USPP10307P - Pear rootstock BP3 - Google Patents

Pear rootstock BP3 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USPP10307P
USPP10307P US08/615,800 US61580096V US10307P US PP10307 P USPP10307 P US PP10307P US 61580096 V US61580096 V US 61580096V US 10307 P US10307 P US 10307P
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pear
rootstock
color
variety
trees
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/615,800
Inventor
Andries Francois De Wet, deceased
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Agriculture USDA
Agricultural Research Council
Original Assignee
Department of Agriculture
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Department of Agriculture filed Critical Department of Agriculture
Priority to US08/615,800 priority Critical patent/USPP10307P/en
Assigned to AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF reassignment AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ASSIGNMENT TOGETHER WITH CERTIFICATES OF NOTARIZATION (INCLUDING APOSTILLE AND AUTHENTICATION) Assignors: DU PREEZ, LOUISE AUGUSTA WILHELMINA CATHARINA AS EXECUTOR AND SOLE HEIR OF RESIDUARY ESTATE OF ANDRIES FRANCOIS DE WET
Assigned to AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL reassignment AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USPP10307P publication Critical patent/USPP10307P/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
    • A01H6/7481—Pyrus, i.e. pears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17761—Side detent
    • Y10T279/17803—Rotary cam sleeve

Definitions

  • the original plant of this new pear rootstock variety was a member of a family of approximately one hundred (100) seedling pear trees of unknown parentage which germinated from seeds collected in 1928 from a wild pear (Pyrus communis) at Elsenburg in the Republic of South Africa.
  • the subject seedling was selected in 1930 by Dr. A. F. DeWet, a former Research Horticulturist at the Fruit and Fruit Technology Research Institute at Whybosch, South Africa.
  • BP3 has been virus-tested and is believed to be free of all known virus and virus-like diseases.
  • FIG. 1 shows a young tree of the subject variety.
  • FIG. 2 shows leaves from a tree of the subject variety.
  • FIG. 3 shows the roots of a tree of the subject variety.
  • BP3 growth characteristics as observed on one-year-old shoots produced from hardwood cutting and on nine (9) year old stock plants growing at the research station site near Whitneybosch, South Africa. The characteristics described are those most often seen and used in the identification of a clonally propagated rootstock.
  • Color Color characteristics of the foliage, fruit, bark and fall color of the subject variety do not differ noticeably and are not unique when compared with other fruiting and rootstock varieties of Pyrus communis except as noted.
  • Internode length --Average --25 mm.
  • Internodes --Regularly spaced, fairly smooth but with conspicuous lenticels.
  • Rooting characteristics Relative easy to root when compared to other clonally propagated pear (Pyrus) rootstocks; roots develop where callus tissue is formed at the tip along the edge of the cut (FIG. 3).
  • Shape in profile view.--Convex.
  • Shape of cells of core is--Rounded.
  • Precocity Trees grafted on clone rootstocks bear earlier than on seeding rootstock.
  • Compatibility Graft compatible with all major commercial pear cultivars.
  • Root anchorage (FIG. 3) Good, but with a more shallow root system than a tree grown on seedling rootstock (FIG. 3).
  • BP3 is a vigorous rootstock and a safe choice for pear trees planted on the poorer soils. A 5 m ⁇ 3 m planting width is recommended as a general guide. Preference should also be given to this rootstock for high density planting.
  • BP3 does not root easily from stool beds. Cuttings are the only practical method of vegetative propagation.
  • the BP3 pear rootstock is propagated most easily and successfully by use of hardwood cutting.
  • BP3 produces secondary shoots which do not root as well as the primary shoots and they should not be used for propagation purposes.
  • BP3 cuttings should be cut off apically and basally near a bud (>2 mm). This prevents cut die-back. Die-back on BP3 hardwood cuttings occurs more frequently on cuttings propagated in sandy soil types.
  • Basal wounding of BP3 hardwood cuttings promotes rooting.
  • a hormone treatment should be applied immediately following wounding to ensure effective uptake.
  • BP3 cuttings will root best in warm, well drained, sandy-loam to loamy soils with a low water holding capacity.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

A new variety of pear rootstock selected from a family of seedling pear trees germinated from seed collected from a wild pear tree. The subject variety produces hearty pear trees having high yield. The rootstock is compatible with all major commercial pear varieties. The variety roots easily and reproduces readily by hardwood cuttings.

Description

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The original plant of this new pear rootstock variety was a member of a family of approximately one hundred (100) seedling pear trees of unknown parentage which germinated from seeds collected in 1928 from a wild pear (Pyrus communis) at Elsenburg in the Republic of South Africa.
The subject seedling was selected in 1930 by Dr. A. F. DeWet, a former Research Horticulturist at the Fruit and Fruit Technology Research Institute at Stellenbosch, South Africa.
The BP3 rootstock has been tested and is now being released because of the high production of trees grafted thereon (Tables 1, 2 and 3) and the relative ease with which it roots. In experimental plantings at Stellenbosch with tree spacing of 4.4 m×3.5 m, our new BP3 rootstock consistently outperformed four other pear rootstocks. (Tables 1 and 3.) Trees on BP3 stocks in full bearing are slightly more vigorous than those on seedling stocks and are considered full-sized trees when mature. BP3 rootstocks are considered "non-dwarfing" by industry standards in use today.
BP3 has been virus-tested and is believed to be free of all known virus and virus-like diseases.
The new variety has been reproduced asexually by hardwood cuttings in Stellenbosch, South Africa. All subsequent generations have been true to form in all respects.
The following tables compare production of Packham's Triumph and Bon Chretien pear trees (both are commercial unpatented varieties) grown on the subject rootstock and four other rootstocks.
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
The effect of five different rootstocks on trunk cross-                   
sectional area and productions of Packham's Triumph and                   
Bon Chretien.                                                             
         Trunk                                                            
         cross-       Cumulative                                          
         sectional    production                                          
                                Production                                
         area         12th leaf efficiency                                
Rootstock                                                                 
         (cm.sup.2)   (kg/tree) (kg/cm.sup.2)                             
______________________________________                                    
Packham's Triumph                                                         
BP1      116,67       350,30    3,00                                      
BP2      140,31       368,10    3,62                                      
BP3      238,19       482,00    2,02                                      
Quince A  64,82       141,20    2,18                                      
Seedling 183,96       326,50    1,77                                      
Bon Chretien                                                              
BP1      129,75       326,40    2,52                                      
BP2      228,03       382,40    1,68                                      
BP3      288,68       418,70    1,45                                      
Quince A 774,46       146,10    1,96                                      
Seedling 180,53       213,60    1,18                                      
______________________________________                                    

              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Cumulative Average Production of Packham's Triumph Pear                   
on five different rootstocks at planting width 4.4 m ×              
3.5 m. (Kg/Tree)                                                          
        6th     7th    8th   9th  10th  11th 12th                         
Rootstock                                                                 
        year    year   year  year year  year year                         
______________________________________                                    
BP1     50      87     132   196  248   275  350                          
BP2     47      73     124   187  246   288  368                          
BP3     48      90     170   246  302   360  482                          
Quince A                                                                  
        12      23     48    71   89    120  141                          
Seedling                                                                  
        35      70     124   185  240   286  326                          
______________________________________                                    

              TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Cumulative Average Production of Bon Chretien Pear                        
on five different rootstocks at actual planting width 4.4 m ×       
1.5 m. (Kg/Tree)                                                          
        6th     7th    8th   9th  10th  11th 12th                         
Rootstock                                                                 
        year    year   year  year year  year year                         
______________________________________                                    
BP1     35      61     82    123  164   198  326                          
BP2     38      59     78    149  261   303  382                          
BP3     44      64     94    123  275   329  418                          
Quince A                                                                  
        10      15     26    52   92    123  146                          
Seedling                                                                  
        25      36     48    75   132   175  213                          
______________________________________
When compared to the O.H.X.F. variety #282, a patented clonal pear rootstock variety which produces trees similar in size to our BP3 variety, the following differences are noted:
______________________________________                                    
Character      BP3         O.H.X.F. 282                                   
______________________________________                                    
1.    Yield efficiency                                                    
                   Excellent   Average (similar                           
                   (see Tables to seedling)                               
                   1, 2 and 3)                                            
2.    Resistance to fire                                                  
                   Average     Highly resistant                           
      Blight (Erwinia                                                     
      amylovora)                                                          
3.    Strength of one                                                     
                   Stiff       Flexible                                   
      year growth                                                         
4.    Branching of Many        Almost branchless                          
      current season                                                      
      growth                                                              
5.    Leaf shape   Narrow -    Broad - Ovate                              
                   Lenceolate                                             
6.    Fruit skin color                                                    
                   Green-yellow                                           
                               Yellow with                                
                   with no over-                                          
                               reddish russet-                            
                   color       like over-color                            
7.    Fruit shape  Wider than  Longer than wide                           
                   long                                                   
______________________________________
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a young tree of the subject variety.
FIG. 2 shows leaves from a tree of the subject variety.
FIG. 3 shows the roots of a tree of the subject variety.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following is a detailed description of BP3 growth characteristics as observed on one-year-old shoots produced from hardwood cutting and on nine (9) year old stock plants growing at the research station site near Stellenbosch, South Africa. The characteristics described are those most often seen and used in the identification of a clonally propagated rootstock.
General color terms are used in accordance with their ordinary dictionary significance.
Description of Vegetative Characteristics
Terminology in accordance with S. B Jones & A. E. Luchsinger: Plant Systematics, Sec. Ed 1987 McGraw-Hill.
Color: Color characteristics of the foliage, fruit, bark and fall color of the subject variety do not differ noticeably and are not unique when compared with other fruiting and rootstock varieties of Pyrus communis except as noted.
General habit: (FIG. 1).
Strength of growth.--Vigorous, stiff.
Habit.--Upright.
Branching.--Many, stiff.
Vegetative shoots:
Bark color.--Light brown.
Pubescence.--Glabrous.
Lenticels.--Many.
Growth.--Slight zig-zag effect.
Leaves: (FIG. 2).
Size.--Average 77.3 mm×53.6 mm.
Shape.--Lanceolate.
Base.--Rounded.
Apex.--Accuminate.
Serrations.--Serrate, shallow.
Internode length.--Average --25 mm.
Arrangement.--Alternate.
Color.--Top surface--green; bottom surface--pale green.
Anthocyanin.--Slight.
Leaf scars:
Shape.--Very broad V-shaped/semilunate.
Color.--Dark brown.
Petioles:
Shape.--Elliptic.
Length.--Medium, 1-2 cm.
Color.--Light Green.
Pose.--Medium angle of 30-60 degrees.
Stipules:
Size.--Medium 10 mm, conspicuous, subulate.
Color.--Light green.
Pose.--Reposed along petiole.
Margin.--Entire.
Lateral buds:
Size.--Large.
Shape.--Angular, slightly held out.
Color.--Dark brown.
Pubescence.--Pubescent.
Apical buds:
Size.--Larger than lateral buds.
Shape.--Acute with scales.
Color.--Dark brown.
Pubescence.--Pubescent.
Dormant Plant
Shoots:
Size.--Diameter at base 1-1.5 cm, stiff.
Bark color.--Light brown.
Pubescence.--None.
Nodes.--Same diameter as internodes with inconspicuous shoulder at the leaf scar.
Internodes.--Regularly spaced, fairly smooth but with conspicuous lenticels.
Distance between nodes.--Average--25 mm.
Rooting characteristics: Relative easy to root when compared to other clonally propagated pear (Pyrus) rootstocks; roots develop where callus tissue is formed at the tip along the edge of the cut (FIG. 3).
Flower and Fruit Characteristics
Flowers:
Inflorescence.--Mean number of flowers, 7.9 per lateral flower bud.
Flower type.--Single.
Flower color.--White.
Petal length.--Mean 15 mm.
Shape of base of petal.--Flat.
Sepal length.--Medium.
Sepal position.--Pressed against the corolla.
Stigma position as compared with the anthers.--Above.
Anther size.--Medium.
Anther count.--Average--16.
Anther color.--Pale yellow.
Pedicel pubescence.--Sparse.
Pollen.--Functional.
Fruit: External evaluation when ripe (No commercial value):
Time of fruit ripening:.--Late February in Stellenbosch, So. Africa.
Symmetry (in longitudinal section).--Symmetric.
Shape (in profile view).--Convex.
Position of maximum diameter.--Towards middle.
Ground color of skin.--Green-yellow.
Over-color of skin.--Absent.
Tendency to color by the sun.--Absent/very little.
Amount of russet.--Mediums.
Position of russet.--Distributed over the whole fruit.
Number of lenticels.--Many.
Conspicuousness of lenticels.--Conspicuous.
Length of stalk.--Medium.
Thickness of stalk.--Thin.
Shape of stalk.--Straight.
Insertion of stalk.--At right angles to axis.
Cavity of stalk.--Medium.
Size of eye.--Medium.
Opening of eye.--Open.
Pose of sepals.--Spreading.
Length of sepals.--Medium.
Width of eye basin.--Medium.
Margin of eye basin.--Slightly ribbed.
Length.--43.1 mm average.
Diameter.--50.9 mm.
Size (length × diameter).--2195.1.
Mass (weight).--65.8 g/fruit.
Fruit: Internal evaluation when ripe:
Diameter of core.--2.3 mm.
Type of core.--Hardened.
Shape of cells of core.--Rounded.
Shape of seeds.--Ovate.
Color of seed (dried).--Dark brown.
Texture of flesh.--Fine.
Juiciness of flesh.--Weak.
Taste of flesh.--Intermediate.
General Characteristics
Root suckering: Very limited.
Dwarfing: None.
Precocity: Trees grafted on clone rootstocks bear earlier than on seeding rootstock.
Adaptability to soil type: Does well on sandy loam to clay loam soils.
Compatibility: Graft compatible with all major commercial pear cultivars.
Size control potential: None.
Root anchorage: (FIG. 3) Good, but with a more shallow root system than a tree grown on seedling rootstock (FIG. 3).
Hardiness: Hardy in most pear growing areas in the Republic of South Africa.
Disease status: Tested and found free of all known virus and virus-like diseases of pear.
General Guideline for Propagation
BP3 is a vigorous rootstock and a safe choice for pear trees planted on the poorer soils. A 5 m×3 m planting width is recommended as a general guide. Preference should also be given to this rootstock for high density planting.
As with most clonal pear rootstocks, BP3 does not root easily from stool beds. Cuttings are the only practical method of vegetative propagation.
The BP3 pear rootstock is propagated most easily and successfully by use of hardwood cutting.
The successful propagation of plants of BP3 by hardwood cuttings depends on internal anatomical and physiological factors as well as the influence of external factors. Since cuttings are only a continuation of the mother stockplant shoot, it is very important that good cultural practices like soil preparation, irrigation, weed, disease and pest control, etc., take place in the motherstock block.
BP3 produces secondary shoots which do not root as well as the primary shoots and they should not be used for propagation purposes.
BP3 cuttings should be cut off apically and basally near a bud (>2 mm). This prevents cut die-back. Die-back on BP3 hardwood cuttings occurs more frequently on cuttings propagated in sandy soil types.
Basal wounding of BP3 hardwood cuttings promotes rooting. A hormone treatment should be applied immediately following wounding to ensure effective uptake.
BP3 cuttings will root best in warm, well drained, sandy-loam to loamy soils with a low water holding capacity.
Overhead cooling and wind protection is often beneficial in the rooting process.

Claims (1)

It is claimed:
1. A new variety of pear tree, referred to by the cultivar designation BP3, substantially as herein shown and described, characterized particularly by its ability to serve as a rootstock for grafting of pear tree cultivars to produce pear trees which have a very high yield efficiency, are hardy and are compatible with all major commercial pear varieties, and by its early bearing habit when compared to the commercially used seedling rootstocks and its ability to reproduce readily by vegetative means particularly by hardwood cuttings.
US08/615,800 1996-03-14 1996-03-14 Pear rootstock BP3 Expired - Lifetime USPP10307P (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/615,800 USPP10307P (en) 1996-03-14 1996-03-14 Pear rootstock BP3

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/615,800 USPP10307P (en) 1996-03-14 1996-03-14 Pear rootstock BP3

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USPP10307P true USPP10307P (en) 1998-03-31

Family

ID=24466855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/615,800 Expired - Lifetime USPP10307P (en) 1996-03-14 1996-03-14 Pear rootstock BP3

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) USPP10307P (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP5573P (en) * 1983-09-20 1985-10-15 Carlton Nursery Company, Inc. Pear tree

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP5573P (en) * 1983-09-20 1985-10-15 Carlton Nursery Company, Inc. Pear tree

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Republic of South Africa, Certificate of grant of a Plant Breeder s Right, No. ZA 80061. *
Republic of South Africa, Certificate of grant of a Plant Breeder's Right, No. ZA 80061.

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20090288233P1 (en) Blackberry plant named 'Natchez'
USPP26405P3 (en) Blackberry plant named ‘A-1960’
USPP34867P2 (en) Blackberry plant named ‘APF-268’
USPP35552P2 (en) Blackberry plant named ‘APF-409T’
USPP26920P3 (en) Peach tree named ‘Souvenirs’
USPP35017P2 (en) Peach tree named ‘Whitewater’
USPP10307P (en) Pear rootstock BP3
USPP17063P3 (en) Apple tree rootstock named ‘G.935’
USPP12443P2 (en) Apple rootstock named ‘Geneva 16’
USPP6362P (en) Pear tree Old Home×Farmingdale variety No. 87
USPP5559P (en) Pear tree (variety 69)
USPP10231P (en) Pear rootstock BP1
US20260033410P1 (en) Cherry Tree Named 'V69068'
US20260033411P1 (en) Cherry Tree Named 'V690630'
US20260033409P1 (en) Cherry Tree Named 'V69062'
USPP5573P (en) Pear tree
US20260033412P1 (en) Cherry Tree Named 'V69061'
US20260033413P1 (en) Cherry Tree Named 'V690628'
USPP35225P3 (en) Apple tree named ‘MD-TAP1’
USPP33756P2 (en) Apple tree named ‘MN80’
US20260033407P1 (en) Cherry tree named 'v690630'
US20260033404P1 (en) Cherry tree named 'v69068'
US20260033405P1 (en) Cherry tree named 'v690628'
USPP8460P (en) Apple tree named `Knottenbelt Red`
USPP5468P (en) Pear tree

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, SOUTH AFRICA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA;REEL/FRAME:007924/0225

Effective date: 19960223

Owner name: AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF, SOUTH AFRICA

Free format text: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ASSIGNMENT TOGETHER WITH CERTIFICATES OF NOTARIZATION (INCLUDING APOSTILLE AND AUTHENTICATION);ASSIGNOR:DU PREEZ, LOUISE AUGUSTA WILHELMINA CATHARINA AS EXECUTOR AND SOLE HEIR OF RESIDUARY ESTATE OF ANDRIES FRANCOIS DE WET;REEL/FRAME:008084/0593

Effective date: 19960220