USPP10935P - Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` - Google Patents
Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP10935P USPP10935P US08/855,768 US85576897V US10935P US PP10935 P USPP10935 P US PP10935P US 85576897 V US85576897 V US 85576897V US 10935 P US10935 P US 10935P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sup
- himalaya
- cimap
- hybrid
- gomti
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 240000007707 Mentha arvensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 235000016278 Mentha canadensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000018978 Mentha arvensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000223600 Alternaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- YPHMUNZTHAUROX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNC(=O)c1ccc2-c3sc(cc3CCOc2c1)-c1ccnn1-c1ccc(F)cc1F Chemical compound CNC(=O)c1ccc2-c3sc(cc3CCOc2c1)-c1ccnn1-c1ccc(F)cc1F YPHMUNZTHAUROX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IRMYZDGTYUUDIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1cc(ccc1O)-c1cnc(Nc2ccc(cc2)N2CCN(C)CC2)c2nccn12 Chemical compound COc1cc(ccc1O)-c1cnc(Nc2ccc(cc2)N2CCN(C)CC2)c2nccn12 IRMYZDGTYUUDIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000609458 Corynespora Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
- 244000245214 Mentha canadensis Species 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 241000252254 Catostomidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014435 Mentha Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001072983 Mentha Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XHXUANMFYXWVNG-ADEWGFFLSA-N (-)-Menthyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(C)=O XHXUANMFYXWVNG-ADEWGFFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFSSJJOGTVVJJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-4,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C2C(N)=C(C#N)SC2=N1 JFSSJJOGTVVJJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menthone Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1=O NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-isomenthone Natural products CC(C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H](C)CC1=O NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-isomenthone Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C)CC1=O NFLGAXVYCFJBMK-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001605 (5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl) acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MFRCZYUUKMFJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione;1,3-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1.O=C1COC(=O)CO1 MFRCZYUUKMFJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXIPOURWZRATPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-8-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-5h-pyrido[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(C=2C=C3C4=NC(=NC(C)=C4NC3=NC=2)C2=CN(C)N=C2)C=C1 HXIPOURWZRATPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLVLXDGOVHMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clc1ccccc1-c1cc2cc(NC(=O)C3CC3)ncc2[nH]1 Chemical compound Clc1ccccc1-c1cc2cc(NC(=O)C3CC3)ncc2[nH]1 BRLVLXDGOVHMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVUAYYKZVNPKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cn1c(cc2cnc(NC(=O)C3CC3)cc12)-c1ccccc1Cl Chemical compound Cn1c(cc2cnc(NC(=O)C3CC3)cc12)-c1ccccc1Cl VVUAYYKZVNPKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHXUANMFYXWVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-menthyl acetate Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1OC(C)=O XHXUANMFYXWVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100289989 Drosophila melanogaster alpha-Man-Ia gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LBDRYAKCYJHZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(F)(F)Cn1c(cc2cc(NC(=O)C3CC3)ncc12)-c1ccccc1Cl Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cn1c(cc2cc(NC(=O)C3CC3)ncc12)-c1ccccc1Cl LBDRYAKCYJHZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000207923 Lamiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150021286 MAS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KUOGVAQYJVTWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[(5-chloro-7-pyridin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NCC1Cc2cc(Cl)cc(c2O1)-c1ccncc1 KUOGVAQYJVTWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010657 mentha arvensis oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930007503 menthone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014569 mints Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/50—Lamiaceae, e.g. lavender, mint or chia
- A01H6/504—Mentha sp., e.g. mint
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new plant variety namely Mentha arvensis ⁇ Himalaya ⁇ .
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Mentha arvensis, a member of the mint (Mentha) genus, which is a hybrid between CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka).
- Mentha arvensis a member of the mint (Mentha) genus, which is a hybrid between CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka).
- Mentha arvensis is wide-spread in tropical and subtropical climates and its oil is produced and traded in larger quantities than any of the other mint oils.
- the crude Mentha arvensis oil is rarely employed in flavoring and is used as a source of natural menthol and dementholized oil. Menthol's refreshing aroma and cooling action along with its stimulant and antiseptic qualities have led to its wide-spread use for medicinal purposes in pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics.
- the oil and its derivatives also find extensive use in flavoring confectionery and cigarettes.
- Mentha arvensis genotypes being sub-fertile in nature, there are no cross-incompatible barriers and, therefore, the practical feasibility exists for combining potentials of oil yield and its quality, and disease resistance by crossing prospective parental genotypes involving sexual hybridization in the breeding program.
- the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (Himalaya) evolved in this invention represents such an improvement combining higher oil yield and tolerance to the common diseases. This offers the growers an improved high yielding, disease tolerant variety which can be commercially cultivated to obtain higher yield of menthol rich oil.
- the present invention provides a new and distinct hybrid plant named ⁇ Himalaya ⁇ of Mentha arvensis characterized by its higher yield of oil which is rich in menthol; improved regeneration potential; tolerance to rust, alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot, and powdery mildew; vigorous growth; deep green broad thick leaves; and pinkish white flowers.
- the new variety of this invention is a Japanese mint genotype, named ⁇ Himalaya ⁇ which was created in a planned breeding program conducted by us at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India with an aim to develop a hybrid clone of Mentha arvensis combining the property of regenerability after first harvest of the herbage of the genotype CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and tolerance to leaf spot and rust diseases of the genotype CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka).
- the two genotypes were grown in alternate rows in a field plot in July 1991 at Lucknow, India facilitating pollination of CIMAP/MAH-9 flowers with CIMAP/HY-77 pollen.
- CIMAP/MAH-9 The seeds borne on CIMAP/MAH-9 were collected in October 1991 and were sown in pots under glasshouse conditions in December 1991. The resultant seedlings were space planted in the field at Lucknow in January 1992. Based on the superior performance for vigorous growth habit, oil yield and freedom from diseases, the plant of this invention (clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1) was selected for further observation and evaluation.
- the selected clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1 was grown in 3 meter rows along with its parents (cvs. Gomti and Kalka) for two consecutive years following uniform cultural practices to study oil yield and disease tolerance.
- the clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1 maintained its virogous growth, enhanced oil yield and tolerance to rust, alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew.
- This clone (CIMAP/MAS-92-1) was vegetatively propagated and grown in a replicated field trial (plot size 9 m 2 , 3 replications) along with other promising genotypes and cvs. Gomti, Kalka at Lucknow, India during 1995 to study oil yield and quality over two harvests of the herbage.
- the genotype proved significantly superior over both parental cultivars in terms of oil yield (231 kg/ha oil).
- the quality of essential oil in terms of menthol content (79%) falls between the range of that of parents.
- the genotype (CIMAP/MAS-92-1 ) 2 was evaluated in a replicated field trial (plot size 25 m 2 , 3 replications) along with parents and another commercial cultivar (Shivalik) over two harvests of the herbage at two locations (Lucknow and Pantnagar) to study oil yield, quality and natural disease incidence.
- the clone (CIMAP/MAS-92-1) proved significantly superior over its parents and local check in both the harvests by yielding 444 kg/ha oil at Lucknow and 284 kg/ha oil at Pantnagar.
- the quality of the essential oil as reflected in terms of menthol content was significantly superior to the parent cv. Gomti at both locations.
- the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 was found to be free from the common diseases as compared to cv. Gomti and cv. Shivalik both at Lucknow and Pantnagar, India.
- genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 has remained stable and uniform for its morphological characters and showed consistency in performance for various oil yield and quality attributes during its evaluation and vegetative multiplication since 1992.
- a single variant differing only in colour of the foliage (yellowish green) from normal population of CIMAP/MAS-92-1 with deep green foliage was identified in sucker production block through vegetative multiplication in a population of 800 plants covering an area of 130 square meter in 1993. The frequency of the occurrence of the variant was 0.12%. No variant has been recovered in much larger multiplication, testing and experimental plots screened carefully in 1994, 1995, 1996 cropping seasons.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of field grown plants of CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (cv. Himalaya) depicting broad, deep green foilage;
- FIG. 2 is a close-up colour photograph of a single flower bearing twig depicting typical pinkish white flowers on the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (cv. Himalaya).
- genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 processes broad, thick, leathery, deep green leaves (R.H.S. 138B) and pinkish white flowers which are quite clear from FIGS. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
- the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 is distinct in regeneration potential in second harvest which is reflected in significantly higher oil yield as compared to other varieties.
- ⁇ Himalaya's ⁇ RAPD profile was different from those of the Kalka and Gomti cultivars and had certain features common to both.
- Gomti and Kalka have a greater genetic distance (or lesser similarity) compared to Himalaya and Gomti pair (Column I) followed by Kalka and Himalaya pair (column III).
- the primer MAP03 showed 100% band similarity between Kalka and Himalaya compared to 92.3 shown by other two pairs.
- MAP05 showed a closer relatedness (100% band similarity) between Himalay and Gomti compared to 93.3% by other pairs.
- MAP12 shows much higher similarity of Himalaya to Gomti as well as Kalka (band similarity of 66.6%) compared to that between Gomti and Kalka (50% band similarity).
- Oil content in the fresh herb 0.7.
- the variety ⁇ Himalaya ⁇ has several morphological characters that are intermediate of those of the varieties Gomti and Kalka.
- the optimal harvesting date is 10th May and second harvesting date 20th July.
- the oil yield and quality during the first and second harvests are as follows:
- Fertilizer requirements are 200:60:60 Kg/ha of N 2 :P 2 O 5 K 2 O at Lucknow and 150:40:40 Kg/ha of N 2 :P 2 O 5 K 2 O at Pantnagar in the form of Urea: Single super phosphate: Murate of potash.
- Stem colour Green (143C), Lower part purple (70A) pigmented.
- Internode length 4.5 cm at 5 th internode.
- CIMAP/MAS-92-1 ( ⁇ Himalaya ⁇ ) was bred at the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) under the genetic improvement program on mints.
- CIMAP Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A new and distinct hybrid plant named `Himalaya` (Mentha arvensis) characterized by its higher yield of oil which is rich in menthol, improved regeneration potential, vigorous growth, deep green broad thick leaves, pinkish white flowers and tolerance to rust such as alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew.
Description
The present invention relates to a new plant variety namely Mentha arvensis `Himalaya`.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Mentha arvensis, a member of the mint (Mentha) genus, which is a hybrid between CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka). The commercial cultivation of Mentha arvensis is wide-spread in tropical and subtropical climates and its oil is produced and traded in larger quantities than any of the other mint oils. The crude Mentha arvensis oil is rarely employed in flavoring and is used as a source of natural menthol and dementholized oil. Menthol's refreshing aroma and cooling action along with its stimulant and antiseptic qualities have led to its wide-spread use for medicinal purposes in pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics. The oil and its derivatives also find extensive use in flavoring confectionery and cigarettes. In spite of the limitations of Mentha arvensis genotypes being sub-fertile in nature, there are no cross-incompatible barriers and, therefore, the practical feasibility exists for combining potentials of oil yield and its quality, and disease resistance by crossing prospective parental genotypes involving sexual hybridization in the breeding program. The genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (Himalaya) evolved in this invention represents such an improvement combining higher oil yield and tolerance to the common diseases. This offers the growers an improved high yielding, disease tolerant variety which can be commercially cultivated to obtain higher yield of menthol rich oil.
The present invention provides a new and distinct hybrid plant named `Himalaya` of Mentha arvensis characterized by its higher yield of oil which is rich in menthol; improved regeneration potential; tolerance to rust, alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot, and powdery mildew; vigorous growth; deep green broad thick leaves; and pinkish white flowers.
A new and distinct hybrid plant named `Himalaya` of Mentha arvensis having the following combination of characters:
(a) deep green foliage with broad, thick and leathery leaves, and pinkish white flowers;
(b) regeneration potential in second harvest;
(c) resistance to leaf rust and alternaria leaf spot and toleration to corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew;
(d) RAPD profile for PCR amplified DNA segment using twelve primers distinct from other existing varieties known to applicants, and
(e) high oil yield under different environments.
The new variety of this invention is a Japanese mint genotype, named `Himalaya` which was created in a planned breeding program conducted by us at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India with an aim to develop a hybrid clone of Mentha arvensis combining the property of regenerability after first harvest of the herbage of the genotype CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and tolerance to leaf spot and rust diseases of the genotype CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka). For this purpose the two genotypes were grown in alternate rows in a field plot in July 1991 at Lucknow, India facilitating pollination of CIMAP/MAH-9 flowers with CIMAP/HY-77 pollen. The seeds borne on CIMAP/MAH-9 were collected in October 1991 and were sown in pots under glasshouse conditions in December 1991. The resultant seedlings were space planted in the field at Lucknow in January 1992. Based on the superior performance for vigorous growth habit, oil yield and freedom from diseases, the plant of this invention (clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1) was selected for further observation and evaluation.
Considering the superior characteristics like excellent vigor, enhanced yield, regeneration potential and freedom from common diseases, it was asexually reproduced through stolons (suckers) to maintain clonal purity. The selected clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1 was grown in 3 meter rows along with its parents (cvs. Gomti and Kalka) for two consecutive years following uniform cultural practices to study oil yield and disease tolerance. The clone CIMAP/MAS-92-1 maintained its virogous growth, enhanced oil yield and tolerance to rust, alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew.
This clone (CIMAP/MAS-92-1) was vegetatively propagated and grown in a replicated field trial (plot size 9 m2, 3 replications) along with other promising genotypes and cvs. Gomti, Kalka at Lucknow, India during 1995 to study oil yield and quality over two harvests of the herbage. The genotype proved significantly superior over both parental cultivars in terms of oil yield (231 kg/ha oil). The quality of essential oil in terms of menthol content (79%) falls between the range of that of parents.
In the subsequent year (1996), the genotype (CIMAP/MAS-92-1 )2 was evaluated in a replicated field trial (plot size 25 m2, 3 replications) along with parents and another commercial cultivar (Shivalik) over two harvests of the herbage at two locations (Lucknow and Pantnagar) to study oil yield, quality and natural disease incidence. The clone (CIMAP/MAS-92-1) proved significantly superior over its parents and local check in both the harvests by yielding 444 kg/ha oil at Lucknow and 284 kg/ha oil at Pantnagar. The quality of the essential oil as reflected in terms of menthol content was significantly superior to the parent cv. Gomti at both locations. Like the cv. Kalka, the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 was found to be free from the common diseases as compared to cv. Gomti and cv. Shivalik both at Lucknow and Pantnagar, India.
The genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 has remained stable and uniform for its morphological characters and showed consistency in performance for various oil yield and quality attributes during its evaluation and vegetative multiplication since 1992.
Type and frequency of variants during reproduction and multiplication and identification of the variant:
A single variant differing only in colour of the foliage (yellowish green) from normal population of CIMAP/MAS-92-1 with deep green foliage was identified in sucker production block through vegetative multiplication in a population of 800 plants covering an area of 130 square meter in 1993. The frequency of the occurrence of the variant was 0.12%. No variant has been recovered in much larger multiplication, testing and experimental plots screened carefully in 1994, 1995, 1996 cropping seasons.
Brief description of the accompanying drawings, and in these drawings:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of field grown plants of CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (cv. Himalaya) depicting broad, deep green foilage; and
FIG. 2 is a close-up colour photograph of a single flower bearing twig depicting typical pinkish white flowers on the genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (cv. Himalaya).
The genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 processes broad, thick, leathery, deep green leaves (R.H.S. 138B) and pinkish white flowers which are quite clear from FIGS. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
The genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 is distinct in regeneration potential in second harvest which is reflected in significantly higher oil yield as compared to other varieties.
`Himalaya's` RAPD profile was different from those of the Kalka and Gomti cultivars and had certain features common to both.
Using 12 random primers (MAP01 to MAP12) with following sequence description a comparison was made for five genotypes (cultivars) including CIMAP/MAS-92-1 to establish the relatedness among them.
______________________________________ Primer Base sequence ______________________________________ MAP01 5' AAA TCG GAG C 3' MAP02 5' GTC CTA CTC G 3' MAP03 5' GTC CTT AGC G 3' MAP04 5' TGC GCG ATC G 3' MAP05 5' AAC GTA CGC G 3' MAP06 5' GCA CGC CGG A 3' MAP07 5' CAC CCT GCG C 3' MAP08 5' CTA TCG CCG C 3' MAP09 5' CGG GAT CCG C 3' MAP010 5' GCG AAT TCC G 3' MAP011 5' CCC TGC AGG C 3' MAP012 5' CCA AGC TTG C 3' ______________________________________
This analysis could facilitate narrowing down to four primers MAP03, 04, 05, 12 which, in turn, were used in genotypic pair analysis for assessing the genetic/molecular distances. Genotypes of Gomti and Kalka were observed to be closer to Himalaya. The following table gives the extent of similarity among these three genotypes in paired test.
______________________________________ Similarity percentage for commonality of amplified bands (paired analysis) Genotypic pair Himalaya Gomti Kalka and and and Gomti Kalka Himalaya Primer I II III ______________________________________ MAP03 92.3 92.3 100.0 MAP04 57.1 54.5 76.9 MAP05 100.0 93.3 93.3 MAP12 66.6 50.0 66.6 ______________________________________
As evident from the similarity indices (in paired tests), Gomti and Kalka (column II) have a greater genetic distance (or lesser similarity) compared to Himalaya and Gomti pair (Column I) followed by Kalka and Himalaya pair (column III).
Further, the primer MAP03 showed 100% band similarity between Kalka and Himalaya compared to 92.3 shown by other two pairs. Similarly, MAP05 showed a closer relatedness (100% band similarity) between Himalay and Gomti compared to 93.3% by other pairs. MAP12 on the other hand shows much higher similarity of Himalaya to Gomti as well as Kalka (band similarity of 66.6%) compared to that between Gomti and Kalka (50% band similarity). These observations on percent similarity indicate the donation of genomic segments into Himalaya by Gomti and Kalka resulting into a closeness of Himalaya with both these genotypes and thus confirming that Gomti and Kalka are the parents of Himalaya.
The following is an objective description of the new variety, with color terminology being in accordance with the R.H.S. Colour Chart, except where ordinary color terminology is used.
1. Genus: Mentha.
2. Species: arensis L.
3. Family: Lamiaceae.
4. Common name: Japanese mint/Corn mint/Menthol mint.
5. Plant height: About 70 cm.
6. Growth habit: Erect, uniform.
7. Stem: Quadrangular, hard, hairy (medium), green with light purplish tinge at the base, 5th internode 8 mm in diameter, average number of nodes in the shoot=19.
8. Leaf:
Texture.--Thick.
Surface.--Hairy.
Shape.--Ovate.
Margin.--Serrated with deep broad dents.
Tip.--Acute.
Base.--Attenuate.
Size.--Broad.
Length.--6.22 cm.
Width.--3.6 cm.
Petiole length.--1.5 cm.
Area.--15.4 cm2.
9. Leaf-stem ratio (w/w): 1.5.
10. Inflorescence:
Form.--Raceme of axillary verticillasters.
First flowering.--130 days.
11. Flower:
Pedicel.--Purplish.
Calyx.--Green and hairy.
Corolla.--Pinkish white and hairy (intensity of colour increases towards corolla tube).
Anthers.--Four, rudimentary, white which remain inside the corolla tube.
Stigma.--Bifid.
Seed formation.--Not observed.
12. Oil content in the fresh herb: 0.7.
13. Oil quality:
Menthol content (%).--78-82.
Menthone content (%).--4.3-8.6.
Isomenthone content (%).--3.0-3.8.
Menthyl acetate content (%).--0.3-6.7.
Congealing point.--20-21°.
The variety `Himalaya` has several morphological characters that are intermediate of those of the varieties Gomti and Kalka.
______________________________________ Sl. No. Character Himalaya Kalka Shivalik Gomti ______________________________________ 1. Stem Color Green with Light Light Light purple tinge majenta majenta majenta at base 8.0 Thickness 8.0 3.6 10.0 7.9 (mm) 2. Leaf Deep green Green Dark Dark lamina color green green length (cm) 6.2 6.7 5.2 6.4 width (cm) 3.6 2.4 2.8 3.1 area (cm.sup.2) 15.4 8.7 10.1 13.3 petiole 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 length (cm) 3. Flower color Pinkish White White White with white pink marks on petals 4. Disease Resistant Resis- Sus- Sus- incidence tant ceptible ceptible Rust Alternaria Resistant Resis- Sus- Sus- leaf blight tant ceptible ceptible Corynespora Tolerant Tolerant Sus- Sus- leaf spot ceptible ceptible Powdery Tolerant Sus- Tolerant Tolerant mildew ceptible ______________________________________
The chromosome number of the claimed plant is 2n=96.
`Himalaya` efficiently forms suckers during the winter season and the quality of suckers produced under ideal conditions has been estimated in range of 180 to 200 Quintal/ha.
For a crop planted on 20th January the optimal harvesting date is 10th May and second harvesting date 20th July. The planting and harvesting dates accordingly, can be shifted by one week time. The oil yield and quality during the first and second harvests are as follows:
______________________________________ 1st Harvest 2nd Harvest Location of Oil yield Oil yield trial (Kg/ha$) Menthol % (Kg/ha$) Menthol % ______________________________________ Lucknow 257.0 82.0 187.0 80.0 Pantnagar 196.0 78.9 88.0 80.0 ______________________________________
In monoculture planting, `Himalaya` has the ability to cover the total soil surface predominately. However, subsequent agricultural operations of disc harrowing and proper drying of the soil can be followed to eliminate the suckers completely.
Fertilizer requirements are 200:60:60 Kg/ha of N2 :P2 O5 K2 O at Lucknow and 150:40:40 Kg/ha of N2 :P2 O5 K2 O at Pantnagar in the form of Urea: Single super phosphate: Murate of potash.
1. Stem colour: Green (143C), Lower part purple (70A) pigmented.
2. Internode length: 4.5 cm at 5th internode.
3. Leaf colour: Deep green (138B).
4. Average trichome number per leaf: 13,500,000.
5. Pedicel colour: purplish (70B).
6. Pedicel length: 3.72 mm.
7. Calyx colour: Green(141C).
8. Corolla: Pinkish white colour(56D) and 3.47 mm long.
9. Suckers: White, Brittle.
______________________________________ Comparison with other varieties of the same botanical and market class of Mentha arvensis cv. cv. cv. cv. cv. Character MAS-1 Kalka Shivalik Gomti Himalaya ______________________________________ 1. Plant 53 60 65 90 70 .sup. height .sup. (cm) 2. Leaf: 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.5 .sup. stem .sup. ratio 3. Stem .sup. •color Upper GREEN Green Green Green green (141C), (141B) (143B) (143C) (141C), lower lower lower lower lower pigmented pigmented pigmented purplish pigmented red red purple (70A) red purple purple (77A) purple (71B) (71B) (71B) .sup. •Stiffness Hard Hard Woody Woody Hard .sup. •Thick- 6.8 3.6 10.0 7.9 8.0 .sup. ness .sup. at 5.sup.th .sup. internode .sup. (mm) 4. Leaf .sup. •Color Green Green Green Green Green (139C) (139C) (138A) (138A) (138B) .sup. •Length 6.46 6.7 5.2 6.4 6.2 .sup. (cm) .sup. •Width 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.6 .sup. (cm) .sup. •Area 8.2 8.7 10.1 13.3 15.4 .sup. (cm.sup.2) 5. Petiole 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.5 .sup. length .sup. (cm) 6. Flower Whitish Whitish Whitish Whitish Pinkish .sup. color white (56 D) 7. Flower 3.72 3.48 4.66 4.74 3.72 .sup. length .sup. (mm) 8. Calyx Green Green Green Green Green .sup. color (143B) (143B) (141B) (141B) (143C) with red with red purple purple streaks streaks (71B) (71B) 9. Stigma White White Purplish Purplish White .sup. color (71C) (71C) 10. Oil 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.40 0.70 .sup. content .sup. (%) 11. Herb 57.7 120.7 132.9 157.7 156.0 .sup. yield/ .sup. plant .sup. (g) 12. Oil 204 369 363 207 495 .sup. yield/ .sup. plant .sup. (mg) 13. Menthol 84 82 76 74 80 .sup. (%) 14. Avg. 785 1178 804 1024 1350 .sup. trichomes .sup. per leaf .sup. (×1000) 15. Tri- 1.92 2.85 2.15 2.49 3.36 .sup. chome .sup. ratio .sup. (lower/ .sup. upper) 16. Disease .sup. incidence .sup. to .sup. •Rust Tolerant Resistant Suscep- Suscep- Resistant tible tible .sup. •Alter- -- Resistant Suscep- Suscep- Resistant .sup. naria tible tible .sup. leaf blight .sup. •Corynes- Suscep- Tolerant Suscep- Suscep- Tolerant .sup. pora tible tible tible .sup. leaf spot .sup. •Pow- Suscep- Suscep- Tolerant Tolerant Tolerant .sup. dery tible tible .sup. mildew ______________________________________
The color specifications of the plant parts distinguishing Himalaya from others within the same botanical and market class have been incorporated according to R.H.S. Colour Chart published by The Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SW1P 2PE,1995. The distinguishing characteristics are compared with other cultivars of same botanical and market class emphasize the distinctiveness of `Himalaya`.
The genotype CIMAP/MAS-92-1 (`Himalaya`) was bred at the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) under the genetic improvement program on mints. The complete RAPD profile for PCR amplified DNA segments using 12 primers (MAP01 to MAP12) is available providing evidence of distinctiveness of the genotype of Himalaya.
__________________________________________________________________________ # SEQUENCE LISTING - <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 12 - <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 1 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 2 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 3 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 4 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 5 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 6 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 7 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 8 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 9 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 10 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 11 # 10 - <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: primer .sub.-- bind <223> OTHER INFORMATION: random primer for compari - #ng plant genotypes - <400> SEQUENCE: 12 # 10 __________________________________________________________________________
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of hybrid Mentha arvensis plant, as described and illustrated, and having the following characteristics:
(a) the hybrid being a cross between two Mentha arvensis cultivars, CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti) and CIMAP/HY-77 (cv. Kalka),
(b) the hybrid having deep green (138B), broad, leathery leaves,
(c) the hybrid having an inherited regeneration quality in second harvest from the female parent CIMAP/MAH-9 (cv. Gomti),
(d) the hybrid being resistant to leaf rust and alternaria leaf blight and tolerant to corynospora leaf spot and powery mildew and
(e) the hybrid having a unique RAPD profile against the primers MAP01 to MAP12.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/855,768 USPP10935P (en) | 1997-04-22 | 1997-04-22 | Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/855,768 USPP10935P (en) | 1997-04-22 | 1997-04-22 | Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USPP10935P true USPP10935P (en) | 1999-06-01 |
Family
ID=25322018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/855,768 Expired - Lifetime USPP10935P (en) | 1997-04-22 | 1997-04-22 | Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USPP10935P (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP12426P2 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2002-02-26 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Mint plant named ‘Kosi’ |
USPP14538P2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2004-02-17 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Mint plant named ‘Sambhav’ |
-
1997
- 1997-04-22 US US08/855,768 patent/USPP10935P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP12426P2 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2002-02-26 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Mint plant named ‘Kosi’ |
USPP14538P2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2004-02-17 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Mint plant named ‘Sambhav’ |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USPP10935P (en) | Mini plant Mentha arvensis `Himalaya` | |
USPP34884P2 (en) | Leucophyllum plant named ‘MSWNHelei’ | |
USPP27602P2 (en) | Mint plant ‘Ochoco Mint’ | |
USPP35180P3 (en) | Thuja plant named ‘RutThu5’ | |
USPP34917P2 (en) | Magnolia tree named ‘MJK-MC1’ | |
USPP33806P2 (en) | Leucophyllum plant named ‘MSWNRascon’ | |
USPP34434P2 (en) | Monarda plant named ‘Pardon My Rose’ | |
USPP35698P3 (en) | Olive tree named ‘I-20’ | |
USPP34304P2 (en) | Perovskia plant named ‘Prime Time’ | |
USPP33638P2 (en) | Leucophyllum plant named ‘GREHJS’ | |
USPP34038P2 (en) | Heuchera plant named ‘Carnival Burgundy Blast’ | |
USPP33795P2 (en) | Phlox plant named ‘Magenta Pearl’ | |
USPP25108P3 (en) | Mint plant ‘Meadow Mint’ | |
USPP33310P2 (en) | Perovskia plant named ‘Sage Advice’ | |
USPP25138P3 (en) | Mint plant ‘Everest Mint’ | |
US20220117130P1 (en) | Sansevieria Plant Named 'OSV Sans 002' | |
USPP33355P3 (en) | Avocado tree named ‘SHSR-04’ | |
USPP32661P3 (en) | Sutera plant named ‘INSUTSNPIM’ | |
USPP17946P3 (en) | Fast-growing willow shrub named ‘Tully Champion’ | |
USPP31705P2 (en) | Leucadendron plant named ‘Hawaii Sunrise’ | |
US20220095520P1 (en) | Clematis Plant Named 'Evipo114' | |
USPP31987P2 (en) | Heuchera plant named ‘Timeless Treasure’ | |
USPP18731P2 (en) | Myrica plant named ‘Soleil ’ | |
USPP30554P3 (en) | Nyssa sylvatica plant named ‘NSMTF’ | |
USPP14498P2 (en) | Diascia plant named ‘Balwhiscran’ |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, IND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KUMAR, SUSHIL;TYAGI, B.R.;ELAHI, J.R.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008998/0206 Effective date: 19980105 |