       0.926
Gamma Cadinene
              4        2.686       0.445
Geranyl Isobutyrate
              3        3.323       0.076
Undecanone-2           0.675       0.453
Geraniol      3        0.155       0.079
Limonen-10-ol          0.049       0.037
Caryophyllene oxide
              2        0.076       0.032
Humulene epoxide I
              2        0.326       0.220
Humulene epoxide II
              2        0.663       0.328
Caryolan-i-ol 2        0.088       0.015
Humulene epoxide III
              2        0.033
Humulol       2        0.379       0.040
beta Eudesmol?         0.248
alpha Eudesmol?        0.205
Humulenol II  2        0.112       0.022
Humulene diepoxide?
              2        0.316
Major Hydrocarbons (1) 59.924      80.427
Oxidation Products (2) 1.993       0.657
Floral-Estery (3)      4.057       1.221
Citrus Piney (4)       9.939       3.293
Total Accounted For    75.913      85.598
Humulene/Caryophyllene 2.223       2.213
______________________________________
Area Percent Report
Sample Name: 92-12-8-2
Pk #  Ret Time Area        Area %
                                 Identification
______________________________________
1     7.030    3884        0.031
2     7.854    1456        0.011
3     8.010    1580        0.012
4     9.053    8364        0.066
5     9.260    10821       0.086
6     9.358    15718       0.125 Alpha-Pinene
7     9.800    4213        0.033
8     10.297   2957        0.023
9     10.543   9679        0.077
10    11.097   967         0.007
11    11.242   118386      0.943 Beta-Pinene
12    11.904   1183        0.009
13    12.476   6468547     51.571
                                 Myrcene
14    12.685   4762        0.038
15    12.746   3884        0.031
16    13.064   52106       0.415
17    13.204   48568       0.387
18    13.274   105192      0.838 Methyl butyl Isobutyrate
19    13.586   36238       0.288 Limonene
20    13.797   3396        0.027
21    13.938   26704       0.212
22    14.149   4588        0.036
23    14.333   8748        0.069
24    14.520   1416        0.011
25    14.602   16543       0.131
26    14.879   17328       0.138
27    15.087   7345        0.058
28    15.212   931         0.007
29    15.420   743         0.005
30    15.506   3693        0.029
31    15.722   3398        0.027
32    15.801   10636       0.084
33    16.009   5267        0.042
34    16.069   2526        0.020
35    16.244   25684       0.204
36    16.624   3088        0.024
37    16.793   10279       0.081
38    16.915   3626        0.028
39    17.427   1969        0.015
40    17.673   67587       0.538
41    18.248   2557        0.020
42    18.354   1000        0.008
43    18.423   691         0.005
44    18.953   7042        0.056
45    19.178   7410        0.059
46    19.291   6033        0.048
47    19.466   10779       0.085
48    19.777   7142        0.056
49    19.956   4956        0.039
50    20.134   23743       0.189
51    20.364   804         0.006
52    20.742   2092        0.016
53    20.877   5423        0.043
54    20.984   1676        0.013
55    21.043   923         0.007
56    21.229   29717       0.236
57    21.448   1539        0.012
58    21.532   7494        0.059
59    21.843   8179        0.065
60    22.211   1838        0.014
61    22.295   6856        0.054
62    22.441   19924       0.158
63    22.568   2933        0.023
64    22.750   66342       0.528
65    22.922   5479        0.043
66    23.076   2236        0.017
67    23.224   1919        0.015
68    23.360   6240        0.049
69    23.682   59058       0.470 Linalool
70    23.938   25935       0.206
71    24.171   19672       0.156
72    24.285   1535        0.012
73    24.432   6320        0.050
74    24.542   1797        0.014
75    24.816   10688       0.085
76    25.028   9189        0.073
77    25.276   29524       0.235
78    25.457   3016        0.024
79    25.597   16721       0.133
80    25.737   4624        0.036
81    25.858   45802       0.365
82    26.177   789857      6.297 Caryophyllene
83    26.267   147160      1.173
84    26.483   11876       0.094
85    26.654   2115        0.016
86    26.951   19239       0.153
87    27.128   7807        0.062
88    27.262   34560       0.275 Farnesene?
89    27.452   5485        0.043
90    27.650   12130       0.096
91    27.741   32092       0.255
92    28.029   22059       0.175
93    28.286   1385879     11.049
                                 Humulene
94    28.518   174316      1.389
95    28.816   1217        0.009
96    29.099   46594       0.371
97    29.289   65255       0.520
98    29.452   50235       0.400
99    29.663   101538      0.809
100   29.743   96334       0.768 Muurolene
101   29.922   184741      1.472 Selinene
102   30.066   2003        0.016 Geranyl Acetate
103   30.168   16997       0.135
104   30.380   230089      1.834 delta Cadinene
105   30.604   137367      1.095 Gamma Cadiene
106   30.702   18692       0.149
107   30.952   9850        0.078
108   31.085   4796        0.038
109   31.312   215300      1.716 Geranyl Isobutyrate
110   31.411   169139      1.348 Undecanone-2
111   31.517   26715       0.213
112   31.630   77466       0.617
113   31.737   5913        0.047
114   31.821   6115        0.048 Geraniol
115   32.106   9621        0.076
116   32.224   20686       0.164
117   32.501   13220       0.105
118   32.620   30790       0.245
119   33.031   7712        0.061
120   33.254   2445        0.019
121   33.462   7790        0.062
122   33.722   28110       0.224
123   33.960   4270        0.034
124   34.081   2094        0.016
125   34.192   4256        0.033
126   34.312   4289        0.034
127   34.372   5764        0.046
128   34.483   5031        0.040
129   34.565   5092        0.040
131   34.901   34301       0.273
132   35.009   13488       0.107
133   35.126   5975        0.047
134   35.299   1614        0.012
135   35.487   11667       0.093
136   35.854   17035       0.135 Limonen-10-ol
137   36.161   2233        0.017
138   36.312   32546       0.259 Caryophyllene oxide
139   36.476   1067        0.008
140   36.577   2462        0.019
141   36.935   6949        0.055
142   37.071   1073        0.008
143   37.206   13125       0.104
144   37.370   2081        0.016
145   37.555   7101        0.056
146   37.672   54047       0.430 Humulene epoxide I
147   38.006   8150        0.065
148   38.127   3162        0.025
149   38.444   2423        0.019
150   38.688   30971       0.246
151   38.915   181869      1.450 Humulene epoxide II
152   39.075   15063       0.120 Caryolan-1-ol
153   39.222   3225        0.025 Humulene epoxide III
154   39.501   7444        0.059
155   39.809   1283        0.010
156   39.935   1171        0.009
157   40.158   5912        0.047
158   40.396   1243        0.009
159   40.677   52277       0.416
160   40.871   8343        0.066
161   41.254   6706        0.053
162   41.404   23253       0.185 Humulol
163   41.759   4806        0.038
164   41.946   30832       0.245
165   42.077   2776        0.022
166   42.236   2521        0.020
167   42.537   2687        0.021
168   42.964   11140       0.088
169   43.065   7509        0.059
170   43.258   23800       0.189
171   43.848   4438        0.035
172   44.637   12985       0.103 Humulenol II
173   45.039   5691        0.045
174   45.892   3866        0.030
175   46.597   1815        0.014
176   47.014   2417        0.019
177   50.412   1109        0.008
= 1.25428E + 007
______________________________________
Area Percent Report
Sample Name: 92-12-8-3
Pk #  Ret Time Area        Area %
                                 Identification
______________________________________
1     7.034    2371        0.022
2     7.855    753         0.007
3     7.988    864         0.008
4     8.623    706         0.066
5     9.056    1684        0.016
6     9.262    2429        0.023
7     9.359    19367       0.184 alpha Pinene
8     9.801    6546        0.062
9     10.096   924         0.008
10    10.318   10977       0.104
11    10.547   49458       0.469
12    10.920   660         0.006
13    11.098   1561        0.014
14    11.242   93039       0.883 beta Pinene
15    11.733   1061        0.010
16    11.901   3162        0.030
17    12.090   1322        0.012
18    12.484   6985773     66.360
                                 Myrcene
19    12.692   7230        0.068
20    12.750   5559        0.052
21    13.073   155982      1.481
22    13.217   83592       0.794
23    13.301   376416      3.575 Methylbutyl Isobutyrate
24    13.593   36853       0.350 Limoene
25    13.810   1808        0.017
26    13.942   30257       0.287
27    14.151   2083        0.019
28    14.317   15305       0.145
29    14.529   2092        0.019
30    14.609   73712       0.700
31    14.896   239176      2.272
32    15.091   5970        0.056
33    15.333   699         0.006
34    15.508   2556        0.024
35    15.713   3795        0.036
36    15.804   17078       0.162
37    16.011   59153       0.561
38    16.246   26755       0.254
39    16.818   12944       0.123
40    17.427   1728        0.016
41    17.682   151069      1.435
42    18.253   1689        0.016
43    18.730   932         0.008
44    18.953   1326        0.012
45    19.192   122003      1.159
46    19.329   5927        0.056
47    19.481   11385       0.108
48    19.791   7946        0.075
49    19.952   1333        0.012
50    20.134   5804        0.055
51    20.727   9706        0.092
52    20.879   21447       0.203
53    21.054   2750        0.026
54    21.227   17557       0.166
55    21.769   2599        0.024
56    22.298   42843       0.407
57    22.437   4686        0.044
58    22.494   4842        0.046
59    22.739   15483       0.147
60    22.234   720         0.006
61    23.358   6212        0.059
62    23.681   30996       0.294 Linalool
63    23.937   41114       0.390
64    24.168   9021        0.085
65    24.789   2293        0.021
66    25.025   2599        0.024
67    25.343   82950       0.788
68    25.449   1561        0.014
69    25.596   28078       0.266
70    25.830   3277        0.031
71    26.073   326058      3.097 Caryophyllene
72    26.267   160273      1.522
73    26.482   8286        0.078
74    26.695   887         0.008
75    26.833   1478        0.014
76    26.923   20836       0.197
77    27.019   1307        0.012
78    27.112   1737        0.016
79    27.223   11802       0.112 Farnesene?
80    27.440   2763        0.026
81    27.709   6688        0.063
82    28.023   24366       0.231
83    28.227   606830      5.764 Humulene
84    28.353   4325        0.041
85    28.485   24982       0.237
86    28.582   4950        0.047
87    28.782   837         0.008
88    29.082   8038        0.076
89    29.251   9309        0.088
90    29.429   7845        0.074
91    29.642   32547       0.309 Muurolene
92    29.716   35968       0.341 Selinene
93    29.883   5145        0.048 Geranyl Acetate
94    30.139   3103        0.029
95    30.328   30746       0.292 delta Cadinene
96    30.562   15061       0.143 gamma Cadinene
97    30.780   1170        0.011
98    31.068   2479        0.023
99    31.144   7554        0.071
100   31.383   31189       0.296 Geranyl Isobutyrate
101   31.504   6271        0.059 Undecanone-2
102   31.610   3590        0.034
103   31.720   6384        0.060 Geraniol
104   32.097   2303        0.021
105   32.222   1438        0.013
106   32.489   10866       0.103
107   32.608   3493        0.033
108   33.028   780         0.007
109   33.719   42378       0.402
110   33.949   697         0.006
111   34.181   786         0.007
112   34.478   1455        0.013
113   34.754   699         0.006
114   34.891   1927        0.018
115   35.004   1561        0.014
116   35.121   616         0.005
117   35.487   19190       0.182
118   35.892   2261        0.021 Limonen-10-ol
119   36.302   1551        0.014 Caryophyllene oxide
120   37.203   2536        0.024
121   37.660   3554        0.033 Humulene epoxide I
122   38.680   5605        0.053
123   38.888   7257        0.068 Humulene epoxide II
124   39.082   690         0.006 Caryolan-1-ol
125   40.154   1386        0.013 Humulene epoxide III
126   40.669   3261        0.031
127   40.872   1801        0.017
128   41.248   3412        0.032
129   41.399   1245        0.011 Humulol
130   41.937   4179        0.039
131   43.258   1708        0.016
Total area = 1.0527E + 007
______________________________________
Area Percent Report
Sample Name: 92-12-9-1
Pk #  Ret Time Area        Area %
                                 Identification
______________________________________
1     7.028    3603        0.029
2     7.848    1142        0.009
3     8.004    772         0.006
4     9.048    3120        0.025
5     9.253    7251        0.060
6     9.351    5689        0.047 alpha Pinene
7     9.794    4017        0.033
8     10.302   1522        0.012
9     10.538   14530       0.120
10    11.090   761         0.006
11    11.231   52365       0.435 beta Pinene
12    11.886   700         0.005
13    12.412   3424969     28.463
                                 Myrcene
14    12.648   2525        0.021
15    12.725   2971        0.024
16    13.048   23622       0.196
17    13.193   43283       0.359
18    13.268   169688      1.410 Methylbutyl Isobutyrate
19    13.576   16461       0.136 Limonene
20    13.794   2031        0.016
21    13.929   18137       0.150
22    14.311   4573        0.038
23    14.595   10186       0.084
24    14.873   11403       0.094
25    15.080   12395       0.103
26    15.413   700         0.005
27    15.501   899         0.007
28    15.700   2332        0.019
29    15.796   15536       0.129
30    16.002   9137        0.075
31    16.243   38778       0.322
32    16.787   5760        0.047
33    16.906   1286        0.010
34    17.425   608         0.005
35    17.676   114830      0.954
36    18.247   625         0.005
37    18.947   1621        0.013
38    19.175   28172       0.234
39    19.294   3311        0.027
40    19.463   9984        0.083
41    19.771   2700        0.022
42    19.947   1731        0.014
43    20.130   4426        0.036
44    20.732   2604        0.021
45    20.874   10809       0.089
46    21.044   2047        0.017
47    21.230   61271       0.509
48    21.533   14424       0.119
49    21.780   1521        0.012
50    21.843   956         0.007
51    22.211   2063        0.017
52    22.293   15179       0.126
53    22.443   32264       0.268
54    22.570   3366        0.028
55    22.756   106737      0.887
56    23.080   5302        0.044
57    23.356   6309        0.052
58    23.680   44440       0.369 Linalool
59    23.941   75567       0.628
60    24.170   15675       0.130
61    24.434   2150        0.017
62    24.524   1616        0.013
63    24.806   7293        0.060
64    25.028   2541        0.021
65    25.278   37278       0.309
66    25.346   31734       0.263
67    25.605   32557       0.270
68    25.881   90397       0.751
69    26.140   1145130     9.516 Caryophyllene
70    26.269   176130      1.463
71    26.486   9543        0.079
72    26.835   1812        0.015
73    26.988   22481       0.186
74    27.140   17473       0.145
75    27.353   42477       0.353 Farnesene?
76    27.473   5304        0.044
77    27.783   61915       0.514
78    28.035   24287       0.201
79    28.343   2545867     21.157
                                 Humulene
80    28.547   315497      2.622
81    28.832   2334        0.019
82    28.945   5985        0.049
83    29.120   75042       0.623
84    29.300   116317      0.966
85    29.469   97160       0.807
86    29.682   182550      1.517 Muurolene
87    29.764   166698      1.385 Selinene
88    29.967   25357       0.210 Geranyl Acetate
89    30.169   7062        0.058
90    30.417   507237      4.215 delta Cadiene
91    30.630   323297      2.686 gamma Cadiene
92    30.879   5404        0.044
93    31.069   10371       0.086
94    31.155   5319        0.044
95    31.332   399851      3.323 Geranyl Isoburyrate
96    31.467   81272       0.675 Undecanone-2
97    31.617   7782        0.064
98    31.730   18703       0.155 Geraniol
99    31.890   7540        0.062
100   32.109   8984        0.074
101   32.223   86628       0.719
102   32.436   9265        0.077
103   32.491   6647        0.055
104   32.620   30270       0.251
105   33.035   3306        0.027
106   33.230   743         0.006
107   33.464   4214        0.035
108   33.728   87090       0.723
109   33.951   2444        0.020
110   34.183   3253        0.027
111   34.370   4703        0.039
112   34.480   4897        0.040
113   34.758   3342        0.027
114   34.896   11595       0.096
115   35.007   14221       0.118
116   35.299   1278        0.010
117   35.489   39880       0.331
118   35.873   5944        0.049 Limonen-10-ol
119   35.982   1196        0.009
120   36.163   3016        0.025
121   36.310   9199        0.076 Caryophyllene oxide
122   36.564   1474        0.012
123   36.871   5580        0.046
124   37.205   13593       0.113
125   37.365   21562       0.179
126   37.551   3095        0.025
127   37.669   39322       0.326 Humulene epoxide I
128   37.863   1467        0.012
129   38.004   7647        0.063
130   38.124   2074        0.017
131   38.438   1793        0.014
132   38.685   50800       0.422
133   38.900   79889       0.663 Humulene epoxide II
134   39.082   10671       0.088 Caryolan-1-ol
135   39.209   4042        0.033 Humulene epoxide III
136   39.500   2852        0.023
137   39.716   694         0.005
138   39.789   600         0.005
139   40.149   3072        0.025
140   40.465   1310        0.010
141   40.672   16151       0.134
142   40.874   13029       0.108
143   41.250   10136       0.084
144   41.406   45643       0.379 Humulol
145   41.758   11528       0.095
146   41.846   13183       0.109
147   41.945   25814       0.214
148   42.073   9818        0.081
149   42.534   5222        0.043
150   42.964   29878       0.248 beta Eudesmol?
151   43.065   24765       0.205 alpha Eudesmol?
152   43.255   33781       0.280
153   43.565   1828        0.015
154   43.846   10003       0.083
155   44.289   5485        0.045
156   44.370   3097        0.025
157   44.633   13527       0.112 Humulenol II
158   45.042   12525       0.104
159   45.700   38097       0.316 Humulene diepoxide?
160   45.885   3830        0.031
161   46.615   2140        0.017
162   47.030   2967        0.024
163   48.254   4136        0.034
164   48.524   1729        0.014
165   52.198   1275        0.010
Total area = 1.20327E + 007
______________________________________
Area Percent Report
Sample Name: 92-12-9-2
Pk #  Ret Time Area        Area %
                                 Identification
______________________________________
1     7.034    1627        0.013
2     7.850    1222        0.010
3     9.051    1362        0.011
4     9.259    2214        0.018
5     9.355    9693        0.081 alpha Pinene
6     9.796    3741        0.031
7     10.309   1970        0.016
8     10.542   19685       0.166
9     11.093   943         0.008
10    11.236   79174       0.667 beta Pinene
11    11.895   2296        0.019
12    12.468   6160576     51.972
                                 Myrcene
13    12.679   3749        0.031
14    12.741   4270        0.036
15    13.058   44822       0.378
16    13.201   59258       0.499
17    13.275   151104      1.274 Methylbutyl Isobutyrate
18    13.582   21713       0.183 Limonene
19    13.800   1814        0.015
20    13.934   28562       0.241
21    14.144   933         0.007
22    14.311   6730        0.056
23    14.519   2088        0.017
24    14.609   6243        0.052
25    14.875   55333       0.466
26    15.083   3970        0.033
27    15.326   1045        0.008
28    15.416   636         0.005
29    15.503   2028        0.017
30    15.702   2642        0.022
31    15.798   10210       0.086
32    16.005   54321       0.458
33    16.241   21435       0.180
34    16.809   7970        0.067
35    17.438   1939        0.016
36    17.655   61020       0.514
37    17.783   1252        0.010
38    18.248   665         0.005
39    18.948   1086        0.009
40    19.179   60530       0.510
41    19.314   1798        0.015
42    19.462   8464        0.071
43    19.546   4332        0.036
44    19.785   6451        0.054
45    19.949   1390        0.011
46    20.130   4840        0.040
47    20.722   11806       0.099
48    20.873   1283        0.010
49    20.945   2757        0.023
50    21.226   4405        0.037
51    21.524   2418        0.020
52    21.776   2520        0.021
53    22.199   1123        0.009
54    22.294   37518       0.316
55    22.438   12669       0.106
56    22.558   1478        0.012
57    22.743   43371       0.365
58    23.076   1222        0.010
59    23.236   1059        0.008
60    23.355   8797        0.074
61    23.681   121220      1.022 Linalool
62    23.935   17913       0.151
63    24.167   9930        0.083
64    24.417   1477        0.012
65    24.798   946         0.008
66    24.923   911         0.007
67    25.023   2303        0.019
68    25.347   50189       0.423
69    25.462   730         0.006
70    25.605   63484       0.535
71    25.731   14566       0.122
72    25.863   19067       0.160
73    26.129   1019106     8.597 Caryophyllene
74    26.267   172193      1.452
75    26.484   13509       0.114
76    26.649   3488        0.029
77    26.830   1518        0.012
78    26.973   2085        0.017
79    37.057   3159        0.026
80    27.127   4597        0.038
81    27.284   19285       0.162 Farnesene?
82    27.452   4597        0.038
83    27.558   1014        0.008
84    27.766   17735       0.149
85    28.030   20185       0.170
86    28.324   2255638     19.029
                                 Humulene
87    28.509   62699       0.529
88    28.575   78837       0.665
89    28.933   16176       0.136
90    29.101   26411       0.222
91    29.319   43633       0.368
92    29.442   23012       0.194
93    29.658   109275      0.921 Muurolene
94    29.741   97039       0.818 Selinene
95    29.881   5248        0.044 Geranyl Acetate
96    30.142   4602        0.038
97    30.351   109776      0.926 delta Cadinene
98    30.580   52832       0.445 gamma Cadinene
99    30.771   1506        0.012
100   30.851   1737        0.014
101   31.082   5775        0.048
102   31.205   11532       0.097
103   31.330   9041        0.076 Geranyl isobutyrate
104   31.511   53799       0.453 Undecanone-2
105   31.717   9415        0.079 Geraniol
106   31.814   3048        0.025
107   32.085   5681        0.047
108   32.219   5853        0.049
109   32.492   1416        0.011
110   32.608   7265        0.061
111   33.033   906         0.007
112   33.253   722         0.006
113   33.712   10903       0.092
114   33.945   1308        0.011
115   34.071   2438        0.020
116   34.181   1069        0.009
117   34.368   5360        0.045
118   34.474   674         0.005
119   34.889   9616        0.081
120   35.001   4520        0.038
121   35.481   8543        0.072
122   35.853   4382        0.037 Limonen 10-ol
123   35.976   1266        0.010
124   36.154   1163        0.009
125   36.296   3788        0.032 Caryophyllene oxide
126   36.909   1692        0.014
127   37.183   9203        0.077
128   37.358   1754        0.014
129   37.660   26083       0.220 Humulene epoxide I
130   37.996   2405        0.020
131   38.673   14395       0.121
132   38.889   38989       0.328 Humulene epoxide II
133   39.079   1867        0.015 Caryolan-1 ol
134   39.922   885         0.007
135   40.138   1296        0.010
136   40.666   11481       0.096
137   40.870   4099        0.034
138   41.245   7744        0.065
139   41.397   4776        0.040 Humulol
140   41.934   9925        0.083
141   43.059   2394        0.020
142   43.254   5249        0.044
143   43.842   1927        0.016
144   44.637   2619        0.022 Humulenol II
= 1.18535E + 007
______________________________________
Reference:
       Code     Variety
       92-12-8-2
                Columbus
       92-12-8-3
                Galena
       92-12-9-1
                Chinook
       92-12-9-2
                Nugget
 Analytical Conditions: See, Nickerson and van Engel, "Hop Aroma Component
 Profile and the Aroma Unit," Journal American Society of Brewing Chemists
 50(3), 7782(1992).

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct variety of hop plant named Columbus, substantially as shown and described.
US08/409,908 1993-11-30 1995-03-22 Hop variety named `Columbus` Expired - Lifetime USPP10956P (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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US15985993A 1993-11-30 1993-11-30
US08/409,908 USPP10956P (en) 1993-11-30 1995-03-22 Hop variety named `Columbus`

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP13129P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-MiddleLate’
USPP13132P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-44’
USPP13128P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-48’
USPP13311P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-12-03 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-Late’
USPP14127P2 (en) * 2000-02-03 2003-09-02 Paul A. Gamache Hop plant named “VGXP01”
USPP24125P3 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-12-31 Hop Breeding Company, LLC. Hop plant named ‘HBC 369’

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP8812P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-06-28 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named H87311-3
USPP8824P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named 37 H87203-1"
USPP8823P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named "H87207-2"

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP8812P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-06-28 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named H87311-3
USPP8824P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named 37 H87203-1"
USPP8823P (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-07-05 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named "H87207-2"

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Title
American Society of Brewing Chemists, "α-Acids and β-Acids in Hops and Hop Extracts by HPLC (International Method)," in "Methods of Analysis," The Society, St. Paul, MN, 8th ed., 1992.
American Society of Brewing Chemists, Acids and Acids in Hops and Hop Extracts by HPLC (International Method), in Methods of Analysis, The Society, St. Paul, MN, 8th ed., 1992. *
Defendant s First Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jun. 9, 1997. *
Defendant's First Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jun. 9, 1997.
Defendants LR 56.1(a) Statement of Material Facts for Defendants First Partial Summary Judgment Motion, dated Jun. 9, 1997 (without exhibits). *
Defendants Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Their First Motion for Partial Summary Judgement, dated Jun. 9, 1997. *
Hop Growers of America, Inc., 1991 1992 Annual Statistical Report, 37th Annual HGA Convention, Portland, Oregon, 1993. *
Hop Growers of America, Inc., 1991-1992 Annual Statistical Report, 37th Annual HGA Convention, Portland, Oregon, 1993.
HopUnion s Response in Opposition to Defendants Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jul. 8, 1997 (without exhibits). *
HopUnion's Response in Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jul. 8, 1997 (without exhibits).
Kenny, Identification of U.S. Grown Hop Cultivars by Hop Acid and Essential Oil Analyses, J. Amer. Soc. Brewing Chemists 48 (1):3 8, 1990. *
Kenny, Identification of U.S. Grown Hop Cultivars by Hop Acid and Essential Oil Analyses, J. Amer. Soc. Brewing Chemists 48(1):3-8, 1990.
Lewis, "The HopUnion U.S.A., Inc.--Low Trellis Hop Production System," Proc. Tech. Comm. of the IHGC of the XXXVIIIth International Hop Congress, Hereford, U.K. Published Rijksstation voor Landbouwtechniek, Merelbeke/Gent, Belgium, 17-37, 1990.
Lewis, The HopUnion U.S.A., Inc. Low Trellis Hop Production System, Proc. Tech. Comm. of the IHGC of the XXXVIIIth International Hop Congress, Hereford, U.K. Published Rijksstation voor Landbouwtechniek, Merelbeke/Gent, Belgium, 17 37, 1990. *
Nickerson and van Engel, "Hop Aroma Component Profile and the Aroma Unit," Journal of American Society of Brewing Chemists 50(3), 77-82, 1992.
Nickerson and van Engel, Hop Aroma Component Profile and the Aroma Unit, Journal of American Society of Brewing Chemists 50 (3), 77 82, 1992. *
Peacock and McCarty, "Varietal Identification of Hops and Hop Pellets," Master Brewer Assoc. of the Americas Technical Quarterly 27:81-85, 1992.
Peacock and McCarty, Varietal Identification of Hops and Hop Pellets, Master Brewer Assoc. of the Americas Technical Quarterly 27 :81 85, 1992. *
Plaintiff s Opposition to Defendants First Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Motion, dated Jun. 25, 1997. *
Plaintiff s Statement of Specific Facts in Opposition to Defendants Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jun. 25, 1997 (without exhibits) (information subject to protective order redacted). *
Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendants' First Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Motion, dated Jun. 25, 1997.
Plaintiff's Statement of Specific Facts in Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated Jun. 25, 1997 (without exhibits) (information subject to protective order redacted).

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP13129P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-MiddleLate’
USPP13132P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-44’
USPP13128P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-10-29 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-48’
USPP13311P2 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-12-03 John I. Haas, Inc. Hop plant named ‘Millennium-Late’
USPP14127P2 (en) * 2000-02-03 2003-09-02 Paul A. Gamache Hop plant named “VGXP01”
USPP24125P3 (en) * 2011-05-20 2013-12-31 Hop Breeding Company, LLC. Hop plant named ‘HBC 369’

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